课件28张PPT。聚焦中考——英语(普版)第25讲
代词和连词代 词【名题实战】
1.They are able to talk openly to one another whenever __A__ of them feels hurt.(2013,杭州)
A.either B.both C.some D.all
2.There are lots of restaurants in our town.And most of __D__ are clean and cheap.(2013,江西)
A.it B.they C.us D.them
3.—Which basketball player do you like best,Kobe,James or Jordan?
—__D__ of them.Lin Shuhao is my favorite.(2012,广东)
A.All B.Neither C.Either D.None
4.You don't have a drink.Can I get you __A__?(2013,河北)
A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.everything5.—Which do you prefer,a CD player or a walkman?
—__D__.I prefer a portable computer.(2013,十堰)
A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither
【考点梳理】
中考对代词考查的重点有:
1.人称代词和物主代词的用法;
2.it,one(s),that,those等作替代词的用法;
3.指示代词,疑问代词,反身代词的用法;
4.不定代词的用法。尤其是all,both,either,neither,none,another,the other,some,others,the others等用法。高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化;人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语,这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一,并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表:
注:①人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序:单数形式:you and I;you,he and I;复数形式:we and you;we and they;we,you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。
②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格,尤其要注意并列宾语。
2.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,有人称和数之分。具体见下表:形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如:
My books are on the desk.Where is yours?
我的书在桌子上,你的书在哪里?
3.反身代词是人称代词的强调形式,一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下,或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加-self,复数后加-selves;不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我们自己”,“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词,有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
具体变化见下表:
反身代词的常见搭配:
①enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快
②hurt oneself伤着自己
③teach oneself = learn…by oneself自学
④(all) by oneself (完全)独立地
⑤help oneself to请自便,随便吃……
⑥look after oneself自理,照顾自己
⑦leave one by oneself把……单独留下
⑧lose oneself in陶醉于……,沉浸于……【例1】 My parents showed ________ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.(2013,上海)
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
解析:动词show后跟人称代词宾格作宾语。
答案:__B__
【例2】 —Is this ________ football,boys?
—No,it's not ________.(2013,黄冈)
A.yours;ours B.your;our
C.yours;our D.your;ours
解析:第一个空在句中作定语,修饰后面的名词football,故用形容词性的物主代词;第二个空在句中作表语,故应用名词性物主代词。答案:__D__
【例3】 Don't worry about me.I can take care of ________.(2013,济宁)
A.me B.myself C.him D.himself
解析:考查反身代词。由语境可知句意为“我能照顾我自己”。
答案:__B__
高频考向二 不定代词
1.普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。②many与much
many修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。much修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。
③either与neither
either指两个人或物中的一个;neither指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定搭配either/neither of+名词/代词的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数形式);当either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
④both与all
both表示“两者都”,常与and连用;all指“三者或三者以上都”,常与of连用。
⑤each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;every强调整体情况;修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each可指两个或两个以上的人或物,而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。⑥(a) few与(a) little
(a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与复数可数名词连用;(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定,指“几乎没有”,在反意疑问句中尤其要注意;a few和a little指“有一些”,相当于some。
⑦other,the other,others与another
other作形容词,意为“别的,其他的”,常用在单数或复数名词的前面;the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个,表示特指,常与one连用;others表示泛指,意为“其他的人或物”,常用于some...,others...结构中;the others表示特指,意为“其他的人或物”;another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。
2.复合不定代词的用法①在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody,nobody,anyone等时,疑问部分的主语通常用代词they;当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everything,anything,something,nothing等时,疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something,everything,everyone等时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
③everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物,还可以和of连用。
【例4】 —Your tea smells great!(2013,苏州)
—It's from India.Would you like ________?
A.it B.this C.some D.little解析:根据对话内容可知,是向对方提供喝的东西,并希望得到肯定回答。
答案:__C__
【例5】 We need to go shopping.There is ________ juice left in the fridge.(2013,鞍山)
A.little B.few C.many D.much
解析:few,many修饰可数名词;little,much修饰不可数名词。果汁为不可数名词,且句意为“冰箱里几乎没有果汁了”,表否定。
答案:__A__
【例6】 —Which do you prefer,rice or noodles?
—________,thanks.I am not hungry.I only need some water.(2013,贺州)
A.Neither B.Either C.Both D.All
解析:由句意可知“我不饿,只需要一些水”,表示二者都未选择。
答案:__A__
【例7】 —It snowed heavily last night.Is everyone in our class here today?
—Yes,and ________ of us was late for school this morning.(2013,襄阳)
A.none B.neither C.all D.either解析:由句意可知“都来了,没有一个人迟到”,表示三者或三者以上都不。
答案:__A__
【例8】 —Is New Zealand a big country?
—No,New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island,________ is South Island.(2013,凉山)
A.other B.the other C.another
解析:表示两者中的另外一个,常用one...,the other...结构。
答案:__B__
【例9】 —Does your English teacher chat with you on QQ?
—Yes,sometimes.It's ________ we enjoy doing at weekends.(2013,盐城)
A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing
解析:anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中;everything一切;nothing没有什么。由句意:“是的,有时候会。那是我们周末喜欢做的事情”可知,应选something。
答案:__B__
高频考向三 指示代词
指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。
①this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
②有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如:
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
③有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
④this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。如:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?
【例10】 —Hello,is that Betty speaking?
—Yes.________.(2013,锦州)
A.This is Betty B.I'm Betty
C.You are Betty D.That's Betty
解析:电话用语中用this is...表达“我是……”。
答案:__A__
高频考向四 疑问代词、关系代词
疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如:
Who is going to come here tomorrow?(作主语)
What is that?(作表语)
Whose umbrella is this?(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for?(作宾语)
疑问代词与关系代词
①疑问代词通常位于句首,引出特殊疑问句。
②关系代词用来引导宾语从句,或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词,但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
③无论是疑问代词还是关系代词,which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定范围内。如:
Which girls do you like best?你最喜欢哪几个姑娘?
What girls do you like best?你最喜欢什么样的姑娘?
④whom是who的宾格,在口语中作宾语时,也可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom。如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到谁了?
For whom are you waiting?你在等谁?
【例11】People are talking about the old houses ________ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.(2013,内江)
A.which B.where C.who D.when
解析:考查定语从句,先行词the old houses指物,且在从句中作宾语,故应该用which。
答案:__A__
【例12】 —________ is that man over there?
—He's my uncle.(2013,南充)
A.What B.Who C.Whose
解析:询问人且在句中作主语。
答案:__B__
连 词【名题实战】
1.—Look!Some people are running the red lights.
—We should wait __C__ others are breaking the rule.(2013,宁波)
A.if B.unless C.although D.because
2.—Finish your homework __D__ you can't play computer games,Jim.
—All right,Mum.(2013,南京)
A.but B.till C.and D.or
3.I hate traveling by air __A__ you usually have to wait for hours before the plane takes off.(2013,上海)
A.because B.though C.until D.unless
4.—How do you like the concert given by F.I.R.?
—Exciting,__A__ one piece of the music wasn't played quite well.(2013,襄阳)
A.though B.because C.so D.and
5.Smile to the world,__D__ the world will smile back to you.(2013,安徽)
A.nor B.but C.or D.and
6.The beginning of the movie was boring,__A__ the end was amazing!(2013,河北)
A.but B.and C.so D.or
【考点梳理】
中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见反义连词的辨析,大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中。
高频考向一 并列连词
①表示平行或承接关系的:and,both...and...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,as well as等;表示转折关系的:but,yet,while,however等;表示选择关系的:or,either...or...,not...but...;表示因果关系的:for,so等。
②both...and...连接主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;neither...nor...,not only...but...also...,either...or...连接主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”;as well as连接主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。so与because,but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中,二者只能选其一;and用于肯定句中,or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。
【例1】 The train was late,________ we had to wait for half an hour.(2013,锦州)
A.because B.or C.so D.but
解析:“不得不等半个小时”是“火车晚点”的结果答案:__C__
【例2】 Don't be crazy about computer games,________ your parents will be worried.(2013,泰州)
A.and B.or C.but D.so
解析:由语境可知句意为“不要迷恋电脑游戏,否则你的父母将会担心的。”
答案:__B__
【例3】Peter likes pop music,but ________ his father ________ his mother likes it.(2013,梅州)
A.both;and B.not only;but also
C.neither;nor D.either;or
解析:由语境可知句意为“彼得喜欢流行音乐,但他的爸爸、妈妈都不喜欢。”neither...nor...“既不……,也不……”符合句意。both...and...“两者都”;not only...but also“不但……而且……”;either...or...“或者……或者……”均与句意不符。
答案:__C__
高频考向二 从属连词
从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。
?引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that,whether,if(是否),as if;连接代词有who,whom,whose,which,what等;连接副词有when,where,how,why等。
?引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的连词有:when,while,as,until/till,as soon as,before,after等。
特别提示:while与as只能和延续性动词连用;若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
②引导目的状语从句的连词有so,so that,in order that,in case等。
③引导原因状语从句的连词有:because,as,for,since等。
④引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that等,so修饰adj.或adv.。such修饰名词,当名词前面有many,much,few或little修饰时,应用so。
⑤引导让步状语从句的连词有:although,though,however(=no matter how),even if/though等。
⑥引导比较状语从句的连词有:as,than,as...as,not so/as...as等。
⑦引导条件状语从句的连词有:if,unless,as/so long as等。
⑧引导地点状语从句的连词有:where,wherever。
【例4】You'd better make a good plan ________ you take a holiday.(2013,莱芜)
A.before B.during C.until D.after
解析:由语境可知句意为“在你度假之前最好制定一个好的计划”。before“在……之前”;during“在……期间”;until“直到……为止”;after“在……之后”。
答案:__A__
【例5】 You will be late for school ________ you don't get up early.(2013,天津)
A.but B.if C.and D.or
解析:由语境可知句意为“如果你不早起床,上学就会迟到”。故应用if引导的条件状语从句。
答案:__B__
【例6】 —May I go to Jinbao Park with you next Sunday?
—No,you can't,________ you have a ticket.I have only one ticket.(2013,潍坊)
A.if B.until
C.unless D.as soon as
解析:由答语后半句“我只有一张票”可推知前句应为“不,你不能,除非你有一张票。”if“如果”;until“直到……为止”;unless“除非”;as soon as“一……就……”。
答案:__C__
【例7】 Grace is going to give much money to charity,________ she is not rich enough.(2013,乌鲁木齐)
A.if B.unless C.since D.though
解析:由前半句“Grace打算捐很多钱给慈善机构”和后半句“她不够富有”可知,前后在语意上存在转折关系,故此处应用though引导的让步状语从句。
答案:__D__
【例8】 Tony never spends money on buying books ________ he doesn't like reading.(2013,贺州)
A.but B.because C.though D.until
解析:but“但是”;because“因为”;though“尽管,虽然”;until“直到”。由前句的意思可知,后面是原因。
答案:__B__
考点跟踪突破25 代词和连词
代词
一、单项选择。
1.—Is this your notebook?
—No,it isn't.Ask Bill.He is looking for ________.(2012,宁波)
A.mine B.yours C.hers D.his
2.My cousins have collected stamps for two years.They have ________ stamps from different countries.(2012,温州)
A.a few B.many C.much D.little
3.I have lived in New York and London but I don't like ________ city.I like Sydney.(2012,绍兴)
A.another B.either C.neither D.any
4.You have just read the newspaper.Did you find ________ in it?(2013,益阳)
A.interesting anything B.anything interesting
C.interesting something
5.—Which of the two subjects do you like,art or music?
—________.They are really interesting.(2013,陕西)
A.Neither B.Both C.None D.All
6.Mom,I'm old enough to wash ________ own clothes and ________.You can have a rest after work.(2013,兰州)
A.my;your B.my;yours
C.your;my D.yours;mine
7.—Would you like ________ to eat?
—No,thanks.(2013,广安)
A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.everything
8.—Everyone should learn to say “I love you” to their parents often.
—I think so.________ in life is more important than family.(2013,宜昌)
A.Something B.Everything
C.Anything D.Nothing
9.I don't have a present for my friend.What if ________ else brings a present?(2013,青岛)
A.anybody B.nobody C.everyone D.none
10.The song I Believe I can Fly tells us that believing in ________ is very important.(2013,潍坊)
A.themselves B.itself
C.ourselves D.yourselves
11.—Wow!You've got so many clothes.
—But ________ of them are in fashion now.(2013,扬州)
A.all B.both C.neither D.none
12.—Who has a dictionary,children?
—I have ________.(2013,白银)
A.them B.it C.they D.one
连词
二、单项选择。
13.It isn't warm today,________ the sun is shining.(2013,嘉兴)
A.or B.and
C.because D.although
14.We should care about our health ________ a good health is the first step towards success.(2012,金华、丽水)
A.so B.because C.but D.if
15.Tony is only four years old,________ he draws very well.(2012,衢州)
A.but B.so C.or D.and
16.—Why didn't you try your best to get on the subway?
—I tried to,but it started moving ________ I could get on it.(2012,宁波)
A.before B.after C.since D.if
17.—It's too late.I have to go now.
—Oh,it's raining outside.Don't leave ________ it stops.(2013,长沙)
A.since B.until C.while
18.—We can't be successful ________ we keep working hard.
—I agree with you.(2013,孝感)
A.if B.unless C.because D.when
19.Boys and girls,calm down to think about the test paper ________ you begin to think about the answers.Be confident.You can do it!(2013,哈尔滨)
A.as if B.as soon as C.although
20.________ I got back,I found my mother cooking for me.(2013,天津)
A.When B.Before
C.Since D.Although
21.—How do you like the two pairs of trousers?
—They don't fit me well.They are ________ too long ________ too short.(2013,威海)
A.not only;but also B.both;and
C.neither;nor D.either;or
22.We should give the boy another chance ________ he has made some mistakes.(2012,河南)
A.though B.when
C.unless D.because
第25讲 代词和连词
代词
中考热身
1~5.ADDAD
考向导航
【例1】B 【例2】D 【例3】B 【例4】C 【例5】A
【例6】A 【例7】A 【例8】B 【例9】B 【例10】A
【例11】A 【例12】B
语法演练
一、1~5.DDACB 6~10.BACBD 11~12.BB
连词
中考热身
1~6.CDAADA
考向导航
【例1】C 【例2】B 【例3】C 【例4】A 【例5】B
【例6】C 【例7】D 【例8】B
语法演练
一、1~5.ADCAB 6~10.CDAAA 11~12.BA