人教版英语八年级(下)Unit 1 单元语法专题(1)(解析版)
(含2022最新模拟题)
典例练习
(2021·北京中考) —Sam, _________I join you in the community service
—Of course you can.
A. can B. must C. should D. need
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“—Sam,我能和你一起参加社区服务吗？”“—当然可以。”根据句意和回答，可知，空格处填入can表示“请求许可”。
(2021·云南中考) —You_________ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.
—Sorry, I won't.
A. must B. need C. mustn't D. needn't
【答案】C
【解析】根据后文“Look at the sign. It says ‘No photos'.”(看这个标识。上面说“禁止拍照”。)可知，空格处要表示“禁止”，故填mustn't。must表示“必须，”其否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”或“一定不能”。
(2021·甘肃中考)We_________try our best to fight against pollution.
A. should B. may C. mustn't D. needn't
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“我们应该尽全力对抗污染”，空格处表示“义务，责任”，故选should。
(2021·江苏宿迁中考)—Sandy, is Mr Li in the teachers' office now
—I am not sure. He_________ be there.
A. must B. can't C. mustn't D. may
【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“I am not sure.”(我不确定。)可知，空格处要填入表示“可能”的情态动词，故选may。must表示“必须”，can't表示“不能”或“不可能”，mustn't表示“禁止”或“一定不能”。
(2020湖北黄冈中考)—Is this blue schoolbag Lucy's
—No. It_________be hers. Her schoolbag is pink.
A.must B.mustn't C.can't D.may
【答案】C
【解析】句意: “—这个蓝色的书包是露西的吗 ”“—不,不可能是她的,她的书包是粉红色的。”根据Her schoolbag is pink. 可知这个蓝色的书包不可能是露西的。故填can't，表示“不可能”。must“一定”，表示非常肯定的猜测。may表示“也许，可能”表示不是很确定。
(2020云南昆明中考)You are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. I_________kill plants, animals and even people.
A.might B.might not C.should D.should not
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“不允许你在森林里玩火。这可能导致植物、动物甚至人死亡。”A.可能;B.可能不;C.应该;D.不应该。结合语境,在森林里玩火可能导致植物、动物甚至人死亡,所以此处应该选择A项。
(2020辽宁营口中考)—Where're my keys I'm afraid I lost them again.
—Don't worry!With the new lock, you_________search for(寻找) them anymore.
A.shouldn't B.can't C.mustn't D.needn't
【答案】D
【解析】句意:“—我的钥匙在哪里 我恐怕又把它们丢了。”“—不用担心!有了这把新锁,你再也不需要找钥匙了。”shouldn't不应该;can't不能;mustn't禁止;needn't不需要。根据语境可知选D。
(2019广西北部湾经济区中考)—Must I hand in the homework right now
—_________That's the rule.
A.Yes, you can. B.No, you can't. C.Yes, you must. D.No, you mustn't.
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“—我必须现在交作业吗 ”“—是的,你必须现在交。那是规定。”Yes, you can.是的,你可以。No, you can't.不,你不可以。Yes, you must.是的,你必须。No, you mustn't.不,你绝对不可以。根据句意可知现在交作业是规定,故选C。
(2019云南中考)—I've got a toothache, Mom.
—Oh, you_________eat too much candy.
A.shouldn't B.needn't C.should D.need
【答案】A
【解析】句意:“—妈妈,我牙疼。”“—哦,你不应该吃太多糖。”A:不应该;B:没必要;C:应该;D:需要。结合语境“牙疼”可知,此处应该表示“不应该吃太多糖”,故选A。
(2019内蒙古包头中考)—_________I have a word with you, Mr. Green It won't take long.
—Okay.
A.Should B.May C.Need D.Must
【答案】B
【解析】句意:“—我可以和你谈谈吗,格林先生 不会花很长时间。”“—好的。”should应该;may可以;need需要;must必须。根据句意选B。
单元语法讲解
情态动词基本用法
情态动词表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，本身有一定的词义。不能单独作谓语，需与其他动词一起构成谓语，后一般跟实义动词原形。
You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
They can cross the river.
He can cross the river.
有些情态动词有现在式和过去式的变化。
He can play basketball well.
He could play basketball well when he was 5 years old. (could为can的过去式)
情态动词的句式变化
肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他。
You should lie down and have a rest.
否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他。
You can not stay out late.
一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
Could you help me,please
常见情态动词的用法
can/could
can表示现在的能力；could表示过去的能力。
Tommy can play volleyball.
Tommy could draw animals well at the age of five.
can和could都可以表示“请求”“许可”，could比can语气更加委婉。
注意：无论是用can还是could表示“请求”，回答一律用can。
—Can/Could I take this seat
—Yes, you can./ No, you can't.
can和could可以表示推测。
Anyone can make mistakes.
Could this be true
否定句中can't表示推测的可能性非常大，意为“不可能”。
注意：若语气不肯定，用may not。
Mr. Li has gone to London. He can't be in the office now.
He may not fall asleep then.
may/might
may和might可以表示推测。might比may可能性小。
He may be very busy now.
He might stay in the kitchen.
may和might表示“请求”“许可”。
肯定回答用may或can；否定回答用can't或mustn't。
—May/Might I come in
—Yes, you may/can.
—May I watch TV now
—No, you can't/mustn't.
should
表示“应该，应该”，常用于提出建议或表示义务。
We should find out the truth.(表示义务)
You should have more hot water.(提出建议)
must
表示“必须”。
引导一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn't或not have to。
—Must I finish all the work at a time
—Yes, you must.
—Must I take the boy to the room now
—No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.
注意：must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要；have to侧重于客观上的需要。
We must follow the rules.
My mother is ill, so I have to look after my little sister.
mustn't表示“一定不能”或“禁止”。
You mustn't miss the good chance(机会). (表示“一定不能”)
Anyone mustn't come here. (表示“禁止”)
表示肯定的推测。
The light is on, so he must be at home.
need
need表示“需要”。作情态动词，一般用于疑问句或否定句。
need引导一般疑问句时，肯定回答，不用need，用must。否定回答用needn't。
—Need he sweep the floor now
—Yes，he must.
—Need we leave now
—No, we needn't.
need在肯定句中一般作实义动词，常用于need to do结构。
We need to find more information about the accident.
had better
had better表示“应该；最好...”,常缩写成 'd better。
You'd better see a doctor at once.
had没有人称，数和时态的变化。其否定式为had better not。
We' d better not go there now.
模拟巩固
(2022·山东省济南济微中学八年级开学考试)— ________ you come to my party on Sunday
— Sorry, I’m not available. I ________ study for the math test.
A．Can; must B．Must; can C．May; can D．Would; must
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——星期天你能来参加我的聚会吗？——对不起，我不确定。我必须为数学考试而学习。
考查情态动词辨析。can能/会，表许可；must必须，强调主观意愿；may可以，表许可；would想要。第一空表示能不能做某事，需用情态动词can；根据上文“Sorry, I’m not available”可知，后句是说必须为数学考试学习，需用must。结合选项，故选A。
(2022·广东·铁一中学八年级期末)It is going to rain. You’d better ________ an umbrella with you.
A．take B．to take C．taken D．taking
【答案】A
【解析】句意：要下雨了。 你最好带把伞。 考查had better的用法。had better do sth“最好做某事”，故选A。
(2022·广东广州·八年级开学考试)You’d better __________ the piano now. Your father is sleeping.
A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：你的父亲正在睡觉。你最好现在不要弹钢琴。
考查非谓语动词。表达“最好做某事”用“had better do”的结构，表达否定，在动词原形前加否定词“not”。表达“不要弹钢琴”用“not play”。故选B。
(2022·广东·深圳实验学校中学部八年级期末)—Let’s climb to the top of the mountain ________ you are not tired, shall we
—You ________ be kidding! I am afraid of high places!
A．if; must B．when; may C．since; should D．although; can
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——如果你不累，我们就爬到山顶，好吗？——你一定是在开玩笑！我害怕高处！
考查连词和情态动词。if“如果”；when“当……的时候”；since“自从……以来”；although“虽然，即使”。must“一定”，表示肯定推测；may“也许”，表示不确定的推测；should“应该”；can“能，会”，否定形式可表示否定推测。根据句意可知，“不累”是“继续爬山”的条件，应用if连接；由“I am afraid of high places!”可知表示肯定推测，表示“一定”应用must。故选A。
(2022·广东·深圳实验学校中学部八年级期末)—Must I return the book this week
—No, you ________.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．don’t D．can’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我必须在这个星期还书吗？——不，没必要。
考查情态动词。Must开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用“Yes, sb must.”，否定回答用“No, sb needn’t.”，此处是否定回答。故选B。
(2022·安徽合肥·八年级期末) —Who is the girl dancing in the hall
—It ________ be Lucy. Only she entered the hall this morning.
A．must B．may C．can’t D．could
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——在大厅里跳舞的那个女孩是谁？——肯定是Lucy。只有她今天早上进了大厅。
考查情态动词表推测的用法及情态动词辨析。must be一定是；may be可能是；can’t be 肯定不是；could be可能是。根据“Only she entered the hall this morning.”可知，此处表示肯定的Lucy，用must be表推测，故选A。
(2022·北京通州·八年级期末)—Mike, _________ you swim
—No, I can’t. But my brother will teach me to swim this summer holiday.
A．should B．must C．can D．need
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——Mike，你会游泳吗？——不，我不会。但我的哥哥这个暑假会教我游泳的。
考查情态动词词义辨析。should应该；must必须；can能，会；need需要。根据答语“No, I can’t. ”可知，此处问的是你会游泳吗？应使用can引导一般疑问句，故选C。
(2022·江苏扬州·八年级期末)—How did Tom come to school today
—He ________ come by bike. I am not sure.
A．must B．can C．may D．should
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——汤姆今天怎么来学校的？——他可能骑自行车来。我不确定。
考查情态动词。must必须、一定；can可以；may可能；should应该。根据“I am not sure.”可知，此处回答者不确定汤姆是否骑自行车来学校，表示一种可能性，故应用may表示猜测。故选C。
(2022·全国·九年级专题练习)—Could you play the piano at the age of five
—No, I ________. I started at six.
A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你五岁时会弹钢琴吗？——不，我不会。我六岁开始学的。
考查词义辨析和一般过去时。can’t不能，一般现在时；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要；couldn’t不能，一般过去时。根据“Could you play the piano at the age of five ”可知，此处强调能力，时态是一般过去时，故选D。
(2022·全国·九年级专题练习)—Could I ride an electric bicycle to school, Mr. Wang
—No, you__________. Students under the age of 16 aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles.
A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．can’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——王先生，我可以骑电动自行车去学校吗？——不，你不可以。16岁以下的学生不允许骑电动自行车。
考查情态动词及一般疑问句。根据“Could I…”可知，上文表委婉的请求，肯定回答是Yes, 主语+can；否定回答是No, 主语+can’t；本句表示拒绝请求，故用can’t表不可以。故选C。
(2022·辽宁沈阳·八年级期末)—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.
—That’s too bad. Everyone ________ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.
A．should B．can C．would D．may
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——许多人整天玩手机，而不是读书。这太糟糕了。——每个人都应该是一个书迷。阅读更有趣。
考查情态动词。should应该；can能；would将；may可能。根据“That’s too bad. Everyone...be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.”可知此处是指每个人都应该是一个爱书的人。故选A。
(2022·甘肃·白银市白银区教学研究室八年级期末)—Excuse me, is this Mary’s seat
—Sorry, I’m not sure. But it ________ be.
A．need B．will C．must D．might
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——请问，这是玛丽的座位吗？——对不起，我不确定。但它可能是。
考查情态动词。need需要；will将会；must必须；might可能。根据“I’m not sure”可知，这里是不确定推测，所以用might。故选D。
(2022·湖北武汉·九年级期末)—Hello, Mrs. Brown! I wonder if I ________ speak to Jennifer
—Sorry, she is not in.
A．must B．could C．will D．should
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你好，布朗太太。我想知道我是否可以和詹妮弗说话？——对不起，她不在。
考查情态动词辨析。must一定；could可以；will将；should应该。根据“I wonder if I ________ speak to Jennifer ”可知，此处询问是否可以和詹妮弗说话。故选B。
(2022·全国·八年级期末)You have finished most of the work, so you ________ start working so early tomorrow. You may come at 9:00.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你已经完成了大部分工作，所以你明天不必这么早就开始工作了。你可以9点来。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；couldn’t不可以。根据“You have finished most of the work, so you … start working so early tomorrow.”可知，已经完成了大部分工作，所以不必那么早来，故选C。
(2022·内蒙古通辽·八年级期末)—Must I return the book this afternoon
—No, you_________. You can keep it for a week.
A．shouldn’t B．don’t have to C．can’t D．mustn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——今天下午我必须归还这本书吗？ ——不，你不必。你可以借一个星期。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该；don’t have to不必；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止，不允许。对must开头的一般疑问句，作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时不能用mustn’t，要用needn’t 或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to。故选B。人教版英语八年级(下)Unit 1 单元语法专题(1)(原卷版)
(含2022最新模拟题)
典例练习
(2021·北京中考) —Sam, _________I join you in the community service
—Of course you can.
A. can B. must C. should D. need
(2021·云南中考) —You_________ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.
—Sorry, I won't.
A. must B. need C. mustn't D. needn't
(2021·甘肃中考)We_________try our best to fight against pollution.
A. should B. may C. mustn't D. needn't
(2021·江苏宿迁中考)—Sandy, is Mr Li in the teachers' office now
—I am not sure. He_________ be there.
A. must B. can't C. mustn't D. may
(2020湖北黄冈中考)—Is this blue schoolbag Lucy's
—No. It_________be hers. Her schoolbag is pink.
A.must B.mustn't C.can't D.may
(2020云南昆明中考)You are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. I_________kill plants, animals and even people.
A.might B.might not C.should D.should not
(2020辽宁营口中考)—Where're my keys I'm afraid I lost them again.
—Don't worry!With the new lock, you_________search for(寻找) them anymore.
A.shouldn't B.can't C.mustn't D.needn't
(2019广西北部湾经济区中考)—Must I hand in the homework right now
—_________That's the rule.
A.Yes, you can. B.No, you can't. C.Yes, you must. D.No, you mustn't.
(2019云南中考)—I've got a toothache, Mom.
—Oh, you_________eat too much candy.
A.shouldn't B.needn't C.should D.need
(2019内蒙古包头中考)—_________I have a word with you, Mr. Green It won't take long.
—Okay.
A.Should B.May C.Need D.Must
单元语法讲解
情态动词基本用法
情态动词表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，本身有一定的词义。不能单独作谓语，需与其他动词一起构成谓语，后一般跟实义动词原形。
You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
They can cross the river.
He can cross the river.
有些情态动词有现在式和过去式的变化。
He can play basketball well.
He could play basketball well when he was 5 years old. (could为can的过去式)
情态动词的句式变化
肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他。
You should lie down and have a rest.
否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他。
You can not stay out late.
一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
Could you help me,please
常见情态动词的用法
can/could
can表示现在的能力；could表示过去的能力。
Tommy can play volleyball.
Tommy could draw animals well at the age of five.
can和could都可以表示“请求”“许可”，could比can语气更加委婉。
注意：无论是用can还是could表示“请求”，回答一律用can。
—Can/Could I take this seat
—Yes, you can./ No, you can't.
can和could可以表示推测。
Anyone can make mistakes.
Could this be true
否定句中can't表示推测的可能性非常大，意为“不可能”。
注意：若语气不肯定，用may not。
Mr. Li has gone to London. He can't be in the office now.
He may not fall asleep then.
may/might
may和might可以表示推测。might比may可能性小。
He may be very busy now.
He might stay in the kitchen.
may和might表示“请求”“许可”。
肯定回答用may或can；否定回答用can't或mustn't。
—May/Might I come in
—Yes, you may/can.
—May I watch TV now
—No, you can't/mustn't.
should
表示“应该，应该”，常用于提出建议或表示义务。
We should find out the truth.(表示义务)
You should have more hot water.(提出建议)
must
表示“必须”。
引导一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn't或not have to。
—Must I finish all the work at a time
—Yes, you must.
—Must I take the boy to the room now
—No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.
注意：must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要；have to侧重于客观上的需要。
We must follow the rules.
My mother is ill, so I have to look after my little sister.
mustn't表示“一定不能”或“禁止”。
You mustn't miss the good chance(机会). (表示“一定不能”)
Anyone mustn't come here. (表示“禁止”)
表示肯定的推测。
The light is on, so he must be at home.
need
need表示“需要”。作情态动词，一般用于疑问句或否定句。
need引导一般疑问句时，肯定回答，不用need，用must。否定回答用needn't。
—Need he sweep the floor now
—Yes，he must.
—Need we leave now
—No, we needn't.
need在肯定句中一般作实义动词，常用于need to do结构。
We need to find more information about the accident.
had better
had better表示“应该；最好...”,常缩写成 'd better。
You'd better see a doctor at once.
had没有人称，数和时态的变化。其否定式为had better not。
We' d better not go there now.
模拟巩固
(2022·山东省济南济微中学八年级开学考试)— ________ you come to my party on Sunday
— Sorry, I’m not available. I ________ study for the math test.
A．Can; must B．Must; can C．May; can D．Would; must
(2022·广东·铁一中学八年级期末)It is going to rain. You’d better ________ an umbrella with you.
A．take B．to take C．taken D．taking
(2022·广东广州·八年级开学考试)You’d better __________ the piano now. Your father is sleeping.
A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing
(2022·广东·深圳实验学校中学部八年级期末)—Let’s climb to the top of the mountain ________ you are not tired, shall we
—You ________ be kidding! I am afraid of high places!
A．if; must B．when; may C．since; should D．although; can
(2022·广东·深圳实验学校中学部八年级期末)—Must I return the book this week
—No, you ________.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．don’t D．can’t
(2022·安徽合肥·八年级期末) —Who is the girl dancing in the hall
—It ________ be Lucy. Only she entered the hall this morning.
A．must B．may C．can’t D．could
(2022·北京通州·八年级期末)—Mike, _________ you swim
—No, I can’t. But my brother will teach me to swim this summer holiday.
A．should B．must C．can D．need
(2022·江苏扬州·八年级期末)—How did Tom come to school today
—He ________ come by bike. I am not sure.
A．must B．can C．may D．should
(2022·全国·九年级专题练习)—Could you play the piano at the age of five
—No, I ________. I started at six.
A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t
(2022·全国·九年级专题练习)—Could I ride an electric bicycle to school, Mr. Wang
—No, you__________. Students under the age of 16 aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles.
A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．can’t
(2022·辽宁沈阳·八年级期末)—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.
—That’s too bad. Everyone ________ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.
A．should B．can C．would D．may
(2022·甘肃·白银市白银区教学研究室八年级期末)—Excuse me, is this Mary’s seat
—Sorry, I’m not sure. But it ________ be.
A．need B．will C．must D．might
(2022·湖北武汉·九年级期末)—Hello, Mrs. Brown! I wonder if I ________ speak to Jennifer
—Sorry, she is not in.
A．must B．could C．will D．should
(2022·全国·八年级期末)You have finished most of the work, so you ________ start working so early tomorrow. You may come at 9:00.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t
(2022·内蒙古通辽·八年级期末)—Must I return the book this afternoon
—No, you_________. You can keep it for a week.
A．shouldn’t B．don’t have to C．can’t D．mustn’t
