【名师面对面】2015中考精英英语（外研版）总复习课件：第29讲　代词和连词（共43张PPT）

课件43张PPT。英 语第29讲　代词和连词代　　词【真题体验】
1．I'm looking for a bank，but I can't find __B__．(2014，嘉兴)
A．it B．one C．this D．that
2．I can't find my English book.Could you help __C__ find it？(2014，德州)
A．her B．him C．me D．them3．Sam and Henry play football very well.We hope __B__ of them can join our team.(2014，重庆A)
A．all B．both C．every D．some
4．Our mother earth gives us __D__ we need in our daily life.(2014，临沂)
A．nobody B．nothing
C．everybody D．everything
5．A smile costs __C__，but gives so much.So we should learn to smile.(2014，潍坊)
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything【考点梳理】
中考对代词考查的重点有：
1．人称代词和物主代词的用法；
2．it，one(s)，that，those等作替代词的用法；
3．指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词的用法；
4．不定代词的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，some，others，等的用法。高频考点一　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1．人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：
注意：①人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数形式：you and I；you，he and I；复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。
②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。2．表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：
形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
My books are on the desk.Where is yours?
我的书在桌子上，你的书在哪里？3．反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加-self，复数后加-selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。
具体变化见下表：
反身代词的常见搭配：
①enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快
②hurt oneself伤着自己
③teach oneself ＝ learn…by oneself自学
④(all) by oneself (完全)独立地
⑤help oneself to请自便；随便吃……
⑥look after oneself自理；照顾自己
⑦leave one by oneself把……单独留下
⑧lose oneself in陶醉于……；沉浸于……【例1】 Aunt Tina will visit us soon.__ B _ is arriving tomorrow morning.(2014，重庆A)
A．He B．She C．His D．Her
点拨：第二个句子缺少主语，应填人称代词主格形式；由Tina可知应填She。
【例2】 —Hi，Tom.Is that your bag?
—No，it's Mary's.And the sweater near the bag is _ C __，too.(2014，台州)
A．mine B．yours C．hers D．his
点拨：此空应填名词性物主代词；由Mary可知，应用第三人称。高频考点二　不定代词
1．普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
②many与much
many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词，两者都可与表示程度的副词so，too，how等连用。③either与neither
either指两个人或物中的一个；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/neither of＋名词/代词的复数＋谓语动词(第三人称单数形式)；当either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
④both与all
both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用。⑤each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况；修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。
⑥(a) few与(a) little
(a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与复数可数名词连用；(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定，指“几乎没有”，在反意疑问句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相当于some。⑦other，the other，others，the others与another
other作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用在单数或复数名词的前面；the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个，表示特指，常与one连用；others表示泛指，意为“其他的人或物”，常用于some…，others…结构中；the others表示特指，意为“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。2．复合不定代词的用法
①在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词时，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词时，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
③everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。【例3】 We need to go shopping.There is __ A _ juice left in the fridge.(2013，鞍山)
A．little B．few C．many D．much
点拨：few，many修饰可数名词；little，much修饰不可数名词。果汁为不可数名词，且句意为“冰箱里几乎没有果汁了”，表否定。
【例4】 —Which of the two pairs of shoes will you take?
—I'll take _ D _.They are too small for me.(2014，菏泽)
A．both B．all C．either D．neither
点拨：由“它们对我来说太小了。”可知“两双鞋都不会买”。【例5】 —It snowed heavily last night.Is everyone in our class here today?
—Yes，and __ A _ of us was late for school this morning.(2013，襄阳)
A．none B．neither C．all D．either
点拨：由句意可知“都来了，没有一个人迟到”，表示三者或三者以上都不。
【例6】 Look！The clock has stopped.Maybe there's __ B _ wrong with it.(2014，北京)
A．everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
点拨：everything一切；anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中；nothing没有什么。由句意“钟表已经停止了。”可知，“钟表出故障了。”高频考点三　指示代词
指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
①this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
②有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
③有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
④this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?【例7】 —Hello，is that Betty speaking?
—Yes.__ A _.(2013，锦州)
A．This is Betty B．I'm Betty
C．You are Betty D．That's Betty
点拨：电话用语中用this is…表达“我是……”。高频考点四　疑问代词、关系代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主语)
What is that？(作表语)
Whose umbrella is this？(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for？(作宾语)疑问代词与关系代词
1．疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
2．关系代词用来引导宾语从句，或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
3．无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which girls do you like best？你最喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的姑娘？4．whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到谁了？
For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？
【例8】—__ A _ are you going to buy for your father for Father's Day.
—A T-shirt.(2014，德州)
A．What B．When C．Where D．How
点拨：由答语可知是对宾语提问，B、C、D三项都只作状语。
【例9】 —__ B _ is that man over there?
—He's my uncle.(2013，南充)
A．What B．Who C．Whose D．Whom
点拨：询问人且在句中作主语。1．—Which of the two magazines will you take?
—I'll take __D__ though I find ________ of them are very useful to me.(2014，黄冈)
A．all；both B．either；either
C．either；neither D．either；both
2．—Excuse me，is this __A__ new pencil sharpener?
—Yes，it's ________.He bought it just now.(2014，达州)
A．Tom's；his B．Tom；his
C．Tom's；hers D．Tom's；yours3．—Is this red bag yours?
—No，it isn't.__D__ is that black one.(2014，威海)
A．Your B．I C．My D．Mine
4．This work needs close teamwork.__A__ will be achieved unless we work well together.(2014，苏州)
A．Nothing B．Anything
C．Something D．Everything5．—Morning，class.Is __B__ here today?
—No，sir.Tom is absent.He is ill at home.(2014，咸宁)
A．anybody B．everybody
C．nobody D．somebody
6．—Is that car Mrs. Black's？(2014，济宁)
—No，__C__ is a white one.
A．she B．her C．hers D．his7．We have friends to help us fight against pollution，and trees are one of __D__．(2014，临沂)
A．themselves B．they
C．their D．them
8．—I'll do the washing-up.Jack，would you please do the floors?
—Why __D__？Susan is sitting there doing nothing.(2014，苏州)
A．her B．she C．I D．me9．At present，children mean __A__ to most parents in China.(2014，河南)
A．everything B．nothing
C．anything D．something
10．Do you have toys？I'd like to buy __B__ for my cousin.(2014，河北)
A．it B．one C．this D．that
11．—Is your friend Michael still in Australia?
—I don't know.I have __B__ information about him because we haven't seen each other for ________ years.(2013，随州)
A．a little；a few B．little；a few
C．a few；a little D．few；a little连　　词【真题体验】
1．Rick has learned a lot about Chinese culture __D__ he came to China.(2014，安徽)
A．before B．when C．until D．since
2．Father won't allow me to play outside __C__ I wash up the dishes.(2014，烟台)
A．if not B．if C．unless D．because
3．—The air pollution is terrible.(2014，扬州)
—It will be worse __B__ we take action to protect the environment.
A．if B．unless C．until D．when4．It is better to travel 10，000 miles __D__ to read 10，000 books.(2014，东营)
A．as B．but C．nor D ．than
5．I'd like to have a try，__B__ I may fail.(2014，重庆B)
A．since B．though C．until D．after
【考点梳理】
中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本意思和用法和一些常见连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中。高频考点一　并列连词
1．表示平行或承接关系的：and，both…and…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，as well as等；表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示选择关系的：or，either…or…，not…but…；表示因果关系的：for，so等。
2．both…and…连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither…nor…，not only…but…also…，either…or…连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。【例1】 Which do you prefer to use to communicate with your friends，QQ __ C _ MSN？(2014，白银)
A．and B．nor C．or D．so
点拨：这是一个选择疑问句。句意为“你更喜欢用QQ还是MSN与你的朋友们交流？”
【例2】 —How do you like the two pairs of shorts？(2014，滨州)
—They didn't fit me well.They are __ D _ too long ________ too short.
A．not only；but also B．both；and
C．neither；nor D．either；or
点拨：由答句“它们都不合适。”可知“不是太长就是太短”。not only...but also“不但……而且……”；both...and...“既……又……”；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”；either...or...“……或者……”，D项符合题意。【例3】Spend more time talking with your parents，__ A _ they may not well understand you.(2014，安徽)
A．or B．so C．and D．but
点拨：句意为“多花时间和你的父母聊天，否则他们或许不太理解你。”
高频考点二　从属连词
从属连词指用于连接各种从句的连词。
1．引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that，whether，if(是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。2．引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。
特别提示：while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
②引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。
③引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，for，since等。④引导结果状语从句的连词有：so…that，such…that等。so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词。当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。
⑤引导让步状语从句：although，though，however(＝no matter how)，even if/though等。
⑥比较状语从句：as，than，as…as，not so/as…as等。
⑦引导条件状语从句：if，unless，as/so long as等。
⑧引导地点状语从句：where，wherever。【例4】The left-behind kids(留守儿童) can't see their parents __ B _ the parents come back home from work.(2014，昆明)
A．but B．until C．or D．if
点拨：句意为“留守儿童直到他们的父母们回家才能见到他们。”not...until意为“直到……才……”。
【例5】 He's not a perfect child.He sometimes talks back __ C _ his parents talk with him.(2014，河南)
A．if B．before C．when D．until
点拨：句意为“他不是一个完美的孩子。和父母谈话时，他有时会顶嘴。”if“如果”；before“在……之前”；when“当……时候”，符合题意；until“到……为止”。【例6】 In summer milk will quickly go bad __ B _ it is put into a fridge.(2014，杭州)
A．though B．unless C．because D．once
点拨：句意“在夏天牛奶很快会变质，除非把它放入冰箱里。”
【例7】 The teacher asked me to read aloud __ A __ all the students could hear me.(2014，滨州)
A．so that B．for
C．because D．in order to
点拨：so that“以便”，引导结果状语从句；for作连词，意为“因为，由于”；because“因为”，引导原因状语从句；in order to“为了”，后接动词原形。句意为“老师要求我大声朗读以便所有的学生都能听见。”1．__B__ he was very tired，he continued working in his office.(2014，天津)
A．Since B．Although
C．As soon as D．Because
2．Read this article，__B__ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.(2014，苏州)
A．or B．and C．but D．so
3．__C__ the sun was not yet up，many people were already taking exercise in the square.(2014，安徽)
A．As B．If C．Though D．Because4．I'd like to go with you，__D__ I'm too busy.(2014，北京)
A．or B．and C．so D．but
5．Why not look up the new word in the dictionary __A__ you don't know it？(2014，威海)
A．if B．that C．though D．whether
6．Good friends are like stars.You don't always see them，__B__you know they are there.(2014，丽水)
A．as B．but C．for D．them7．Your dream will come true __A__ you put your heart and soul into it.(2014，泰安)
A．if B．unless C．although D．until
8．Talk to your teacher and you will get help __B__ you have a problem.(2014，临沂)
A．unless B．if C．until D．so
9．The beginning of the movie was boring，__A__ the end was amazing！(2013，河北)
A．but B．and C．so D．or
10．Kate's dad is getting old.She will go back home to see him __B__ it is convenient.(2013，江西)
A．because B．whenever
C．although D．unless11．—Finish your homework __D__ you can't play computer games，Jim.
—All right，Mum.(2013，南京)
A．but B．till C．and D．or
12．I hate traveling by air __A__ you usually have to wait for hours before the plane takes off.(2013，上海)
A．because B．though C．until D．unless13．—How does your mother like your presents for Mother's Day?
—Well，__C__ this sweater ________ that one is fit for her.They're too big.(2013，随州)
A．both；and B．either；or
C．neither；nor D．not only；but also
14．Smile to the world，__D__ the world will smile back to you.(2013，安徽)
A．nor B．but C．or D．and
15．__A__ you read it，you can't imagine how moving the story is.
A．Unless B．Because C．Although D．If