中考英语二轮语法复习部分 专题五 代词 课件

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中考英语复习语法知识梳理
专题五 代词
目录
数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
数据链接 强化练习
3
数据透视 知识梳理
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表:
考点一
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
　　　 人称　 　　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
类别
1.人称代词的用法
类 别 用法 例句
位置 所作成分 主 格 用在动词/系动词/情态动词之前 作主语 They all like apples. 他们都喜欢苹果。
宾 格 用在动词/介词之后 作宾语 My mother will take me to the park.
我妈妈将带我去公园。
Let’s go and look for him. 我们去找他吧。
用在系动词之后 作表语 The boy in the picture is me.
照片里的男孩是我。
2.物主代词的用法
类 别 用法 例句
位置 所作成分 形容词性物主代词 用在名词前 作定语 This is my pencil.
这是我的铅笔。
类 别 用法 例句
位置 所作成分 名词性物主代词 用在动词/介词之后 作宾语 I left my ruler at home. Could you lend yours to me 我把尺子落在家里了。能把你的尺子借给我吗
用在动词/系动词之前 作主语 This is my eraser.Hers is in the schoolbag.这是我的橡皮。她的橡皮在书包里。
3.反身代词的用法
位置 所作成分 例句
用在动词/介词之后 作宾语 The little boy taught himself English.这个小男孩自学英语。
用在系动词之后 作表语 That boy in the picture was myself.
照片上的男孩就是我自己。
用在名词/代词之后或句末 作同 位语 The children made model planes themselves.
这些孩子们自己制作飞机模型。
She herself is a teacher. 她本人是一位老师。
含有反身代词的常用短语:
dress oneself自己穿衣服 teach oneself自学
learn by oneself自学 lose oneself (in)沉醉于
come to oneself苏醒 by oneself独自
enjoy oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴
help oneself (to sth.) 随便(吃/喝某物)
拓展延伸
不定代词
考点二
代词 用法 例句
some 用于肯定句中,表示“一些,某些”;用于疑问句中,表示希望得到对方的肯定回答或委婉提出建议与要求 Jane has some toys.简有一些玩具。
Would you like some 你要来一点儿吗
1.普通不定代词
(1)some与any
代词 用法 例句
any 用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中,表示“一些,少许”;用于肯定句中,表示“任何” Is there any water in the bottle
瓶子里有水吗
I will take any you don’t want.
你不要的我拿走。
相同点:既可以修饰或指代可数名词复数,又可以修饰或指代不可数名词
代词 用法 例句
many 修饰或指代可数名词复数 Don’t take so many.别拿这么多。
much 修饰或指代不可数名词 I lay awake for much of the night.
我大半夜都没睡着。
相同点:(1)都表示“许多”且可以和表示程度的副词so、how等连用。 (2)都可与a lot of/lots of/plenty of互换使用;a lot of/lots of/plenty of既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。 (2)many与much
代词 用法 例句
none 表示(三者或三者以上中)没有一个人或物,其后可接of短语;none of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单复数形式均可;常用来回答由how many引导的特殊疑问句 None of the students is /are afraid of difficulties.学生们都不怕困难。
— How many students are there in the classroom 教室里有多少学生
— None. 一个也没有。
(3)none与no one
代词 用法 例句
no one 表示没有人,其后不可接of短语;no one作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;常用来回答由who引导的特殊疑问句 No one knows what will happen in the future.
没人知道将来会发生什么。
— Who was late today
今天谁迟到了
— No one.谁也没有迟到。
2.复合不定代词
somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody
每个人
someone 某人 anyone 任何人 none 没有人 everyone
每个人
something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 没有东西 everything
每件事
(1)常见的复合不定代词
(2)复合不定代词的常见用法
①复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Nothing is impossible. 一切皆有可能。
②something、somebody、someone用于肯定句或表委婉请求及提建议的疑问句中; anything、anybody、anyone用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中。
③复合不定代词的定语常放到它们的后面,作后置定语。
Would you like something to eat
你想要一些吃的东西吗
Did you meet anyone interesting
你遇到过有趣的人吗
④复合不定代词可以和else连用,但不可以和other连用。
Anything else 还有别的吗
指示代词
考点三
指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。常见的指示代词包括:this这个;that那个;these这些;those那些。
1.指示代词的用法
代词 用法 例句
this/these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的人或物 These are my books.这些是我的书。
指下文要提及的事 Remember this: No pain, no gain.
请记住这句话:不劳则无获。
代词 用法 例句
that/those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或物 Those boxes look heavy.
那些箱子看起来很重。
指前面刚刚提过的事 She was ill. That’s why she didn’t go to school.
她生病了。那就是为什么她没有去上学(的原因)。
注意:打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。 This is Mike speaking. Who’s that 我是迈克。你是谁
2.it、one与that的用法
代词 用法 例句
it 特指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况;代替单数可数名词或不可数名词 The cake is delicious. I like it very much.蛋糕很美味。我很喜欢。
one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类但不是同一个;其复数形式为ones My coat is very old. I’ll buy a new one.我的外套很旧了,我要买一件新的。
that 常用于表示比较的句子中,代替前面出现的名词,以免重复。that指代单数名词或不可数名词,those指代复数可数名词 The weather of Chang chun is colder than that of Shanghai.
长春的天气比上海冷。
图解助记
拓展延伸
it的特殊用法
(1)it作形式主语时, 常用于下列句型中:
①It is/was + adj.(+ for/of sb.)+ to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是/某人做某事是……
②It’s time to do/for sth. 到做某事的时间了。
③It seems/seemed that…看起来……;似乎……
④It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。
⑤It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
(2)it作形式宾语时, 常用在find、 think、 believe等动词后。
I find it hard to do it well.我发现把这件事做好很难。
(3)it的其他用法:
①指代婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.
有人在敲门,请去看看是谁。
②指代时间或季节。
— What time is it 现在几点了
— It’s 7:30. 七点半了。
③指代天气。
— What’s the weather like today 今天天气怎么样
— It’s windy. 有风。
④指代距离。
How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai 北京到上海有多远
疑问代词
考点四
疑问代词通常位于句子开头,用来引导特殊疑问句,并在句中充当某一句子成分,常见的有who、whom、whose、what、which等。具体用法如下:
代词 含义及用法 例句
who “谁”,用于询问人物或身份 Who is your best friend
谁是你最好的朋友
whom “谁”,who的宾格形式,询问人物,作宾语 To whom are you talking
你在和谁交谈
whose “谁的”,询问所属 Whose coat is this
这是谁的外套
代词 含义及用法 例句
what “什么”,询问事物或职业等 — What’s this 这是什么
— It’s a map.这是一张地图。
— What’s your father
你爸爸做什么工作
— He is a police officer.他是一名警察。
which “哪一个,哪一些”,指在一定范围内的人或物 Which one do you like best
你最喜欢哪一个
数据链接 强化练习
3
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. (2023金昌) It’s not my book. It’s _________ (her).
2. The lifelong learners have the ability to teach _________ (they) in different situations and stages.
3. An old friend of _________ (me) is coming to Nanjing to see me soon.
4. (2023兰州) There isn’t _________ (some) milk in the fridge now. Why not buy some online
hers
themselves
mine
any
一
二
三
5. (2022贵阳39题) Reading makes _________ (we) wiser and more learned.
6. The earth is _________ (we) home, so it’s our duty to save and protect it.
7. Everyone is special. There is no need to compare _________ (you) with anybody, my child!
8. My mobile phone is different from _________ (he) in size and color.
9. Now more and more students like to choose online courses and study on _________ (they) own.
10. Hi, everyone, let’s work hard! The future is _________ (we).
us
our
yourself
his
their
ours
一
二
三
二、选择合适的单词完成句子。单词中有一个为多余单词。
11. “History is always surprisingly similar, but ______ does never simply repeat,” Mark Twain said.
12. Whenever I meet trouble, my mother is always trying ______ best to help me out.
13. British people have their own sense of humor. They like to make fun of ____________ .
it
her
themselves
themselves　our　it 　they 　her　we
一
二
三
14. To ________ sadness, dangerous weather caused by climate change has hit the world so far.
15. Since the weather was bad, they put off the trip ________ had planned before.
our
they
themselves　our　it 　they 　her　we
一
二
三
Many people do not like to stay at home on holidays. 16. _________ (them) want to go out to see something different or do something exciting. So people from the country go to the city and people from the city go to the country for 17. _________ (they) holidays. During the holidays, trains, buses and planes are all very busy. 18. _________ (its) is very hard to buy train tickets or air tickets. Many people take cars or buses for traveling.
三、短文填空。
阅读下面短文,在各题空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
They
their
It
一
二
三
Last May Day 19. _______ (I) family went to the country by car for our holiday. There was too much traffic on the road, so we had to move very slowly. It took 20. _______ (we) about an hour to get out of the town. After some time, we came to a farm. It was clean and beautiful. 21. _______ (it) animals were very cute. Seeing all 22. _______ (this) things, we thought it was a nice place for a picnic, so we stopped and took the food, fruit and drinks out of the car. We sat down under a big green tree and began to eat.
my
us
Its
these
一
二
三
Then my father took some photos for 23. (I). We enjoyed 24.__________
(our).
　Suddenly a strong wind blew and soon it started to rain. We had to run back to 25. _________ (we) car and had our picnic in the car. Then we drove back home. What an unforgettable experience!
ourselves
our
一
二
三
专题五 代词
语法知识专练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. It’s not my book. It’s _________ (her).
2. Believe in _________ (you), children, no matter what difficulties you meet with.
3. As a woman of the three astronauts, Liu Yang is working hard by _________ (she) in Shenzhou-14.
hers
yourselves
二
一
herself
4. Reading makes _________ (we) wiser and more learned.
5. Don’t be afraid of asking _________ (you) parents or teachers for help if you are in trouble.
6. Each of us should hold on to our dreams and believe in _________ (we).
7. Everyone believes that _________ (we) team will win the match this weekend.
us
ourselves
your
二
一
our
8. I fell off my bike and hurt _________ (oneself) yesterday.
9. Transportation engineers have a lot to think about. Problem-solving is a big part of _________ (they) jobs.
10. My uncle often listens to soft music to relax _________ (he) after a busy day.
11. The Bund attracts many people with _________ (it) beautiful night view.
their
himself
its 　 　
二
一
myself
12. The twins were helping _________ (they)parents make zongzi for the Dragon Boat Festival.
13. Billy, you should keep _________ (you) calm when in trouble.
14. Sometimes I feel afraid of sailing by _________ (my), but I still enjoy doing it.
15. Children must learn how to protect _________ (they) in an earthquake.
their
yourself
myself 　 　
二
一
themselves 　 　
16. 作为中学生,我们必须珍惜生命,远离毒品。
As middle school students, we must cherish _________ _________ and keep away from drugs.
17. 上星期六,汤姆和玛丽都没有和我们一起去看电影。
_________ Tom _________ Mary went to see the film with us last Saturday.
18. (2023贵阳模拟)从这里走到梵净山的山顶大约要花4小时。
_________ _________ about four hours to walk to the top of the Fanjing Mountain from here.
二、根据中文意思,补全英语译文。(每空限填一词,缩写算一词)
our
二
一
lives
Neither
nor
It
takes
19. 人们发现健康的饮食、足够的锻炼和睡眠有助于保持健康。
People find _________ helpful _________ keep fit through a healthy diet, enough exercise and sleep.
20. 当别人帮助你时说谢谢是很礼貌的。
_________ _________ to say thanks when somebody helps you.
21. 刚才他们告诉我们一些重要的事情。
They told us _________ _________ a moment ago.
22.孩子们应当学会独立做事。
Children should learn to do things _________ _________ .
it
二
一
to
It’s
polite
something
important
by
themselves