【中考夺分天天练】2015届中考英语（全国·人教版）总复习+第二篇+语法精点击：代词

课件54张PPT。专题 3　代词专题 3　代词┃考点直击 ┃●1　人称代词的主格和宾格
人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语。如：
We all like him.
我们都喜欢他。(we作主语，him作宾语)
人称代词的人称、数、格的变化如下：专题 3　代词me us him them 专题 3　代词●2　形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区分
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，后面需接名词，用法相当于形容词。名词性物主代词可以单独使用，用法相当于名词。名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词。如：
This is his computer.
＝This computer is his.
这是他的电脑。
具体人称和数如下：专题 3　代词mine yours her theirs 专题 3　代词●3　反身代词的人称和数的变化以及固定搭配
1．反身代词表示“某人自己”。具体人称和数如下：myself himself themselves 专题 3　代词2.反身代词在句中通常用作宾语。表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。后跟反身代词作宾语的动词常见的有teach (教)，hurt (伤害)，dress (穿衣) 等。此外中考还经常考查反身代词作介词宾语，如by oneself等。
3．反身代词作同位语。 通常用作名词、代词的同位语，以加强名词或代词的语气，意思是“本身，亲自”。如：
I will do it myself. 我将亲自去做这件事。专题 3　代词4．反身代词的固定搭配。
help oneself to 随便吃/喝
____________ 玩得开心
____________ 伤到某人自己
lose oneself in 迷恋，沉醉于enjoy oneself hurt oneself 专题 3　代词●4　 it, one, that的用法区别
为了避免重复，可以用it, one, that代替上文出现的名词，但它们的用法不同。
1．it 的主要用法。
(1)用来指代特定的事物，即上文提到的同一事物，或前面提到的事情或情况。既可替代单数可数名词，也可替代不可数名词。
—Do you still keep the picture?
—No, I have sold ________．it 专题 3　代词“你还保存着那幅画吗？”“没，我把它卖了。”
(2)it 用作形式主语和形式宾语的用法。
①当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。it 作形式主语的常见句型：
It＋be＋形容词＋to do/doing/that…
It＋seems/appears/happens等不及物动词＋that…
It＋takes＋(sb.)＋some time＋to do sth.专题 3　代词②当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时，it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。常用结构：
主语＋think/make/find/consider/feel/suppose it ＋adj.＋that从句
主语＋think/make/find/consider/feel/suppose it＋adj.＋to do sth.专题 3　代词2．one 的主要用法。one表示泛指，指同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。one既可代替人，也可以代替物，但只能代替可数名词，复数形式为ones。
—Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？
—Yes, I have ________. 是的，我有一支。
3．that的主要用法。that可以指代可数或不可数名词，主要用于两种事物间的对比，复数形式为those。that用于指代物，不能用于指代人。
The population of Shanghai is larger than ________ of Beijing.上海人口比北京多。one that 专题 3　代词●5　易混不定代词的区别与用法
1．few, a few, little与 a little专题 3　代词He has a few friends, but ________ good friends.他有一些朋友，但几乎没有好朋友。
We have ________ meat at home, but little bread.我们家里有一点儿肉，但几乎没有面包。
2．some 与any
两者都有“一些”的意思，some常用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。few a little 专题 3　代词[注意] 在表示期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中用some。any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何的”。如：
Would you like some water？你想要些水吗？
You can read any of the books.
你可以读这些书中的任何一本。
3．both, either, neither, all, any与none专题 3　代词专题 3　代词________ the boys are very clever.
两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on ________ side of the street. 街道的两边都有花。
4．other, the other, another的用法区别见P14。Both either 专题 3　代词5．many与 much
两者都表示“许多”，many用于修饰可数名词复数，much用于修饰不可数名词。
How ________ people are there at the meeting?
会上有多少人？
How ________ time have we left?
我们还剩下多少时间？many much 专题 3　代词6．each与every(限定词)专题 3　代词●6　复合不定代词
初中阶段常用复合不定代词：专题 3　代词1.主要考点
(1)复合不定代词的部分否定。如：
Not everyone likes English.
不是每个人都喜欢英语。
(2)复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候，定语必须放在不定代词后面。如：
I have ________________________ to tell you.
我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。something interesting 专题 3　代词2．复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
There ________ something wrong with my bike.
我的自行车出毛病了。
3．some与 any 构成的复合不定代词的区别和some与any的区别相同。(some与any的区别见P88)is 专题 3　代词●7　疑问代词
疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句，一般都位于句首，并在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。如：
Who wants to go shopping with me?
谁想和我一起去购物？(作主语)
Whose pens are those?
那些是谁的钢笔？(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for？你在等谁？(作宾语)专题 3　代词●8　关系代词who, that与which
关系代词可用作引导定语从句的连接词。如：
He is the man ________ wants to see you.
他就是想见你的那个人。who 专题 3　代词┃考点过关┃Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
1．Please tell me w________ train you'll take.
2．E________/E________ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.
3．N________ is watching TV. Let's turn it off.
4．—When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow?
—E________ is OK. I'm free these days.hich verybody veryone obody ither 专题 3　代词5．The two boys bought some meat, but n________ of them could take it.
6．—W________ is the price of your jacket?
—30 dollars.
7．Look! There are many trees and flowers on b________ sides of the street.
8．I lost my dictionary last week and I couldn't find it. My father bought me a new o________．either hat oth ne 专题 3　代词9．When they got to the foot of the mountain, they were quite tired. But n________ of them gave it up.
10．—There's s________ wrong with my arm.
—Don't worry. Let me help you.one omething 专题 3　代词Ⅱ.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1．This term Miss Wang teaches ________(we) English.
2．This desk is yours and that one is ________(her)．
3．Please help_____________(you) to some fruit, kids.
4．________(they) school is much bigger than ________ (we)．us hers yourselves Their ours 专题 3　代词5．Don't just wait for others' help. God help those who help ______________ (they)．
6．Jim enjoyed ________ (he) at the party.
7．The style of the dress is popular, but I don't like ________(it) color.
8．Our classroom is much bigger than ________(they)．themselves himself its theirs 专题 3　代词┃语法专练┃1. [2014·陕西] Don't worry. We're old enough to look after________．
A. myself B. me
C. ourselves D. usC 专题 3　代词2．[2014·武汉] I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found ________．
A. none B. both C. one D. neitherA 专题 3　代词3. [2014·衡阳] We live in Hengyang city. She's our beautiful home. We all love________．
A．him B．them
C．herC 专题 3　代词4．[2014·烟台] Oh, your skirt is the same ________.
A. as me B. with her
C. with mine D. as hersD 专题 3　代词5．[2014·烟台] —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday, Scott?
—I'm afraid ________is possible. I'll be on business on those two days.
A. either B. neither C. every D. eachB 专题 3　代词6. [2014·潍坊] A smile costs________， but gives so much. So we should learn to smile.
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D. everything C 专题 3　代词7．[2014·湖州] —Excuse me, I'm looking for my umbrella.
—Oh, sorry. I took ________ by mistake.
A. yours B. mine C. hers D. his A 专题 3　代词8．[2014·福州] —Shall we meet at 8 o'clock next Sunday morning?
—I won't be free then. Let's make it ________ day.
A. other B. another C. the other B 专题 3　代词9．[2013·泸州] There is a cup of tea. Please pass ________ to me.
A．one B．it C．this D．thatB 专题 3　代词10．[2013·宿迁] —Is this ________ new book, Shirley?
—No, it isn't. Maybe it's ________．
A．your; his B. your; him
C．yours; his D. yours; himA 专题 3　代词11．[2013·孝感] My family has two dogs. One is white, ________ is black.
A．other B．another
C．the other D．othersC 专题 3　代词12．[2013·宜宾] —What kind of music do you like?
—I like music ________ I can dance to.
A．because B. when
C．who D. that D 专题 3　代词13．________ is not good to copy others' homework.
A．This B．That C．It D．ThereC 专题 3　代词14．Your watch is very cool. Where did you buy ________？ I want to buy ________， too.
A．it; one B．it; it
C．one; it D．one; one A A　it代替上文提到的watch；one泛指任意一块表。 专题 3　代词15．—Did you finish the homework ________？
—Sure, Mr. Wang. Nobody helped ________.
A．you; I B．yours; me
C．yourself; mine D．yourself; meD 专题 3　代词16．The apples on this tree are bigger than ________on that tree.
A．them B．those C．that D．its B 为了避免重复，可用that或those代替前面提到的名词。apples为复数名词，故用those来代替。专题 3　代词17．—Who taught ________ swimming?
—Nobody. I learned all by ________．
A．you; myself B．your; myself
C．you; me D．your; mineA teach sb. sth.意为“教某人某事”，其中的sb.应用宾格；all by oneself意为“靠自己”，为固定搭配。专题 3　代词18．—Is your friend Michael still in Australia?
—I don't know. I have ________ information about him because we haven't seen each other for ________ years.
A．a little; a few B. little; a few
C．a few; a little D. few; a littleB 专题 3　代词19．—________sweater do you like best?
—The blue one.
A．Who B．Which
C．Whom D．WhoseB 专题 3　代词20．I had to buy ________ these books because I didn't know which one was the best.
A．both B．none C．neither D．allD 专题 3　代词21．We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ________ one this month.
A．the other B．some
C．another D．otherC 专题 3　代词22．—How often is the World Cup held?
—________ four years.
A．For B．Every C．Each D．In B every four years 意为“每四年”，用来回答“how often”引导的特殊疑问句。each无此用法。专题 3　代词23．—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
—I don't care. ________ is fine.
A．Either B．Neither
C．Both D．AllA 专题 3　代词24. —You have tried on several shirts.
—Sorry to take up too much of your time. But ________ of them look good on me.
A．neither B．any
C．none D．bothC 专题 3　代词25．—John, we have few apples left. Could you go and buy________？
—Sure. But I have________here.
A．any; any B．some; any
C．any; some D．some; some D some既可以用于肯定句，又可以用于疑问句表示委婉的请求并希望得到对方的肯定回答。