Unit 1 What’s the matter? 单元知识点详解

知识点2014新版8下英语Unit 1 What’s the matter？
一、词汇拓展
1.matter n. 物质；原因；事件 vi. 有关系；要紧
2.cold adj. 寒冷的;冷淡的;不热情的n. 寒冷;感冒 adv. 完全地[ 比较级 colder 最高级 coldest ]
3.stomach n. 胃；腹部；胃口/ stomachache n.胃痛，腹痛
【拓展】一部分身体部位+ache（疼痛），构成合成名词
headache头痛, toothache牙痛, backache背痛, earache耳朵痛
4.foot n. 脚；英尺；步调；末尾/ [ 复数 feet ]/1 英尺≈0.305米
【拓展】英语中不规则的名词变复数变化
1）child---children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
2）单复同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, li，jin，yuan，jiao，fen，mu
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
5.lie vi. 躺；说谎；位于；展现vt. 谎骗n. 谎言；位置/ [ 过去式 lay 过去分词 lain 现在分词 lying ]/
6.rest v. (使)休息，(使)轻松；把…寄托于,依赖 n. 休息，静止；休息时间；剩余部分；支架
7.break v. 打破；折断；弄坏；削 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )弱 vt.（使）破；打破（纪录）；（常指好天气）突变；开始n. 破裂；间断；（持续一段时间的状况的）改变；间歇
8.back n. 后面； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )背部；靠背；足球等的后卫；书报等的末尾adv. 以前；向后地；来回地；上溯adv. 以前；向后地；来回地；上溯/ backward adj.向后的；反向的；发展迟缓的 adv.向后地；相反地/ forward adj. 向前的；早的；迅速的 adv. 向前地；向将来
9.hit vt. 打击；袭击；碰撞； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )偶然发现；伤…的感情vi. 打；打击；碰撞；偶然碰上n. 打；打击；（演出等）成功；讽刺/[ 过去式 hit 过去分词 hit 现在分词 hitting ]
10.hurt vt. (使)受伤 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；损害；(使)疼痛；(使)痛心n. 痛苦；危害；痛苦的原因/ [ 过去式 hurt 过去分词 hurt 现在分词 hurting ]
11.bandage n. 绷带v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t. 用绷带包扎/[ 过去式 bandaged 过去分词 bandaged 现在分词 bandaging ]
12. sore adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的，痛心的；n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事/[ 比较级 sorer 最高级 sorest ]/
sorely adv.疼痛地；非常；剧烈地 / soreness n.悲伤；痛苦；愤慨
13.blood n. 血，血液；血统(不可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数名词) vt. 从…抽血；使先取得经验/ bleed v.流血；渗出；悲痛 vt.使出血；榨取/ bleeding n.出血；渗色/ nosebleed n. 鼻出血
14.breathe vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). 呼吸；低语；使喘息；流露；低声说/[ 过去式 breathed 过去分词 breathed 现在分词breathing ]/
breath n.呼吸， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )气息；瞬间，瞬息；微风/ breathing adj.呼吸的；逼真的/breathed adj.无声的；有气的/breathless adj.喘不过气来的；停止呼吸的
15.sunburned adj. 晒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )黑的；日灼的v. 晒伤（sunburn的过去分词）；晒黑/ sunburn n.晒伤；晒黑；晒红 v. 晒黑；[皮肤] 晒斑/
16.climb v. 爬；攀登；上升 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n. 爬；攀登/[ 过去式 climbed或 climb 过去分词 climbed或 climb 现在分词 climbing ]/ climber n.登山者；攀登者；尽力改善自己社会地位的人
17.risk n. 风险；危险；冒险 vt. 冒…的危险/ risky adj.危险的；冒险的/ riskily adv. 冒险地
18.situation n. 情况；形势；处境；位置
19.rock n. 岩石；摇滚乐；暗礁v. 摇动；使摇晃
20.knife n. 刀；匕首vt. 用刀切；（口）伤害/ [ 复数 knives ]
【拓展】巧记-f(e)结尾的名词复数
妻子(wife)持刀(knife) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己（self）命(life)，半（half）片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
这9个名词变复数时，都要改-f(e)为v，再加-es，其他的以-f(e)结尾的名词则直接加-s变复数。
21.control n. 控制；管理； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )抑制；操纵装置vt. 控制；管理；抑制[ 过去式 controlled 过去分词 controlled 现在分词 controlling ]
22. mean v. 意味；想要； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意欲; 用意n. 平均值 /[ 过去式 meant 过去分词 meant 现在分词 meaning ]/ meaning n. 意义；含义；意图adj. 意味深长的/meaningful adj. 有意义的；意味深长的/meaningfully adv.有意义地；意味深长地；有意图地/meaningless adj.无意义的；无目的的
23.important adj. 重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要的，重大的；有地位的；有权力的[ 比较级 more important 最高级 most important ]/ importantly adv.重要地；大量地；有名望地；自命不凡地/ importance n.价值；重要；重大；傲慢/import n.进口，进口货；输入；意思，含义；重要性 v.输入，进口
24.decision n. 决定，决心；决议/ decide v.决定，下决心/
25.death n. 死；死 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )亡；死神；毁灭/ dead adj.无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的/ deadly adv.非常；如死一般地/ die v.死，死于…,死亡/ dying（die的ing形式）
26.spirit n. 勇气；意志精 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )神；心灵；情绪； vt. 鼓励；鼓舞；诱拐/可数:灵魂,魂灵,幽灵/ 不可数:勇气,意志;精力,生命力,活力;(团体成员对团体的)忠诚度;(用作燃料、清洗等用途的)酒精
Section A
二、短语归纳
have the flu患感冒 have/catch colds/ a cold感冒 have a cough咳嗽
have a fever发烧 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛
have a stomachache胃 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )痛;肚子疼 have a backache背痛 have a sore throat喉咙痛
have a sore back背痛 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) talk too much说的太多 drink enough water喝足够的水
lie down and rest a躺下休息 drink some hot tea with honey喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶
see a dentist 看牙医 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) go to a doctor/see a doctor看医生 get an X-ray做一个X光检查
talk one’s temperature ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )量体温 put some medicine on…在…上敷药 feel very hot感觉很热
cut oneself割伤自己 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hurt oneself伤害自己 sound like听起来
one the weekend在周末 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) all the weekend整个周末 take /have breaks/a break 休息
have/take a rest休息 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) get some rest休息一下 away from指从...离开
in the same way用同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )样的方法、方式 without moving没移动 on the side of the road在路边
shout for help大声呼 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )救 without thinking twice不加思考 got off下车
have a heart proble ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m患心脏病 take the man to the hospital带他去医院 wait for the next bus等下一班车
expect sb. to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do sth. 期待某人做某事 most or all of the passengers大部分或所有乘客 to his surprise让他吃惊agree to do sth. 同意做某事 move the man onto the bus把那人移到公交车上 thanks to多亏…
in time及时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) think about 思考，考虑 save a life拯救一个生命
right away立即，马上 get the old man onto the bus把老人弄上车 do the right thing做正确的事
get into trouble陷入麻烦 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the driver of bus No.26 26路公交车司机 fall down 摔倒
24-year-old Wang Ping 24岁的王平
三、语法解析
1.身体部位单词
head 头 eye眼睛 eyebr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow['a bra ] 眉毛 ear耳朵 nose鼻子 mouth嘴巴 tooth 牙齿
face脸 neck脖 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子 stomach 胃，腹部 arm 胳膊 hand 手 finger ['f ɡ (r)] 手指
knee膝盖 leg腿 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) foot脚 toe [t ]脚趾 back背部 throat 喉咙 chest 英[t est] 胸部
2.1）询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到何种麻烦时，常用一下几种结构来表达:
What’s the matter(with sb.) （某人）怎么了？
【注释】matter n.“毛病，麻烦事”v.“要紧，有关系”，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。
It doesn’t matter.没有关系。
What’s wrong (with sb.) （某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb.) （某人）出了什么事？
What happened (to sb.) （某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK 你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗
2）表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has +病症 The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。
【注释】cold 伤风，感冒，可数名词
have colds/ a cold表示“感冒”持续的状态 catch a cold强调“感冒”的行为
②某人+have/has +a +headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
I have a stomachache.我肚子痛。（P1）
③某人+have/has +a +sore +发病部位 I have a sore back.我背痛。（P1）
【注释】a: sore adj. “疼痛的，酸痛的”，可用作定语或表语。
b: back adv. 以前；向后地；往回去n. 后面；背部 on one’s back在某人的背上
come back回来 go back回 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到 give back归还 pay back偿还;报复 call back回电话;记起（某事）
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurts his leg.他的腿受伤了。
【注释】hurt vt.使受伤，弄痛 vi疼痛 过去式hurt过去分词hurt
⑤某部位+ hurt(s) My head hurts badly.我的头痛的厉害。
⑥某人+ have/has +a pain +in one’s +身体部位
I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。
⑦（There is）something wrong with one’s+身体部位.
There is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表达方式
He has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head.他头部受到了撞击。
3. She talked to much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.（P1）
昨天她说话太多，并且没有和足够的水。
1)分辨三者的口诀： too much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。
much too+ adj， too much+ 不可数名词，意为 太多….. 。
2)enough【形容、副词】足够 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的/地，enough 放在名前后，形副后。 good enough 足够好，enough money=money money She cut her finger.她割破手指了。
4.drink hot water with honey喝加些有蜂蜜的茶（P2）
with prep.“具有；带有；加上”，表示事物的附属部分或所具有的的性质；反义词without
【拓展】1）with表人与人之间的协同关系
make friends with sb.
talk with sb.
quarrel with sb.
fight with sb.
play with sb.
work with sb.
communicate with sb.
2) with 表“带来”，或“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )带有,具有”，在…身上，在…身边之意
The girl with golden hair looks beautiful .那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。
3）with表用某种工具或手段
I cut the apple with a sharp knife . 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。
Tom drew the picture with a pencil . 汤母用铅笔画画。
4）with 表原因或理由
He jumped up with joy . 他因高兴跳起来。
5）with表示让步,“虽有,尽管”； with的复合结构表行为方式或伴随情况；“随着”
5. sound like+名词代词和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词， “听起来，好像” ，The music sounds nice.
6.I think I sat i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the same way for too long without moving.(P2)我想是我一个姿势做的太久没有移动。
a: without prep. 没有，在无…的情况下
b: in the same way用同样的方法;同样地
5.You need to take breaks away from the computer.（P2）你需要离开电脑休息几次。
a: 1）need用法：
1情态动词Need I____ the question
我需要回答那个问题吗？
Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to. 是的，你必须回答。/是的，你得回答。
/No, you needn't.不，不必了
2）实义动词need sth. need sb./sth. to do sth.
She needs help. 她需要帮助。
I don't need ____(see)the doctor. 我不需要看病。
Do you need ____(go)at once 你需要马上走吗？
3) The door needs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ (paint). The door needs to ____ (paint). 那扇门需要油漆一下。
b: break n.（课间）休息 v. 打破;折断;弄坏;削弱；（使）破;打破（纪录）
take /have breaks/a break 休息 have/take a rest休息
c: away from指从...离开,作后置定语
5.I should lie down and rest. 我认为你应该躺下休息。（P2）
lie vi. 躺；位于；展现（过去式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lay ;过去分词lain; 现在分词 lying）；说谎；谎骗（lied-lied-lying）n. 谎言；位置 lie down躺下 tell a lie撒谎
7.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.（P2）
如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话，就去看医生。
a: if 引导的条件状语从句：
1) If you go to the party, you’ll have a good time.(主将从现)
2) If he comes here, please tell me.（主祈从现）
3) If you have any questions, you can ask me.（主情从现）
b: go to a doctor/see a doctor/ go to see a doctor看医生
8. At 9:00 a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).m. yesterday, bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.(P3)
昨天上午九点钟，26路公交车正沿着中华路走，这时 司机看见一位老人躺在路边。
was going为过去进行时。过去进行时，是表示过去 某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。结构为
主语+was/were +doing (现在分词）
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
(2) see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。强调正在发生。 see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事。强调全过程
I often see him_____(play)basketball after school.
I saw the girl______(play)the piano just now.
(3) lie-lay-lyin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g v.躺 When I got home, I saw my mother_____(lie) on the lying sofa and watching TV.
区别：v.撒谎，说谎（lied-lied-lying）
9 A woman next to him was shouting for help. 一位妇女在他旁边，大喊求助。（P3）
shout for help大声呼救 shout for sb./sth. 呼喊某人、某物
shout to sb.向某人喊话 shout at sb.冲某人叫骂（贬义）
10. The bus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )driver ，24-year-old Wang Ping,stopped the bus without thinking twice. （P3）
这位公交司机，24岁的王平，没有多想便停了车。
1）24-year-old Wang Ping 24岁的王平
a：用“基数词-year-old”表示，此结构常做(前置)定语。如：
Her 18-year-old daughter is now in the university. 他18岁的女儿现在上大学。
b: 一般直接用基数词表示年龄，如：
Her daughter is eighteen. 她的女儿18岁。
c: 用“基数词 years old”表示，有时可将years old 换成years of age表示年龄。如：
Her daughter is e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ighteen years old. / Her daughter is eighteen years of age. 她的女儿18岁。
2）think twice是英语中一种固定的表述，表示在做某事之前“认真思考； 权衡利弊'
例如： We must thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k twice before we make this decision!在我们做出这个决定 前，必须认真思考！
11 He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车并问妇女发生了什么。（P3）
get off : 下（汽车，火车，飞机等）反义词为:get on登上（汽车，火车等）
get on /get off 后跟ship, bus, train, plane等大型交通工具
比较：get into进入/get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) out of从…下来get into/get out of , 后跟taxi, car等小型交通工具和电梯等
12. He expect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. （P3）
他期待大部分或所有乘客下车去等 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )待下一辆公交车。 expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事 我们的老师期待我们按时到达那儿。 Our teacher expect us to be there on time. to rest We all except our English teacher_____(rest) well because he is so tired all day.
Language points 5. But ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但是让他意外的是，他们都同意和他一起去。
(1) to one’s surpr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise:让某人吃惊 让她惊讶的是，邓紫棋唱歌如此好听。 To her surprise, G.E.M. sings so well. (2) agree to do sth.同意做某事 她同意让我早走。 She agreed to let me go early. What you are doing is good for people. I agree ______ to join（join）you.
【拓展】agree with sb. agree to/on sth.
13. Thanks t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time. （P3）
多亏王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了那位老人。
(1) thanks to…多亏…,由于…to 接感谢的对象(后面接某人或某物)。
Thanks to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e English teacher，I got good grades.= With the help of the English teacher, I got good grades.
多亏了我的英语老师，我取得了好成绩。
区别：thanks for…为…而感谢…for 后接v.ing 或名词。Thanks for you kindness. 感谢你的善良。
in time及时，迟早
Tom got to the cin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ema in time and saw where are we going ,Dad？Tom 及时赶到电影院，看到了爸爸去哪儿。区别: on time按时，准时We should finish homework on time. 我们应该按时完成作业。
14. It’s said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble. （P3）
很多人不想帮助他人因为他们不想惹任何麻烦。
It 为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
(2) trouble ucn.(不可数)问题，麻烦 固定搭配： get into trouble陷入麻烦
have trouble with sth.在某方面有麻烦 have trouble (in ) doing sth.做某事有麻烦
If you don’t work ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd, you’ll get into looking trouble_____(look)for a good jobI am a translator!
如果你工作不努力，你找工作将会有麻烦。
15. Did you hurt yourself playing soccer 你踢球的时候弄伤了自己吗
playing soccer是一个现在分词短语，充当时间状语，是时间状语从句的省略形式，
这句话是did you hurt yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urself while you are playing the soccer/ When you played soccer的省略，
相当于： Did you hurt yourself (when) playing soccer
也可以理解成动词ing做伴随状态，表达一种进行的动作。
16. 反身代词：myself , ours ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
作动词或介词的宾语：经常在e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )njoy, teach, hurt, cut. buy, introduce, dress, kill等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。
你能找出英语中反身代词的构成规律吗？反身代词作宾语和同位语。
He usually teache ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s himself English. 他经常自学英语。（宾语） He did it himself.他自己做的这件事。(同位语)
He is teaching himself English.她在自学英语。
She was talking to herself.她自言自语。
He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。
Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!
Make yourself at home! 别客气！
make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解
teach oneself 自学=learn by oneself
by oneself 独自
for oneself 为自己；替自己
enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
dress oneself 给自己穿衣
keep…to oneself
10)work for myself为我自己工作。
Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man (3a课文 P3)
At 9:00 a.m. y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhanghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for help. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice. He got off and asked the woman what happned. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital.
Mr. Wang knew he had t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o act quickly. He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to move the man onto the bus.
Thanks to Mr. Wang an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the passengers, the doctors saved the man in tiome. " It's sad that many people don't want to help others because they don't want any trouble," says one passenger.” But the driver didn't think about himself. He only thought about saving a life.
翻译： 公车司机和乘客们救了一位老人
　　昨天上午9点，当司机看见一个老人躺在路边26路公交车正沿中华路行驶。旁边有一个女人，大喊求助。
　　这位公交司机，24岁的王平，不假思索地把 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )车停了下来。他下车并询问那个女人发生了什么事。她说那个男人有心脏病，本应去医院。王知道他必须迅速行动。他告诉乘客,他必须送这个人去医院。他预计大多数或所有乘客要下车等待下一班公车。但是令他吃惊的是,他们全都同意和他一起去（医院）。一些乘客帮王先生将男人抬上公车。
　　多亏了王先生和乘客，医生及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时地救了那个人。“很多人不愿意帮助别人是让人难过的，因为他们不想麻烦，“一位乘客说。“但是这位司机没有考虑自己。他只想到拯救一条生命。”
Section B
三、短语归纳
put a bandage on it 用绷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )带包扎它 take take risks/ a risk冒险 run it under water在水下冲洗它
put on a clea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n T-shirt 穿一件干净的T恤衫 many times多次 put your head back把头往后仰
a few days ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) clean your face洗干净脸 cut his knee 划破膝盖
have a nosebleed 鼻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出血 get hit on the head 头部受到撞击 get hit by a ball
get sunburned 被球击中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) come in进来 feel sick感觉不舒服，呕吐
have problems bre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )athing呼吸困难 be interested in 对......感兴味 be used to doing sth. 习气做某事
as a mountain cli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mber作为一个登山者 go mountain climbing去爬山 climb down the mountain爬下山
do dangerous s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ports做风险的运动 because of由于 in a very dangerous situation处于十分危险境地
run out (of) 花光；耗尽 free his arm save his own life
have to do sth. 不得不做某事be ready to do sth. 准备做某事cut off 切断
half his right arm with his left arm use…to do sth.
be in control of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lose too much blood the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性
seem to似乎make good decisions 做出正确决议 keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事
keep on climbing m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ountains the same spirit a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place
free himself tell him to rest
四、语法解析
1. put on a clean T-shirt 穿一件干净的T恤衫（P5）
英语“穿戴”要讲究 歌 诀
“穿戴”动作put on, 状态wear 已穿上。
　穿鞋袜，着服装，眼镜、手套、帽戴上。
　wear 用法还要广， 戴表、首饰、花、徽章。
dress接人做宾语， in 后颜色或衣裳。
1)wear （穿着；戴着）表示状态，用于一般现在时，表示经常的状态；用于进行时表示暂时的情况。
I think I’m going to wear jeans to the party.我认为我打算穿牛仔裤去聚会。
2) put on （穿上；戴上）表示动作，是终止性动词，后面接穿戴的东西，不能与一段时间连用。
例如： Grandma put on her glasses to read the newspaper. 奶奶戴上眼镜看报纸。
3) dress的用法。
　① dress sb. （给……穿衣服）② dress oneself （给自己穿衣服）宾语是人而不是物。
例如： The child is old enough to dress himself. 这孩子已经长大，会自己穿衣服了。
③ get dressed （穿衣服）后面不加衣服等词，相当于 put on one’s clothes。
4) in（穿戴）后接颜色（或衣裳），表示状态。
例如： The girl in red is my sister. 那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。
2.Someone got hit on the head.某人头部受到撞击。（P5）
get hit相当于be hit,受到打击，被打击，hit是过去分词
【拓展】hit vt.打击，打，击中（某人某物）例如：He hit me on the head with a book.她用书打我的头。
hit vi.打击，撞击 例如：The ball hit against the ball.球撞到了墙上。
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。
3. have problems breathing呼吸困难（P6）
1）have a problem/p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roblems (in)doing /with sth. =have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth.
做..很困难
2）breath v. 呼吸---breathe v. 呼吸
4.. trouble 问 题，麻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )烦 ； be in trouble ， make trouble ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 。
5. right away=right now=at once，意为 立即，马上 。
6. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了做某事，强调状态；
His grandpa was us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.
get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应 ”强调过程、动作：
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
11. run out 用完，用尽
When his water r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )un out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。sb. run out of 物 sth..人用尽了某物。
He run out of all his money last night.
12. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险
13. the imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ortance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性） ， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.
14. decision ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【名词】 决定； 抉择； make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。
15. 【复习】 mind 意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ， mind doing sth. , Would you mind my opening the window 16. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up 后可接名 词、代词和动词 ing 形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.
4. There were man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. 好多次，阿伦差点因为意外丢掉性命。 此句含有一个由 when引导的定语从句， when A ron almost lost his life because of accidents修饰前面的名词times。再如： 1 thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing. 我想起了 待在北京的那些快乐的日子。 He s till remembers the time when you gave him this book as a gift.他依 然记得你把这书当做礼物送给他的时候。
5. After losing hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. 失去了手臂之后，他写了一本名为《生死两难》的书。 此处是一本书的书名，可译作《生死两难》。实 际上，between a rock and a hard place本身就是英语的一个固定习语， 表不在艰难或危险的处境下“从两难中进行选择” ，意为“左右为难； 进退两难” 。例如： W ho w ill you save when your mother and wife both fall into the water For many people, it ’s between a rock and a hard place.当你的母亲和妻 子同时落水，你会救谁？对许多人来说，这是一个两难的选择。
6. This means bei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.它 的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中”。 1 )此处mean表示“……意思是； 意为”， 用来解释上句出现在书名中的 习语的意 思。再如： What do you mean 你的意思是什么？ 此外，mean还可表示“意味着” 的意思。如课文结尾的句子： ... before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.在我 们不得不做 出可能意味着生死的决定之前…… 2 ) a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of 和 a decision that could mean life or death 均为定语从句。在前者中，从句 that you cannot seem to get out of 修 饰名词 situatio n ;在后者中，从句 that could mean life or death修饰名 词 decision。
He Lost His Arm But Is Still Climbing 他失去了胳膊却仍在攀登(P6 2b)
Aron Ralston is an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )American man who is interested in mountain clim bing. Asamountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. T h is is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. On A p ril 26，2003，he found him self in a very dangerous situation when clim bing in Utah. On that day，Aron ’s arm was caught under a 2,000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was clim bing by him self in the mountains. Because he could not free his arm , he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him. But when his water ran o ut,he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. He was not ready to die that day. So he used his kn ife to cut off half his right arm. Then , with his left arm , he bandaged him self so that he would not lose too much blood. After that, he climbed down the m ountain to find help. After losing his arm he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions,and , in control of one’s life. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. Do we have the same spirit as Aron Let’s think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place”， and before we have to make a decision that could mean life Make conversations using the informantion in 2aand 2b. A:What’s the matter B: My head feels very hot. A： Maybe you have a fever. B:…… …… Role-play the conversation. Mandy:Lisa,are you OK Lisa ：I have a headache and move my neck. What should I do Should I take my temperature Mandy:No,it doesn't sound like you have a fever. What did you do on the weekend Lisa: I played computer games all weekend. Mandy: That’s probably why. You need to take breaks away from the computer. Lisa: Yeah,I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. Mandy：I think you should lie down and rest. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow then go to a doctor. 、 Lisa:OK.Thanks, Mandy. Read the passage. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book How do you know Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man The bus driver 24-year-old Wang Ping,stopped the bus without thinking twice. He got off and asked the woman what happened. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospitaL He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to move the man on the bus. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time. “It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble , ”says one passenger. “But the driver didn’t think about himself. He only thought about saving a life. ”
译文：He Lost His A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rm But Is Still Climbing 他失去了胳膊却仍在攀登 阿伦 罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。 作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。 这是进行危险运动的刺激之一， 因为事故，阿伦多次差点丧失了 性命。2003 年 4 月 2 6 曰， 当他在尤他州登山时,他发现自己处于一个极其危险的境地。 那一天，当他独自一人在山中攀爬时，他的胳膊被砸到他 的一块 2000 千克重的岩石压住了， 因为他无法将胳膊抽出来，他在那儿待了 5 天， 希望有人会发现他。 但是当他的水用光时，他知道他必须得做些事来挽救 自己的生命。 他没准备在那天 死’去。 因此他用刀将他的右胳膊切去了一半。 然后，他用左胳膊给自己包扎上绷带，以免失血过多。 那之后，他下了山去寻求帮助。 在失去他的胳膊后，他写了 一本叫《进退维谷》的书。 它的意思是处于一个你看似无法 摆脱的困境在这本书里， 伦阐述了做出正确抉择及掌控自己生命的重要性。 此强烈，以至在经历过这次事件之后他仍坚持登山，\ 我们有与阿伦一样的勇气吗？让我们在“进退维谷” 之前,在必须作出生死抉择之前思考一下这个问题。 and before Make conversations using the informantion in 2aand 2b. A:你怎么了？ B:我的头摸起来很烫。 A：也许你发烧了… 曼迪:莉萨，你还好吗？ 我该 莉萨：我头痛，脖子不能动。 怎么做？ 我应该量一下我的体温吗？ 曼迪:不，听起来你不像是发烧 你周末做什么了？ 莉萨:周末我一直都在玩电脑游戏。 曼迪：那可能就是问题所在。你需要远离电脑，休患休患。 莉萨:是的，我认为我一动不动地坐得太久了 . 曼迪:我认为你应该躺下休患。 如果明天你 的头和脖子还痛的话，再去看医生。 莉萨:好的。谢谢你，曼迪。 阅读短文， 你认为它出自报纸还是书？你如何得知的？ Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man 24 岁的公交车司机王平不假思索地就停下了车。他从车上下 来，问妇女发生了什么事。 她说那个人有心脏病，应该送往医 院。 王先生知道他必须立刻采取行动。他告诉乘客他必须带那个 人去医院。他期望绝大多数或所有的乘客下车，等下一班车。 但令他吃惊的是，所有人都同意和他一起去。-些乘客帮王先 生把那个人抬上了车。 多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时救治了那个人。 “许多人因为 不想找麻烦而不想去帮助别人，这是很令人难过的，”一位乘客 说道。 “但这位司机没有考虑他自己。 他只想着拯救生命。”
练习
四、单项选择（每小 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题 1 分 ，共 15 分） 16. (20 13 广东)— Kelly, who's the girl__________glasses in the photo -一 It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair. A. by B. of C. on D. with
17. (2013，湖北孝感)Stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts shouldn’t go to school breakfast. It’s bad for their health. A. with B. without C. for D. by
18. (2012，贵阳）Vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctor can play piano. He can join the music club. A. a B. an C. the
19. (2013，浙江) Ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w do you like Li Yundi - A cool guy! His music really beautiful. A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. looks
20. (2013，四川 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）一 M um，I’m not feeling well. —Oh, dear! ________ A. What’s wrong B. Not at all. C. All right.
21.( 2013，山西）Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ung people today posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromessage(微信）to share with friends. A. are afraid of B. are used to C. are worried about
22. (2013，浙江温州) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Andrea Bocelli never ，which makes him a successful singer. A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up
23. (2013，四川内江）He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hurried back home his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches
24. — Why did you ge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t up late this morning — _________I stayed up late last night, A. Because B. So C. Because of D. But
25. — What’s the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) matter with you 一 I________a headache. A. have B. take C. make D, like
26. To our__________, the little girl is the first to go to bed. A. surprises B. surprise C. surprised D. surprising
27. - -What did your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sister do —-She_________the bus at the bus stop and went home. A. got to B. got up C. got down D. got off
28. — What did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you see — I saw many boys________ games near the river. A. played B. playing C. plays D. to play
29. It’s __________own business(事情） Please do it yourself.
A. you B. your C. yours D. his
30. My fathe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r often cooks some delicious food_________for us at home. A. herself B. ourselves C. himself D. yourselves