中考英语听力应试技巧①

(共20张PPT)
一、对话理解篇
（一）对话理解
在对话理解中，我们通常先听到一组男女对话，然后听到一个与对话有关的问题。做这类题时应注意：
1、要尽快阅读提供选择的答案，形成对试题的基本印象；
2、在听的过程中，要结合卷面内容，抓住对话关键，形成对对话的基本理解；
3、力求听懂问句，把握问句的核心或疑问词。疑问词是问句的关键所在，它能确定问句的思路和方向。要把所听到的内容与从卷中阅读的内容结合起来，排除干扰，寻求问句的最佳答案。
4、要集中思想，分清人物的语意和语调。
此类题型主要是考查对交际内容的听辨程度，其难点在于先听对话再听问题，所以对测试内容不能预先进行集中注意听辨，但是可以先从所给材料（选项）中找出线索，作为听之前的准备工作。
在听录音的过程中，结合所给材料，抓住对话的关键内容，以求对对话形成基本理解。特别应该引起注意的是，一定要把对话最后的问句听清楚，把握住问句的核心，疑问词及其关键词，然后再把所听到的内容与所阅读到的材料结合起来，排除对话中出现的干扰项后进行选择，以寻找问句的最佳答案。
1．注意时间与数字的计算
在时间计算方面，有时要找出两点时间之间的时间段，有时要对时间进行推测，在数字计算方面，特别要注意综合多处信息后的推理判断。当选择项为时间、年龄、价格、数字等时，除要听清每个数字外，还要进行简单的加、减、乘、除的运算，其重点应放在各数字之间的关系上。特别是在时间计算方面，要注意时间前后的推算与时间段的计算。
2．注意地点及方向
地理位置是常考题。有时要辨别谈话人所处地点，有时要辨别他们要去或曾去过的地方。在方向上，要注意起点位置及行走与转弯的地点。对地点及方向的提问，常碰到两种情况，一种是从听力材料中可直接听到地点，另一种是从听力材料中不能直接听到地点。后一种情况应抓住对话中与地点有关的关键词语，以此对地点作出正确判断。
3．注意人物与人物间的关系及动作，包括人物的转换及动作的发展
常用WHO—question问对方或他人的身份；问对话人之间的关系；问动作的执行者；问动作的承受者。如：Who (whom) are you going to the shop with 回答此类问题时，应把重点放在动词的前面或介词的后面。
4．注意肯定与否定
通过对话中的否定词（半否定词）等，正确区别说话者对某事或某人的看法或态度，同意还是拒绝，赞成还是反对，肯定还是否定，部分否定还是全部否定，形似肯定实质否定，还是形似否定实质肯定等。
5．注意从上下文中确定词义和不同场合语言的不同功能
一词多义是英语词汇的一大特点，往往需要从上下文中才能确定其含义，特别要注意关键词的含义。
6．注意从整个对话中了解讲话人的“弦外之音”
特别要掌握住转折和让步，把握住说话者的真实含义。一般来说，听到but一词时，要特别注意but之后的句子意思，but之前的句子往往不重要。如：
-- Do you live very far from your office
-- About 15 kilometers, but it doesn’t seem that far. The road is good and there isn’t much traffic. (说话人对开车上班的交通状况感到满意)
-- Would you like to go to a concert tonight
-- I’ve got a headache. （婉言谢绝）
因此，在解这类题时，最好先扫视一下卷面上所给的选项，了解该对话要涉及到什么内容，知道问题之所在。在听时要集中精力听清有关信息，不一定逐字平均使用精力，只要听懂了有关信息，并懂得对话大意，即可选出正确答案。
（二）情景分类
1．数字（Numbers）
常用的相关表达：
How many …… are there …. …
How much is the …….
What’s the price of ……
This costs me ……..
It takes me ……. minutes / hours to …….
M: Excuse me. Could you tell me how much the tie is
W: Sure. Sixteen dollars for each. You may pay two dollars
less for two.
M: Well. I’ll take two.
( ) How much will the man pay
A. $16. B. $32. C. $30. D. $8.
男子询问领带的单价，得出单价是每条16美元（sixteen dollars for each）。但是一次性购买两条则有两元的优惠：pay two dollars less for two （16×2=32）, 即32－2=30美元。男子同意，表明愿意一次性购买两条。
(答案：C)
例题解析
听下面5段对话，回答下列小题。
1. How many countries has John been to
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4.
2. How much is the hat
A. $14.50. B. $40.15 C. $14.15.
3. How much will the man pay for four shirts
A. $4. B. $7. C. $14.
4. What’s the man’s phone number
A. 5876618. B. 5786681. C. 8576168.
5. How far is it from the woman’s home to school
A. 60 miles. B. 16 miles. C. 6 miles.
同步练习（一）
天气是西方人见面时最常谈论的话题之一。
常用的相关表达：
What is the weather like today
How is the weather in Nanjing today
Is the weather always like this
What’s the temperature today
Lovely weather, isn’t it
Fine day, isn’t it
It’s getting cold / warm.
It looks like / as if it’s going to rain.
It’s rather cold / hot today, isn’t it
2．天气（weather）
在上面这个小对话中，发问人问到“她们”仍滞留在这里的的原因。注意回答者的重音所强调的关键信息：The heavy rain stopped them from leaving yesterday.注意stop… from doing是使某事受阻的意思。
答案：A
W: Are Jack and Jane still here
M: Yes. The heavy rain stopped them from leaving yesterday.
( ) Why are they still here
A. Because the weather has kept them here.
B. Because yesterday they were too busy to leave.
C. Because the rain stopped yesterday.
例题解析
同步练习（二）
听下面5段对话，回答下列小题。
1. What’s the weather like
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.
2. What are they talking about
A. The time. B. The weather. C. The date.
3. What was the weather like yesterday
A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Rainy.
4. What will the weather be like on Friday
A. It’ll be sunny. B. It’ll be rainy. C. It’ll be windy.
5. How’s the weather in Zhengzhou
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.
常用的相关表达：
Can I have / take the table by the window
A table for two, please.
This table is free / not taken.
Would you like something to eat / drink
Today, we’ve got…..
I’d like / love to have some……
Two hamburgers, please.
Help yourself to ……
Thank you, I’ve had enough.
Some more…….
Just a little, please.
I’m full, thank you. / No, thanks.
3. 就餐（Dining）
在下面的对话中发话人主动提出一种offer，听话人首先判断自己是否接受此offer，然后再进一步具体化自己的想法。注意听下面一则对话，熟悉有关offer的常见情形。
例题解析
W: Good morning! Can I help you, sir
M: I’d like a cup of milk, an egg and some cakes, please.
( ) Where does the dialogue happen
A. At home. B. At a restaurant. C. In a shop.
根据问话者的offer to help, 答话者的回答内容（要a cup of milk, an egg and some cakes），可判断出男士是在餐厅。
(答案：B)
同步练习（三）
听下面三段对话，回答1-3小题。
1. What would Miss Liu like to eat
A. An orange. B. An apple. C. A pear.
2. What would Bob like to drink
A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Milk.
3. Where are they talking
A. In a library. B. In an office. C. In a restaurant.
听下面一段对话，回答4-5小题。
4. How many people will have the dinner
A. 2. B. 3 C. 4.
5. What will they have for the dinner
A. Eggs with tomatoes, beef, rice and soup.
B. Eggs, tomatoes, beef and soup.
C. Eggs, beef with tomatoes, rice and soup.
听下面5段对话，回答问题。
1. W: Have you ever been to Canada, John
M: I wish to. So far I have been to Japan and India. And I plan to go to Australia
next year.
2. W: Excuse me. Can you tell me how much this hat is
M: Yes, it’s 14.50 dollars.
3. W: This shirt sells for four dollars each, but two will only cost you seven.
M: I’ll take four please.
4. W: May I have your phone number, sir
M: Sure. It’s 5876618.
W: Pardon, please
M: 5876618.
5. M: How many miles are there from your home to school
W: Sixty.
M: Only sixteen!
W: No, sixty.
听下面5段对话，回答问题。
1. M: What a fine day today!
W: Yes, it’s sunny, but not very hot.
2. M: It’s a fine day, isn’t it
W: Yes. But the radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow.
3. M: What’s the weather like today
W: It’s fine.
M: What about yesterday
W: It was rainy.
4. W: What’s the weather like today
M: It’s sunny today, but the radio says it will be rainy on Friday.
5. M: Hello, Mom. It’s hot here, what’s the weather like in Zhengzhou
W: Hi, Jack. It is raining all day long.
听下面3段对话，回答1-3题
1. M: Miss Liu, what would you like to eat, an orange or an apple
W: Neither. I only want a pear.
2. W: Tea or coffee, Bob
M: Neither. I’d like a glass of milk.
3. M: Good evening, madam
W: Good evening. A table for two, please.
M: OK, this way, please.
W: Thank you.
M: May I take your order now
W: Yes.
听下面一段对话，回答4-5小题。
M: Good evening, madam!
W: Good evening.
M: A table for two
W: No. Another man will join us.
M: OK, this way, please. Here’s the menu.
W: Thank you.
M: May I take your order now
W: Yes, we’ll have eggs with tomatoes, beef, rice and soup.
M: Would you like anything else
W: No, that’s all.