译林版（2019）必修第三册：Unit1 Nature in the balance单元基础小练习（含答案）

必修二 unit1 单元基础小练习
一、词汇变形
1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→_________adj.有害的→_________ adj.无害的
2．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→_________ adj.长的
3．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→_________v．变化→_________ adj.各种各样的
4．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→_________n．幸存；生还→_________ n．幸存者
5．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→_________ n．消失→_________ vi.出现
6．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→_________ adj.灭绝的，绝种的
7．application n．应用，运用；申请→_________ v．应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→_________n．申请人
8．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→_________ vt.组织→_________n．组织者→_________adj.有组织的
9．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→_________adj.绝对的，完全的
10．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→_________adj.完全的
11．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→_________adj.防御性的；自我保护的
12．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→_________adj.节约的；经济的→_________n．经济→_________n．经济学家
二、重点短语
1．__________________相应地，转而
2．__________________使分解(为)，使变化(成)
3．__________________给……带来起色，注入活力
4．__________________由于，因为
5．__________________逐渐增加，扩大
6．__________________想出，想到
7．__________________公开)要求；需要
8．__________________突然记起(或想到)
9．__________________摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
10．__________________使发生(或存在)
11．__________________在……中起重要作用，扮演重要角色
12．__________________在长度上
13．__________________各种各样的
14．__________________由……组成
15．__________________报名
16．__________________保护，为……作解释或辩护
三、阅读理解
A
In Central America，sea turtle eggs are a popular cuisine dish.The eggs are hugely and secretly harvested onto tables，leaving the sea turtles listed as threatened.Yet we simply do not have the ability to continuously guard large beaches.Scientist Kim Williams was thinking hard when she had an “aha” moment：How about placing a fake egg containing a GPS tracker
That’s how the special eggs come in.To build them，Williams and her colleagues used a 3D printer.Then，they fixed in the smallest GPS tracking devices.As mother turtles laid their eggs under cover of night，the researchers slipped a single spy egg into each nest.“Once they are covered in sand with the real ones，it’s very difficult to tell the difference，” says Williams.
Of the 101 spy eggs,95 were taken away while 6 were quickly discovered and left on the beach.The team received tracking data with the farthest egg travelling 137 kilometers inland and stopping at a local supermarket.The spy egg sent its final signal the next day from a personal house，suggesting that the research team had tracked the eggs all the way.The researchers stress that the tracker is not a way to catch local thieves，many of whom are living in poverty，but rather a tool to better understand how the deal goes.
Still，stopping stealing is not as simple as handing the tracking data over to the police.Across Central America，trade in sea turtle eggs can be legally ambiguous.In Costa Rica，for example，it is illegal to steal and sell sea turtle eggs but buying them is not a crime.It is not black and white.Meanwhile，local support is in need above all.“It，but not tracking with eggs，is the real meat and potatoes of conservation，” says Williams.
1．What is the major threat to the existence of sea turtles
A．Unguarded sea beaches.
B．Unsafe GPS trackers.
C．The overhunting of turtle eggs.
D．The popular dishes of sea turtles.
2．How does Williams explain her study in Paragraph 2
A．By using an expert’s words.
B．By clarifying the process.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By listing scientific data.
7．The researchers tracked so many spy eggs to .
A．test the GPS trackers
B．look into the whole deal of turtle eggs
C．catch the eggs thieves
D．learn about the current situation of sea turtles
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Central America Needs Wildlife Protection
B．Sea Turtles Draw International Concern
C．GPS Trackers Improve Tracking Accuracy
D．Spy Eggs Help Save Endangered Sea Turtles
B
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
“Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
1. What does the author say about people making decisions
A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
2. When do people feel less decision fatigue
A. When they take decision shortcuts.
B. When they have advisers to turn to.
C. When they have major decisions to make.
D. When they help others to make decisions.
3. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in
A. They avoid trying anything new.
B. They turn to physicians for advice.
C. They tend to make risky decisions.
D. They adopt a totally new perspective.
4. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making
A. It will enable people to be more creative.
B. It will more often than not end in regret.
C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
D. It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
写作：
假定你shi 李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括:
1. 剧情简介；
2. 指导内容；
3. 商定时间地点。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 结束语已为你写好。
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答案：
一、词汇变形
1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的
3．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的
4．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者
5．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→appear vi.出现
6．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
7．application n．应用，运用；申请→apply v．应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n．申请人
8．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者→organized adj.有组织的
9．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的
10．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的
11．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的
12．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n．经济→economist n．经济学家
二、重点短语
1．in turn相应地，转而
2．break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)
3．breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力
4．due to由于，因为
5．build up逐渐增加，扩大
6．come up with想出，想到
7．call for(公开)要求；需要
8．spring to mind突然记起(或想到)
9．get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
10．give rise to使发生(或存在)
11．play a role in...在……中起重要作用，扮演重要角色
12．in length在长度上
13．a variety of各种各样的
14．be made up of由……组成
15．sign up 报名
16．in defence of保护，为……作解释或辩护
阅读
A篇阅读：CBBD
B篇 答案】BDAC
写作
Dear Miss Evans,
How is everything going! I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favor regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook.
We’d like to combine your culture with ours by adapting the classic novel The Steamboat for a short English play. The play is set on a big storm after midnight, on the raft down the river navigation, we see a steamboat that is going to sink. We saved a scared boy. However, the adaption is quite a challenge. Having written the English script, we don’t want anything inappropriate to spoil the play. So would you please spare some time to review the draft script attached to this email and make necessary changes If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details
Given your busy schedule, I’d be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. Look forward to your early reply. Best regards!
Yours truly,
Li Hua