课件31张PPT。第三讲 代词和连词代词中考对代词考查的重点有：
1．人称代词和物主代词的用法；
2．it，one(s)，that，those 等代替代词的用法；
3．指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词的用法；
4．部分不定代词的用法，如：some，any，no，all，both，either，neither，none，another，other 等。【热点考向一】 指示代词1.this，these
(1)表示近指。
如：This is my pen.These are my books.这是我的钢笔。这些是我的书。(2)指下文要提到的事。
如：Please remember this: No pains，no gains.请记住这一点：一分耕耘，一分收获。2．that，those
(1)表示远指。
如：That is her ruler.那是她的尺子。
Those are their bikes.那些是他们的自行车。
(2)指上文刚刚提到过的事。
如：He was ill.That was why he didn't come to your party.他生病了。那就是他为什么没有来你的聚会的原因。(3)打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。
如：This is Betty speaking.Who's that? 我是贝蒂。你是谁？
注意：指示代词一般与可数名词连用，而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指不可数名词)。
如：that apple(T); that meat(F)
The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as that in Guangzhou.四川的天气没广州热。例1：I can't find my ticket.I think I must have lost ________.(2014，杭州)
解析：此处指代前面出现过的同一事物“my ticket”，故用“it”。
例2：There are enough cups for each visitor to have ________.(2015，宜宾)
解析：表示同类中的同一个用代词“one”。itone【热点考向二】 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
1．人称代词。(1)主格在句中充当主语。
(2)宾格在句中充当宾语。
如：I help you.You thank me. 我帮助你。你谢谢我。2．物主代词。(1)形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。
(2)名词性物主代词常用来避免重复上文已提到的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。
注意：一变(如：my—mine)；
二留(如：his—his，its—its)；
三加-s(如：your—yours，our—ours，her—hers; their—theirs)。
用法：有名不名，无名是名。
如：This is my(我的) book.This is mine(我的)．3．反身代词：某人自己；亲自。常用短语：
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快
hurt oneself 伤着自己teach oneself＝learn...by oneself 自学
(all) by oneself(完全)独立地
help oneself to 请自便；随便吃……
look after oneself 自理；照顾自己
leave sb.by oneself 把……单独留下
lose oneself in 陶醉于……；沉浸于……例3：Uncle Tom will come to visit ________(我们) next Saturday.(2015，济宁)
解析：“visit”后接宾语，所以要用宾格形式“us”。us例4：I don't like ________(我的) watch.I like ________(你的)．(2015，天津)
解析：考查物主代词，形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词，名词性物主代词常用来重复前面所提到的事物。【热点考向三】 疑问代词，关系代词myyours1.疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
如：What are you doing，Jim? 吉姆，你在干什么？
Whose wallet is this? 这是谁的钱包？
Which bike is yours? 哪辆自行车是你的？
2．关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。
注意：what 不能在定语从句中充当关系代词。
疑问代词和关系代词中的难点：(1)无论是作疑问代词还是关系代词，which 和what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内。
如：Which girls do you like best? 你最喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best? 你最喜欢什么样的姑娘？
(2)whom 是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词或介词的宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you meet in the street? 你在街上遇到了谁？(作动词宾语)
Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这本书带给谁？(作介词宾语，置句首)
For whom are you waiting? 你在等谁？(作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代)例5：The dog ________ played with you just now is ________(我的)．(2015，宜宾)which/thatmine解析：先行词为“dog”，关系代词用“which/that”； “我的”在句中是名词性物主代词，用“mine”。
例6：—________do you like the film American capital 3?
—It's wonderful! I like it very much.(2014，衢州)
解析：how do you like＝what do you think of，意为“你觉得……怎么样”。How【热点考向四】 不定代词
1．普通不定代词。(1)some 与any。
一般情况下，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句、疑问句中。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some。此类句型常以could，would 开头。
(2)many＋可数名词复数/much＋不可数名词＝a lot of ＋可数名词复数/不可数名词。
注意：a lot of 不能用于否定句中。
(3)few，a few，little与a little。如：The story is easy to read.There are few new words in it.这个故事很容易看懂，里面几乎没有新单词。
Hurry up! There is little time left.快点儿，没多少时间了。
(4)other，another与others。如：We study other subjects besides Chinese.除了语文外，我们还学习其他功课。
May I have another apple? 我可以再吃一个苹果吗？
These cups are clean，the others are dirty.这些杯子是干净的，其他的都是脏的。
I have two pens.One is red，the other is blue.我有两支钢笔，一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。
注意：one another(三者以上的)相互。
each other(两者的)相互。
如：We should learn from each other.我们应该相互学习。
They help one another.他们彼此帮助。
(5)两者与三者。注意：①both→否定 neither; all→否定 none。
②both，all 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，且被修饰的词也用复数。
③neither，none 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但被修饰的词用复数。none 还可以用来回答由How many...？引导的特殊疑问句。如：Neither of my parents is a teacher.我的父母都不是老师。
There are many trees on either side of the river.河的任何一边都有很多树。(6)each与every。
两者都意为“每一个”。each 指两者或两者以上的人或事，every指三者或三者以上的人或事。each在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，可与of连用；every 在句中只能作定语，且不能与of 连用。
如：Every student in the class likes English.班里的每个学生都喜欢英语。
Each of the students studies hard.每个学生学习都很努力。2．复合不定代词。注意：①当形容词或else 修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else 须放在复合不定代词后。
如：I want to give you something different to eat.我想给你一些不同的东西吃。②everyone，anyone，no one 只能指人。every one，any one，none 既可指人，也可指物，还可与of 短语连用。
如：Every one of us wants to read the book.我们中的每一个人都想要看这本书。
例7：—We can't do it that way.
—But whether it will work is ________(另外的) matter.(2015，安徽)
解析：表泛指的单数的另一个用“another”。another 例8：—What would you like，tea or coffee?
—________(都不)，thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.(2015，福州)
解析：表示两者都不用“neither”。
例9：There is ________(某事) wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.(2015，长沙)
解析：指物的不定代词用在肯定句中用“something”。Neither something连词 中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见近义连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中考查。【热点考向一】 并列连词
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1．表并列关系的and，both...and，not noly...but also，neither...nor，or，either...or等。
2．表因果关系的for，so 等。
3．表转折关系的but，yet，however等。
例1：Practice more，________ you'll learn English better.(2015，济宁)
解析：根据句意“练得越多，学英语就学得越好”，表并列的连词用“and”。
例2：Going to the movies is good，________ I really only like listening to music.(2015，安徽)
解析：句子的前半部分和后半部分为转折关系，故用转折连词“but”。andbut【热点考向二】 从属连词
从属连词是用于连接各种从句的连词。
1．引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有连接词that，whether，if(是否)，as if; 连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what 等；连接副词有when，where，how，why 等。
2．引导状语从句的从属连词。
(1)引导时间状语从句的有 when，whenever，after，before，while，as，since(自从)，until，as soon as 等。(2)引导原因状语从句的有as，because，since(既然)。
(3)引导地点状语从句的有where，wherever。
(4)引导条件状语从句的有if(如果)，unless，so/as long as(只要)。
(5)引导目的状语从句的有so that(为了)。
(6)引导结果状语从句的有so(such)．..that，so that(结果)。
(7)引导比较状语从句的有as，as...as，not so...as，than。
(8)引导让步状语从句的有although，though，even though。例3：Learning to write is learning to think.You will know things more clearly ________(如果) you write them down.(2015，武威)
解析：“if”引导条件状语从句。
例4：She still failed in the exam，________________ (虽然) she tried her best.(2015，克拉玛依)
解析：“although/though”引导让步状语从句。ifalthough/though课件20张PPT。第三讲 代词和连词一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．I have an elder sister.______(she) name is Mary.
2．—Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?
—Sure.I see it as a chance to prove _______ (I)．
3．_______ (who) wallet is this?
4．I saw the boy ______ (who) you always wanted to see.
5．We have decided to try______ (we) best to raise more money for the local charity.HermyselfWhosewhomour二、根据中文提示填写单词。
6．I knocked on the door but ________(没有人) answered.
7．Do they have ______(一些) food for you?
8．—Look，______________________ (某个人)is dancing under the tree.
—Oh，that's my classmate，Julia.
9．We study_______ (其他) subjects besides English.
10．I have two hats.One is red，_______ (另一个) is black.nobodyanysomebody/someoneotheranother三、根据句意在横线处填入适当的连词。
11．—Our English teacher looks very serious.
—______he is very kind, I think.
12．We didn't start________our head teacher arrived.
13．I was sweeping the floor_______my cousin came into my room.
14．What would you do_____you were a policeman?
15．Please check your homework carefully__________you hand it in.Butuntilwhenifbefore16．____________________they are poor，they are very generous.
17．I had a cold，____I didn't go to school yesterday.
18．It's so cold__________it snowed yesterday.
19．________John_______Tom knows how to spell the word and they decide to ask the teacher for help.
20．She was_____excited______tears came out of her eyes.Although/ThoughsobecauseNeithernorsothat四、在下面短文的空白处填入适当的代词，使短文意思完整、通顺。
A passenger told an air hostess that he needed a cup of water to take medicine when the plane just took off. She told him that she would bring 21._______ the water soon.
Twenty minutes later，when the passenger's ring for service sounded, the air hostess realized 22.____ at once. She was so busy that she forgot to bring 23.______ the water. Therefore, the passenger was held up(延迟)to take 24.______ medicine. She hurried over to him with a cup of water, but 25.______ refused it.himithimhishe In the following hours on the flight, 26.____________ time the air hostess passed the passenger, she would ask 27.______ with a smile whether he needed help or not. But the passenger never paid attention to 28.______ words.
When he was going to get off the plane, the passenger asked the air hostess to hand 29.____ the passengers' booklet(意见簿). She was very sad. She knew that he would write down sharp words, which might make 30.______ lose the job. But with a smile she handed 31.____ to him.each/everyhimherhimherit Later, she opened the booklet, and smiled, because the passenger wrote, “On the flight, you asked 32.______ if I needed help for twelve times in all. How can 33.___ refuse 34.______ twelve sincere smiles？”
That's right! 35.____ was the twelve smiles of the air hostess that touched the passenger deeply and of course she wouldn't lose her job!五、阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Thanksgiving Day was coming.The first grade teacher gave her class a fun assignment(作业)—to draw a picture of __36__ for which they were thankful.meIyourIt Most of the class might be considered poor，but still many would __37__ the holiday with turkey and other traditional food of the season.These，the teacher thought，would be the subject of the most of her students' art.And they were.
__38__ Douglas made a different kind of picture.Douglas was a different kind of boy.As __39__ children played at break，Douglas used to stand close by her side.One could only guess at the pain that Douglas felt behind those sad eyes. Yes，his picture was different.When he was asked to draw a picture of __40__ for which he was thankful，he drew a hand.__41__ else.Just an empty hand.
His abstract(抽象的) picture caught the __42__ of his classmates.__43__ hand could it be？One child guessed it was the hand of a farmer，because farmers __44__ turkeys.Another suggested a police officer，because the police protect and care for people.Still __45__ guessed it was the hand of God，for God feeds us.And so the discussion went on—until the teacher almost forgot the young artist __46__． When the children had gone on to other assignments，she stopped at Douglas' desk，and asked him whose hand it was.The little boy looked away and murmured，“It's __47__，teacher.”
She recalled the times when she had taken his hand and walked with him here or there，as she had the other students.How __48__ she had said，“Take my hand，Douglas，we'll go outside.”Or，“Let me show you how to hold you pencil.”Or，“Let's do this together.”Douglas was very thankful for his teacher's hand.Brushing aside a tear，she went on with her work. The story speaks of more than thankfulness.It says __49__ about teachers teaching and parents parenting and friends showing friendship，and how much it means to Douglas of the world.They might not always say thanks，but they'll remember the hand that __50__ out. （ ）36.A.anything B．something C．nothing D．everything
（ ）37.A.congratulate B．spend C．celebrate D．consider
（ ）38.A.But B．And C．Then D．So
（ ）39.A.others B．other C．the other D．another
BCAB （ ）40.A.nothing B．everything C．something D．anything
（ ）41.A.Nothing B．Everything C．Something D．Anything
（ ）42.A.thought B．description C．respect D．imagination
（ ）43.A.Which B．Who C．Whose D．What
（ ）44.A.raise B．need C．buy D．show
（ ）45.A.others B．other C．the other D．another
（ ）46.A.himself B．itself C．herself D．themselves
（ ）47.A.you B．your C．yours D．yourself
（ ）48.A.much B．many C．often D．long
（ ）49.A.nothing B．everything C．something D．anything
（ ）50.A.moves B．holds C．reaches D．putsCADDAAACCCC六、阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Feeling Left Out?
A reader wrote in to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn't around. Here's our advice to her—and to all kids who feel lonely sometimes.
It's hard when a best friend isn't around—maybe because she moved to a different school or a different class.You may feel lonely at break or lunchtime. Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, there's always room for more friends. Start by looking around your classroom—think about which kids you'd like to play with at a break.Look for chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly.Offer to share something or express your appreciation(欣赏) to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here？” in the lunchroom. When you're at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, can I play, too？” or just join in. If you have trouble doing this or if you're feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends.The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help—and pretty soon, you'll have one, or two, or even more new friends.
You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other you can share something you didn't have before she left: You can introduce her to your new friends! （ ）51．This text is written for __ __．
A．teachers B．parents
C．students D．visitors
（ ）52．According to the writer, some kids feel lonely at break because they __ __．
A．have trouble with their studies
B．don't have their best friends around
C．need their parents to be with them
D．are too young to look after themselvesC B （ ）53．If you want to make friends with some new kids, you should __ __ first.
A．look around and choose the kids you'd like to play with
B．say hi, smile and be friendly to the kids
C．share something or express your appreciation to them
D．invite them to play with you
（ ）54．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to __ __．
A．sharing your ideas B．talking before many people
C．studying better at school D．developing new friendshipAD七、根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
If you lose 12 times in a row, will you just give up? Dale Carnegie, a pioneer in 55.________(公开的) speaking and self-development, kept trying. And he became famous by showing people how to be 56.______________(成功的)．
Carnegie was 57.________(出生) in 1888 in a poor family in the central United States. The boy didn't see a train 58.______(直到) he was 12 years old. In his teens, he had to get up at 3：00 a．m. every day to 59._______(牛奶) the cows in his family.
publicsuccessfulbornuntilmilk When Carnegie first 60.__________(进入)senior high school, he felt hopeless because of his clothes and ordinary looks. His mother encouraged him, “Why not try to be better in other things 61.____________(代替) of dress and good looks？”
Carnegie tried to be more active in his 62.____________________(大学). He joined the debate team. But one after another, he lost 12 meets, which 63._____________(使失望) the young man a lot.
But soon Carnegie was seen practising public speaking on the riverside. His hard work paid off at last. In 1906, Carnegie won a famous 64._________(演讲) contest and became well-known.
The young man made his own words come true. “ Believe that you will succeed, and you will.”enteredinsteadcollege/universitydisappointedspeech
