课件44张PPT。陕西省英语第24讲 代词和连词代 词【陕西2011～2015年中考考情分析与复习指南】 由上表分析可知，陕西近五年对反身代词、不定代词和人称代词都有考查。反身代词只要找到句子中的人称及其单复数，就可选出答案；不定代词要掌握每个不定代词的用法和理解语句的意思，即可寻找到正确答案；人称代词相对其他代词简单一点，但一定要搞清楚在句中充当的是主语、宾语还是定语成分。
预计2016年陕西中考试卷中的单项选择、完形填空和短文填空中可能会涉及与代词相关的知识点的考查。高频考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1．人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：注：?人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数形式：you and I；you，he and I；复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。
?及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。2．表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
My books are on the desk.Where is yours?
我的书在桌子上，你的书在哪里？3．反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加-self，复数后加-selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。
具体变化见下表：反身代词的常见搭配：
①enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快
②hurt oneself伤着自己
③teach oneself ＝ learn...by oneself自学
④(all) by oneself (完全)独立地
⑤help oneself to请自便，随便吃……
⑥look after oneself自理，照顾自己
⑦leave one by oneself把……单独留下
⑧lose oneself in陶醉于……，沉浸于……【例1】The Browns had a party with their neighbors yesterday.________ all enjoyed themselves.(2015，兰州)
A．We B．You C．Them D．They
解析：the Browns意为“布朗一家”，是第三人称复数形式，空缺处所缺的词在句中作主语，要用主格形式。
答案：__D__【例2】 Lucy's strawberries are fresher than ________.(2015，潍坊)
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
解析：由句意可知是把露西的草莓和我的草莓作比较，空格后无名词，故应用名词性物主代词。
答案：__D__【例3】 —Are Sandy and Kate ________ good friends?
—Yes，they are.Please look after ________.(2015，凤翔模拟)
A．your；their B．your；them
C．yours；theirs D．you；them
解析：第一空要填的词是用来修饰名词friends，故用形容词性物主代词；第二空要填的词是作动词短语look after的宾语，故用宾格代词。
答案：__B__高频考点二 不定代词
1．普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
②many与much
many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。③either与neither
either指两个人或物中的一个；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/neither of＋名词/代词的复数＋谓语动词(第三人称单数形式)；当either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
④both与all
both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用。⑤each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况；修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。
⑥(a) few与(a) little
(a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与可数名词复数连用；(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定，指“几乎没有”，在反意疑问句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相当于some。⑦other，the other，others与another
other作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用在单数或复数名词的前面；the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个，表示特指，常与one连用；others表示泛指，意为“其他的人或物”，常用于“some...，others...”结构中；the others表示特指，意为“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。2．复合不定代词的用法
①在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
③everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。【例4】 We need to go shopping.There is ________ juice left in the fridge.(2016，原创)
A．little B．few C．many D．much
解析：few，many修饰可数名词；little，much修饰不可数名词。果汁为不可数名词，且句意为“冰箱里几乎没有果汁了”，表否定。
答案：__A__【例5】 I made a call to my parents yesterday，but ________ of them answered it.(2015，延安模拟)
A．either B．none C．neither D．nobody
解析：由句意“昨天我给父母打电话了，但是他们一个人都没有接”可知，两者都没接。
答案：__C__【例6】 —Is New Zealand a big country?
—No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，________ is South Island.(2016，预测)
A．other B．the other C．another D．others
解析：表示两者中的一个和另外一个，常用“one...，the other...”结构。
答案：__B__【例7】When our teacher heard of the news，he was too angry to say ________.(2015，烟台)
A．everything B．nothing
C．something D．anything
解析：too...to表示否定含义，故排除C；句意为“当我们老师听说这个消息时，他太生气了以至于什么也说不出来。”
答案：__D__【例8】 —Mom，what would you like，coffee or tea?
—________.Just water，please.(2015，温州)
A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None
解析：由答语意思“只来点水就行了”可知，两者都不要。either意为“两者任一”；both意为“两者都”；neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“没有任何人或东西”，用于三者或三者以上的人或物，不能用于两者。
答案：__C__高频考点三 指示代词
指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
①this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
②有时that和those指前面提到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
③有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
④this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?【例9】 —Hello，is that Betty speaking?
—Yes.________.(2016，原创)
A．This is Betty B．I'm Betty
C．You are Betty D．That's Betty
解析：电话用语中用this is...表达“我是……”。
答案：__A__高频考点四 疑问代词、关系代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主语)
What is that？(作表语)
Whose umbrella is this？(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for？(作宾语)疑问代词与关系代词的区别：
①疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
②关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。
③无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which books do you like best？你最喜欢哪几本书？
What books do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的书？ ④whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到谁了？
For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？
【例10】 I really like the photo of my family ________ my sister took in the city park last year.(2015，户县模拟)
A．which B．who C．what D．whom
解析：考查定语从句，先行词the photo指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应该用which。
答案：__A__【例11】 —________ is that man over there?
—He's my uncle.(2015，随州)
A．What B．Who C．Whose
解析：询问人且在句中作主语。
答案：__B__【陕西2011～2015年中考考情分析与复习指南】连 词由上表分析可知，陕西近五年对连词的考查还是比较常见的，主要是围绕并列连词和从属连词来考查，2013、2014年涉及并列连词题目属于同一类型，足以可见这块是重点也是难点；从属连词相比并列连词更多更复杂，且难度稍大，所以在复习时对从属连词应予以重视。
预计2016年中考题中将继续考查连词，不过命题方式更趋向于在具体的语境中答题，对考生的语言实际运用能力要求较高。故考生应学会在具体的语言环境中提高阅读和理解能力。高频考点一 并列连词
1．表示平行或承接关系的：and，both...and...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，as well as等；表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示选择关系的：or，either...or...，not...but...；表示因果关系的：for，so等。
2．both...and...连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither...nor...，not only...but also...，either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。【例1】 The train was late，________ we had to wait for half an hour.(2015，徐州)
A．because B．or C．so D．but
解析：“不得不等半个小时”是“火车晚点”的结果。
答案：__C__
【例2】You'd better wake up Tom at 6：30，________ he will be late for the match.(2015，德州)
A．of B．or C．and D．but
解析：由语境可知句意为“你最好在6：30叫醒汤姆，否则他比赛会迟到的。”
答案：__B__【例3】—How do you like the two pairs of shorts?
—They didn't fit me well.They are ________ too long ________ too short.(2016，预测)
A．not only；but also B．both；and
C．neither；nor D．either；or
解析：由答句前半句推知后半句句意为“他们不是太长就是太短”。not only...but also“不但……而且……”；both...and...“两者都”；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”；either...or...“不是……就是……”。
答案：__D__高频考点二 从属连词
从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。
1．引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。2．引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。
特别提示：while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
②引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。
③引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，for，since等。④引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that，such...that等，so修饰形容词或副词。such修饰名词，当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。
⑤引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，however(＝no matter how)，even if/though等。
⑥引导比较状语从句的连词有：as，than，as...as，not so/as...as等。
⑦引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless，as/so long as等。
⑧引导地点状语从句的连词有：where，wherever。高频考点二 序数词
1．序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词＋th”构成。如：six→sixth，seven→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数词，先将y改为i，再加-eth。如：fifty→fiftieth，seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数词，将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词，其他的位数仍用基数词。如：
twenty-one→twenty-first，thirty-two→thirty-second，two hundred and ninety-eight→two hundred and ninety-eighth等。【例4】Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower ________ he has breakfast.(2015，温州)
A．though B．before
C．because D．since
解析：由语境可知句意为“史密斯先生吃早饭前有淋浴的习惯。”
答案：__B__【例5】 I will be very happy ________ you come to my party.(2015，吉林)
A．if B．though C．or
解析：由语境可知句意为“如果你来参加我的聚会，我将会很开心。”
答案：__A__【例6】 He hasn't got any hobbies—________ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015，苏州)
A．while B．unless C．as D．if
解析：while“当……时候”；unless“除非，如果不”；as“当……时，因为”；if“如果”。结合句意，“他没有任何爱好——________你把看电视称为一种爱好。”
答案：__B__【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life ________ he has much money.(2014，孝感)
A．because B．so C．though D．if
解析：由前半句“他的爷爷过着简朴的生活”和后半句“他有很多钱”可知，前后在语意上存在转折关系，故此处应用though引导的让步状语从句。
答案：__C__【例8】Tony never spends money on buying books ________ he doesn't like reading.(2016，原创)
A．but B．because C．though D．until
解析：but“但是”；because“因为”；though“尽管，虽然”；until“直到”。由前半句的意思可知，后半句是原因。
答案：__B__考点跟踪突破24 代词和连词
代词
1．Good books are like wise friends，because __A__ support you to walk forward and help you understand the world.(2015，临沂)
A．they B．their C．them D．themselves
2．My mother used to make breakfast for __D__ every morning，but now I do it myself.(2015，重庆)
A．mine B．my C．I D．me
3．—Who will come to help us？(2015，黄石)
—Nobody.We have to depend on __A__．
A．ourselves B．we C．us D．our
4．—Whose iPhone 6 is it？(2015，子长模拟)
—__C__．I'm looking for it here and there.
A．I B．Me C．Mine D．Myself
5．I don't like __D__ watch.I like ________.(2015，天津)
A．me；your B．my；your
C．me；yours D．my；yours
6．—Bill，is that your sister's pet dog?
—No，__C__ is white.(2015，宜川模拟)
A．she B．her C．hers D．his
7．In China，many people often take __B__ own bags when shopping.(2015，大连)
A．they B．their C．them D．theirs
8．—Which way do you prefer，reading online or reading on paper?
—__A__．Sometimes I read online，sometimes I read on paper.(2015，太白模拟)
A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither
9．—Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing？(2015，白水模拟)
—__C__！He learned singing by himself.
A．Everybody B．Somebody
C．Nobody D．Anybody
10．—Wow，so many new buildings！But it used to be a poor village.(2015，盐城)
—Yes.__C__ has changed in our hometown.
A．Nothing B．Nobody
C．Everything D．Everybody
11．My friend and I are interested in drawing，but __A__ of us is good at it.(2015，孝感)
A．neither B．both C．none D．all
12．—Welcome to Dream Music Club.Can you play the violin or the piano?
—__C__．But I can play the guitar.(2015，厦门)
A．Either B．Both C．Neither
13．I bought a smartphone yesterday，and it works well.Would you like to buy __C__ like this？(2015，周至模拟)
A．it B．this C．one D．that
14．How dangerous！You're driving the car with one hand and sending a message on WeChat with __A__．(2015，扶风模拟)
A．the other B．another
C．other D．others
15．I didn't sleep well because __A__ suddenly knocked on the door just now.(2015，甘泉模拟)
A．somebody B．nobody
C．anybody D．everybody
16．Mike，would you like __A__ to drink？(2015，眉山模拟)
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
17．At present，children mean __A__ to most parents in China.
A．everything B．nothing
C．anything D．something
18．—We only have one ticket，__D__ of us is able to go to the cinema.
—It's not a big deal.You may go there without ________.(2015，盘锦)
A．all；you B．neither；I
C．both；your D．either；me
19．—Who is that speaking?
—__D__ Mike speaking.(2015，眉山)
A．I'm B．My name is
C．That is D．This is
20．I'm busy now.I have __B__ to do.(2015，黔西南州)
A．anything important B．something important
C．important anything D．important something
21．—Do you know __B__ our Chinese National Symbol of Day (国家公祭日) is？(2015，荆门)
—Yes，it's on December 13th.It's in memory of the people ________ were killed in Nanjing Massacre.
A．whether；that B．when；who
C．how；which D．why；that
22．The stone bridge __A__ was built in Song Dynasty was repaired last month.(2015，青海)
A．that B．when C．where
连词
1．—Look！Some people are running the red lights.
—We should wait __A__ others are breaking the rule.(2015，临渭模拟)
A．although B．if C．unless D．because
2．You'd better take care，__C__ you will hurt your eyes.(2015，重庆)
A．so B．but C．or D．and
3．Don't go out __D__ the rain stops.Otherwise，you'll get ill.(2015，盐城)
A．after B．since C．when D．until
4．WeChat (微信) is very popular.__C__ the young ________ the old are getting interested in it.(2015，云南)
A．Neither；nor B．Either；or
C．Not only；but also D．Between；and
5．Be quiet，my kids，__C__ you will have to stay outside，because this is a library.(2015，黄石)
A．and B．because C．or D．but
6．__A__ I live in a safe community，I still feel a little worried when I go out at night.(2015，神木模拟)
A．Although B．Since C．Until D．Because
7．—This is between you and me.
—I promise.I won't tell others __A__ you say I can.(2015，扬州)
A．unless B．or C．since D．and
8．—I won't get good grades __C__ I study hard.
—That's ________ everyone is trying his best to prepare for the exam.(2015，靖边模拟)
A．until；why B．unless；when
C．unless；why D．until；when
9．—Kangkang，how can I learn English well?
—You should __C__ do more reading ________ practice listening.(2015，汉滨模拟)
A．neither；nor B．either；or
C．not only；but also D．not；but
10．Wu Yi will help with the housework __C__ he gets home after school.(2015，户县模拟)
A．since B．while
C．as soon as D．so
11．Although he's over 70，__D__ he is full of energy.(2015，南充)
A．but B．and C．so D．/
12．The train was late，__C__ we had to wait for half an hour.(2015，泸州)
A．because B．or C．so D．but
13．Some people won't realize the importance of their health __B__ they have lost it.(2015，山阳模拟)
A．when B．until C．after D．because
14．__A__ electronic textbooks are changing the way they read，most of the students still like reading in the library.(2015，盘锦)
A．Though B．If C．So D．Because
15．Tourists can choose to visit Kunming __C__ they like—spring，summer，autumn and winter.(2015，昆明)
A．whoever B．whatever
C．whenever D．wherever
16．__B__ the dinner was all over，everyone helped wash the dishes.(2015，天津)
A．How B．When C．Before D．Why
17．—I really enjoy Chinese food！(2015，临潼模拟)
—Me，too.My mouth was watering __A__ I watched the TV program A Bite of China.
A．when B．before C．since D．after
18．Your dream will come true __A__ you put your heart and soul into it.(2014，泰安)
A．if B．unless C．although D．until
19．—Which of the two magazines will you take?
—I'll take __D__ though I find ________ of them are very useful to me.(2014，黄冈)
A．all；both B．either；either
C．either；neither D．either；both
20．Diana isn't here，__B__ leave a message on her desk.(2014，河北)
A．or B．so C．and D．but
21．You can't improve your spoken English __B__ you practice it every day from now on.(2014，襄阳)
A．as soon as B．unless
C．if D．since
22．He's not a perfect child.He sometimes talks back __C__ his parents talk with him.(2014，河南)
A．if B．before C．when D．until
23．__C__ we deal with our problems，we can easily become unhappy.(2014，十堰)
A．Until B．If
C．Unless D．Though
24．The girl is __A__ a nice girl ________ we all want to help her.
A．such；that B．too；to
C．so；that D．very；that
25．Hurry up，Jim.We have to get to the station before 10：45 __A__ we can catch the 11：00 train.
A．so that B．as soon as
C．after D．since
