课件38张PPT。第24讲 代词和连词代 词
中考对代词考查的重点有：
1．人称代词和物主代词的用法；
2．it，one('s)，that，those等作替代词的用法；
3．指示代词，疑问代词，反身代词的用法；
4．不定代词的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等的用法。高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1．人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：注：①人称代词作并列主语时的排列顺序：
单数形式：you and I；you，he and I；
复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。
但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。
②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。2．表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
My books are on the desk.Where is yours?
我的书在桌子上，你的书在哪里？3．反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加-self，复数后加-selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。
具体变化见下表：反身代词的常见搭配：
①enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快
②hurt oneself伤着自己
③teach oneself ＝ learn...by oneself自学
④(all) by oneself (完全)独立地
⑤help oneself to请自便，随便吃……
⑥look after oneself自理，照顾自己
⑦leave one by oneself把……单独留下
⑧lose oneself in陶醉于……，沉浸于……【例1】The Browns had a party with their neighbors yesterday.________ all enjoyed themselves.(2015，兰州)
A．We B．You
C．Them D．They
解析：the Browns意为“布朗一家”，是第三人称复数形式，空缺处所缺的词在句中作主语，要用主格形式。
答案：__D__【例2】 Lucy's strawberries are fresher than ________.(2015，潍坊)
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
解析：由句意可知是把露西的草莓和我的草莓作比较，空格后无名词，故应用名词性物主代词。
答案：__D__
【例3】 —Are Sandy and Kate ________ good friends?
—Yes，they are.Please look after ________.
A．your；their B．your；them
C．yours；theirs D．you；them
解析：第一空要填的词是用来修饰名词friends，故用形容词性物主代词；第二空要填的词是作动词短语look after的宾语，故用宾格代词。
答案：__B__高频考点二 不定代词
1．普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
②many与much
many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。③either与neither
either指两个人或物中的一个；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/neither of＋名词/代词的复数＋谓语动词(第三人称单数形式)；当either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
④both与all
both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用。⑤each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况；修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。
⑥(a) few与(a) little
(a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与可数名词复数连用；(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定，指“几乎没有”，在反意疑问句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相当于some。⑦other，the other，others与another
other作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用在单数或复数名词的前面；the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个，表示特指，常与one连用；others表示泛指，意为“其他的人或物”，常用于“some...，others...”结构中；the others表示特指，意为“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。2．复合不定代词的用法
①在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
③everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。【例4】 We need to go shopping.There is ________ juice left in the fridge.(2016，原创)
A．little B．few C．many D．much
解析：few，many修饰可数名词；little，much修饰不可数名词。果汁为不可数名词，且句意为“冰箱里几乎没有果汁了”，表否定。
答案：__A__
【例5】 I made a call to my parents yesterday，but ________ of them answered it.(2014，泰安)
A．either B．none C．neither D．nobody
解析：由句意“昨天我给父母打电话了，但是他们一个人都没有接”可知，两者都没接。
答案：__C__【例6】 —Is New Zealand a big country?
—No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，________ is South Island.(2016，原创)
A．other B．the other C．another D．others
解析：表示两者中的一个和另外一个，常用“one...，the other...”结构。
答案：__B__【例7】When our teacher heard of the news，he was too angry to say ________.(2015，烟台)
A．everything B．nothing
C．something D．anything
解析：too...to表示否定含义，故排除C；句意为“当我们老师听说这个消息时，他太生气了以至于什么也说不出来”。
答案：__D__【例8】 —Mom，what would you like，coffee or tea?
—________.Just water，please.(2015，温州)
A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None
解析：由答语意思“只来点水就行了”可知，两者都不要。either意为“两者任一”；both意为“两者都”；neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“没有任何人或东西”，用于三者或三者以上的人或物，不能用于两者。
答案：__C__高频考点三 指示代词
指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
①this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
②有时that和those指前面提到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
③有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
④this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?【例9】 —Hello，is that Betty speaking?
—Yes.________.(2016，原创)
A．This is Betty B．I'm Betty
C．You are Betty D．That's Betty
解析：电话用语中用this is...表达“我是……”。
答案：__A__高频考点四 疑问代词、关系代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主语)
What is that？(作表语)
Whose umbrella is this？(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for？(作宾语)疑问代词与关系代词的区别：
①疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
②关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
③无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which books do you like best？你最喜欢哪几本书？
What books do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的书？ ④whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到谁了？
For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？【例10】 I really like the photo of my family ________ my sister took in the city park last year.(2014，绍兴)
A．which B．who C．what D．whom
解析：考查定语从句，先行词the photo指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应该用which。
答案：__A__
【例11】 —________ is that man over there?
—He's my uncle.(2015，随州)
A．What B．Who C．Whose
解析：询问人且在句中作主语。
答案：__B__连 词
中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见近义连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中。高频考点一 并列连词
1．表示平行或承接关系的：and，both...and...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，as well as等；表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示选择关系的：or，either...or...，not...but...；表示因果关系的：for，so等。
2．both...and...连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither...nor...，not only...but also...，either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。【例1】 The train was late，________ we had to wait for half an hour.(2015，徐州)
A．because B．or C．so D．but
解析：“不得不等半个小时”是“火车晚点”的结果。
答案：__C__
【例2】You'd better wake up Tom at 6：30，________ he will be late for the match.(2015，德州)
A．of B．or C．and D．but
解析：由语境可知句意为“你最好在6：30叫醒汤姆，否则他比赛会迟到的”。
答案：__B__【例3】—How do you like the two pairs of shorts?
—They didn't fit me well.They are ________ too long ________ too short.(2016，原创)
A．not only；but also B．both；and
C．neither；nor D．either；or
解析：由答句前半句推知后半句句意为“他们不是太长就是太短”。not only...but also“不但……而且……”；both...and...“两者都”；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”；either...or...“不是……就是……”。
答案：__D__高频考点二 从属连词
从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。
1．引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。2．引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。
特别提示：while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
②引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。
③引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，for，since等。④引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that，such...that等，so修饰形容词或副词。such修饰名词，当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。
⑤引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，however(＝no matter how)，even if/though等。
⑥引导比较状语从句的连词有：as，than，as...as，not so/as...as等。
⑦引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless，as/so long as等。
⑧引导地点状语从句的连词有：where，wherever。【例4】Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower ________ he has breakfast.(2015，温州)
A．though B．before
C．because D．since
解析：由语境可知句意为“史密斯先生吃早饭前有淋浴的习惯”。
答案：__B__
【例5】 I will be very happy ________ you come to my party.(2015，吉林)
A．if B．though C．or
解析：由语境可知句意为“如果你来参加我的聚会，我将会很开心”。
答案：__A__【例6】 He hasn't got any hobbies—________ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015，苏州)
A．while B．unless C．as D．if
解析：while“当……时候”；unless“除非，如果不”；as“当……时，因为”；if“如果”。结合句意，“他没有任何爱好——________你把看电视称为一种爱好”。
答案：__B__【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life ________ he has much money.(2014，孝感)
A．because B．so C．though D．if
解析：由前半句“他的爷爷过着简朴的生活”和后半句“他有很多钱”可知，前后在语意上存在转折关系，故此处应用though引导的让步状语从句。
答案：__C__【例8】Tony never spends money on buying books ________ he doesn't like reading.(2016，原创)
A．but B．because C．though D．until
解析：but“但是”；because“因为”；though“尽管，虽然”；until“直到”。由前半句的意思可知，后半句是讲不花钱买书的原因。
答案：__B__考点跟踪突破24 代词和连词
代 词
1．Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by __D__.(2015，上海)
A．I B．me C．my D．myself
2．It's true that we are not born for __C__．(2015，成都)
A．us B．ours C．ourselves
3．The dog __A__ played with you just now is ________.(2015，宜宾)
A．which；mine B．which；my
C．what；mine D．what；my
4．Bob，can you see the boys over there？__B__ are my cousins.Let's go and say hello to them.(2014，兰州)
A．This B．Those C．That D．These
5．—Would you like __A__ cake?
—Thanks，but I'm full.(2015，龙东)
A．another B．other C．the other
6．I didn't sleep well because __A__ suddenly knocked on the door just now.(2015，葫芦岛)
A．somebody B．nobody
C．anybody D．everybody
7．I bought a smartphone(智能手机)yesterday，and it works well，would you like to buy __C__ like this？(2015，丹东)
A．it B．this C．one D．that
8．—Is there __D__ drink in the fridge?
—Yes，there is.There is ________ coke.(2015，河池)
A．some；any B．any；any
C．some；some D．any；some
9．—We only have one ticket，__D__ of us is able to go to the cinema.
—It's not a big deal.You may go there without ________.(2015，盘锦)
A．all；you B．neither；I
C．both；your D．either；me
10．—Are these your cards?
—No，__C__ are over there.I like ________ very much.(2015，营口)
A．my；them B．mine；they
C．mine；them D．my；they
11．If people have problems，they should not keep them to __C__ and ask for help.(2015，汕尾)
A．ourselves B．yourselves
C．themselves D．itself
12．—How do you like the famous actor，Tong Dawei?
—Wonderful！I like __C__ very much.(2015，荆州)
A．he B．his C．him D．himself
13．—What's in your box?
—There is __D__ in it.It's empty.(2015，贵港)
A．everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
14．My friend and I are interested in drawing，but __A__ of us is good at it.(2015，孝感)
A．neither B．both C．none D．all
15．—What would you like，tea or coffee？(2015，福州)
—__B__，thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.
A．Both B． Neither C．Either
16．When we got to the park yesterday，__B__ started raining.(2015，菏泽)
A．that B．it C．this
17．We can't do it that way—but whether it will work is __B__ matter.(2015，安徽)
A．other B．another C．each D．every
18．Good books are like wise friends，because __A__ support you to walk forward and help you understand the world.(2015，临沂)
A．they B．their C．them D．themselves
19．Everyone likes my father because __C__ is friendly.(2015，山西)
A．his B．him C．he D．himself
20．—Is __C__ true that people in Baise eat Lichi every day?
—No，that's not true，but it is a very popular fruit there.(2015，百色)
A．something B．anything
C．it D．this
21．Jimmy can't buy anything now because he has __A__ money on him.(2015，北海)
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
22．—Can I join the English club?
—Sure.Please show __D__ your school ID card.(2015，贺州)
A．I B．my C．mine D．me
23．Our teacher was very happy because __B__ failed the examination.(2015，江西)
A．somebody B．nobody
C．anybody D．everybody
24．—Do you know Lily and Lucy?
—Yes，but the twins look so similar that I always mistake the one for __A__．(2015，营口)
A．the other B．the others
C．another D．other
25．—The East Lake is not far from the Yellow Crane Tower，so you can easily visit __B__ in a day.
—Fantastic！I can't wait for it.(2015，武汉)
A．none B．both C．all D．either
连 词
1．Although he's over 70，__D__ he is full of energy.(2015，南充)
A．but B．and C．so D．/
2．Get up quickly，Bill, __C__ you'll be late for school.(2015，贺州)
A．and B．but C．or D．yet
3．The teacher asked me to read aloud __B__ all the students could hear me.(2014，滨州)
A．for B．so that
C．because D．in order to
4．My sister was writing an e-mail __C__ I was watching TV at this time yesterday.(2015，北海)
A．until B．after C．while D．as soon as
5．Your dream won't come true __B__ you know what your dream is.(2015，百色)
A．after B．unless C．because D．though
6．My brother knows little Japanese，__A__ he can't understand the instructions of his camera.(2015，百色)
A．so B．or C．but D．and
7．I was very exciting __B__ I heard the news that the high?speed rail would be built from Guangzhou to Xiamen.(2015，梅州)
A．after B．when C．until D．while
8．Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower __B__ he has breakfast.(2015，温州)
A．though B．before C．because D．since
9. __C__ you smile at others，they will smile back.(2015，山西)
A．Before B．Until C．When D．Though
10．—Excuse me，may I come in?
—Not yet.Please wait on your chair __B__ your name is called.(2015，呼和浩特)
A．and B．until C．after D．since
11．You must make sure your tea is not too hot __A__ you drink it.(2015，沈阳)
A．before B．after C．since D．while
12．You'd better take care，__C__ you will hurt your eyes.(2015，重庆)
A．so B．but C．or D．and
13．Tourists can choose to visit Kunming __C__ they like—spring，summer，autumn and winter.(2015，昆明)
A．whoever B．whatever
C．whenever D．wherever
14．There will be less pollution __D__ more people use public transportation.(2015，江西)
A．but B．though C．unless D．if
15．He hasn't got any hobbies— __B__ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015，苏州)
A．while B．unless C．as D．if
16．—I won't get good grades __C__ I study hard.
—That's ________ everyone is trying his best to prepare for the exam.(2015，龙东)
A．until；why B．unless；when
C．unless；why
17．__A__ electronic textbooks are changing the way they read，most of the students still like reading in the library.(2015，盘锦)
A．Though B．If C．So D．Because
18．__A__ Mike didn't win the race，he was still wearing a smile on his face.(2015，上海)
A．Although B．Since
C．If D．Because
19．China's Got Talent is __C__ interesting ________ many people like watching it.(2015，孝感)
A．too；to B．enough；to
C．so；that D．such；that
20．—I hear Tom is leaving.
—__B__ why？(2015，武汉)
A．And B．But C．Or D．So
21．—What's the secret of success，Dad?
—More time and effort，__D__ you'll make it some day.(2015，鄂州)
A．or B．then C．but D．and
22．__B__ we keep our hearts open，we can experience the happiness friendship brings us.(2015，河南)
A．Since B．If C．Unless D．Though
23．I really enjoyed your speech，__C__ there were some parts I didn't quite understand.(2015，营口)
A．because B．unless C．though D．after
24．A Spring Morning is my favorite poem __B__ its words are beautiful and I can feel the sense of spring in it.(2015，山西)
A．until B．because C．though
25．—We will certainly enter a good high school __B__ we work hard.(2014，鄂州)
—Yes.Our dream will come true by working hard.
A．as soon as B．as long as
C．as far as D．even if
