课件27张PPT。语法互动(二)代词 语法互动(二)┃ 代词中 考 考 点中考考点考点过关1.人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及其用法。
2.反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。
3.不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。考点一 人称代词1.分类
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。详见下表:
语法互动(二)┃ 代词中考考点考点过关me us youyou shehimtheyit语法互动(二)┃ 代词2.用法
人称代词的主格在句中作主语或表语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语,也可作表语。如:
We all like him.我们都很喜欢他。(we作主语,him作宾语)
—Who is it?谁?
—It‘s I/me.是我。(it作主语,I/me作表语)
(1)当句中三种人称单数并列时,一般顺序是you, he and I(即二、三、一);复数并列时顺序是we, you and they。
(2)it的用法
①代替前面提到过的事物。如:
This is a watch. It is new.
这是一块手表,它是新的。中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词②指时间、天气、距离等。如:
It's eight o'clock in the evening.
现在是晚上8点钟。
—How's the weather today? 今天的天气怎么样?
—It's sunny. 天气晴朗。
③代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中。如:
______hard for me ____________ the homework on time.
对我而言,按时完成作业有困难。
We think it helpful ______________ a walk after supper.
我们认为晚饭后散步有益。
__________ __ him three days to finish reading the book.
他花三天时间读完了那本书。中考考点考点过关It'sto finish to takeIt took/takes语法互动(二)┃ 代词3.巧记用法
(1)I在句中,永远都大写。
(2)人称代词作表语时,口语中常用宾格。
(3)两个或两个以上的人称代词连用时,人称代词的顺序常常是:
单数:二,三,一。
复数:一,二,三。
此外,要注意格的形式。如:
He and I will go to the cinema.
我和他要去看电影。中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词考点二 物主代词1.分类
物主代词是用来表示所有关系的。物主代词又分形容词性物
主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表:
中考考点考点过关mineyours hisits语法互动(二)┃ 代词2.用法
(1)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别:
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,用于名词前作定语,相当于形容词的作用;名词性物主代词单独使用,相当于名词的作用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
This is my book.=This book is mine.
这是我的书。
(2)含有物主代词的重要词组:
do one's best try one's best
all one's life do one's homework
on one's way to take one's time
with one's help to one's surprise中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词考点三 反身代词1.含义
反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表:
中考考点考点过关myselfyourselves itselfthemselves语法互动(二)┃ 代词2. 用法
(1)反身代词在句中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语),和主语相呼应,表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。如:
The girl is too young to look after __ ____.
这个女孩太小,不能照顾自己。(作宾语)
(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。如:
I myself can do this work well.
我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语)
You can ask the teacher herself.
你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语)中考考点考点过关herself语法互动(二)┃ 代词3.固定搭配
leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
__________________ 随便吃/喝
by oneself 单独地
__________________ 过得快乐;玩得开心
learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学
__________________ 伤害某人自己
come to oneself 苏醒
say to oneself 心里想;自言自语
make oneself at home 别拘束中考考点考点过关help oneself to enjoy oneself hurt oneself语法互动(二)┃ 代词考点四 指示代词指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。指示代词有:
1.this, that可用于电话用语中, this代表自己,that则代
表对方。如:
Hello! This is Jane. 喂!我是简。
Who is that?你是谁?中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词2.this 和 these 主要表示近指,或在介绍别人时使用,而that 和 those 表示远指。如:
Mom, this is mary, this is Jenny。
妈妈, 这位是玛丽,这位是珍妮。
3.that 和 those 常用来代指前面提到的事物,避免重复。 that 代替的是前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词, those 代替的是前面提到可数名词复数。但 this 和 these 不能代替前面提到的内容。如:
The weather in Beijing is warmer than that in Shen-yang in winter.
在冬天,北京的天气比沈阳的要暖和。中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词1.定义
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有:some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, a lot of, lots of以及some-, any-, no-, every-与-thing, -body或-one构成的复合不定代词。考点五 不定代词中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词2.常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析
(1)few, a few, little与a little
中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词He has ____________ friends, but he has ____________ good friends. 他有一些朋友,但是他几乎没有好朋友。
There‘s still ____________ meat at home,but there’s __________ bread. 家里还有点儿肉,但是几乎没面包了。
(2)some与any
①二者均表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句。
②在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时,用some。如:
Would you like __________? 来点儿茶吗?
Will you please get _______ ___ for me?
请你帮我弄点儿水好吗?中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词(3)both, neither, either与all, none, anyMy parents are ________ teachers.
我父母都是老师。
There are some trees on ________ side of the
road. 马路两边都有树。
I like ________ of these two coats.
这两件大衣我都不喜欢。中考考点考点过关botheitherneither语法互动(二)┃ 代词[注意]①either, any和neither 作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;none作主语时,谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式,也可以用复数形式。如:
Neither of the answers is correct.
两个答案都不对。
Any book is very interesting.
任何一本书都很有趣。
None of the students has/have an English book.
没有学生有英语书。中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词②词组both…and…(……和……都)作主语时,谓语动词用复数,而either…or…(或者……或者……;不是……就是……)和neither…nor…(既不……也不……)作主语时,谓语动词则遵循就近原则。
Either you or he is right.
不是你对,就是他对。
Neither my parents nor my sister has been to the Great Wall. 我父母和姐姐都没去过长城。
Both Mary and Peter are at home.
玛丽和彼得都在家。中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词(4)each与every
两者都表示“每个,各个”,each强调每个人或事物的个别情况,即强调个体;every有“全体”的意思,即强调整体。两者作主语时谓语动词都用单数形式。如:
________ of them has a dictionary。
=They each have a dictionary.
他们每人有一本词典。
__________ minute is important to us.
对我们来说每分钟都很重要。中考考点考点过关EachEvery语法互动(二)┃ 代词(5)other, others, the other, the others 与another
other 泛指“另外的”,常与可数名词或不可数名词连用;others 等于“other+复数名词”,泛指“别的人或物”;the other(+单数可数名词)指“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one…, the other…”结构;the others 等于“the+other+复数名词”,表示“其余所有的人或物”; another 指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”,用作代词或形容词。如:中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词Do you have any other ideas? 你有别的想法吗?
Some students are in the classroom, others are outside on the playground.
一些学生在教室,其他的在外面的操场上。
I have two brothers. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor. 我有两个哥哥,一个是老师,另一个是医生。
These shoes are too large for my daughter. Would you show me another pair, please?
对我女儿来说,这双鞋子太大了,请你再给我拿一双,好吗?中考考点考点过关语法互动(二)┃ 代词(6)复合不定代词
指代“人”的有: someone/somebody(某人), anyone/anybody(任何人), nobody(没人), everyone/everybody(每个人)。
指代“物”的有: something(某事,某物), anything(任何事), nothing(没什么),everything(每件事,一切)。
请注意以下几点:
①以some-和any-开头的复合不定代词的用法和some, any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文)
②修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。如:
Is there __________ ____ in today's newspaper?
今天的报纸有什么重要新闻吗?
③复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。中考考点考点过关anything important 语法互动(二)┃ 代词疑问代词主要有who(谁), whom(谁), which(哪一个/哪一些),
what(什么)和whose(谁的),用来构成特殊疑问句,放在句子开
头。如:
______ do you want to know? 你想要知道什么?
___ ___ shirt is this? 这是谁的衬衫?考点六 疑问代词中考考点考点过关 WhatWhose语法互动(二)┃ 代词考 点 过 关用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Ms Li teaches ________ (we) math this term.
2.This isn't ________ (she) watch. She lost hers.
3.My schoolbag is the same as ________ (you).
4.They enjoyed ___ _ ____ (they) at the party.
5.________ (that) blue socks look very nice.
6.Everyone in our class ________ (study) hard every
day.
7.He doesn't have ____ ____ (something) to do.
8.________ (whom) spoke at the meeting?中考考点考点过关us her yours themselves Those studies anything Who 语法互动(二)┃ 代词9.Help ____ ____ (yourself) to some beef, Jack.
10.Shall we wait for ________ (they) at the school
gate?
11.________(we) teachers are very friendly to us.
12.Bob is a friend of ________ (I). We often help
each other.
13.That's my father. ________ (him) is reading a
newspaper.
14.She cooked dinner by ________ (she).
15.My school is bigger than ________ (her).
16.I think the bike can't be ________ (he).中考考点考点过关yourselfthem Our mine He herself hers his语法互动(二)┃ 代词17.Jane is sitting between Lily and ________ (my).
18.Their books are older than ________ (we).
19.Please take some cards to ________ (she).
20.Don't make ________ (his) feel sad.
21.________ (us) should be polite to the old.
22.My sister has a cat. ________ (it) name is Mimi.
23.The little boy can't dress ________ (him).
24.Does ________(somebody) have anything more to say?中考考点考点过关me ours her him We Its himselfanybody