Unit 1 What’s the matter?（4课时学案）

Unit 1. what’s the matter
Period1 SectionA 1a-2d
【教学目标】
知识与技能
（1）熟练掌握下列词汇：
matter, sore, stomac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hache, foot, neck, stomach, throat, fever, lie, rest, cough, X-ray, toothache, headache, break, hurt
（2）熟练掌握下列短语：
have a fever, have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cold, have a stomachache, take breaks/take a break
in the same way go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to a doctor. lie down, take one’s temperature，see a dentist
（3）掌握下列句型：
What’s the ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter I have a cold. I have a stomachache. I have a sore back. I have a sore throat.
过程与方法
短语图片搭配，听力练习，做对话，role-play
情感、态度与价值观
教会学生关心他人，培养同学间团结、友善的精神
【教学重难点】
重点：
能询问并表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议。
难点：
能询问并表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议。
【导学过程】
一．新课预习
1、自己认读1a单词，与画面中字母匹配，并在自己的身体上指认人体部位。
2、对照单词表翻译1a画面上的句子，并读熟。
3、读2d部分的roly-play
4、自学检测
把你所知道的身体部位的单词写下来，并写出其相应的中文意思。
__eye_ __眼睛_ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
have a cold的意思是“感冒，着凉”为固定词组，have 表示生…病，解释下列词组的意思。
have a sore throat _________ have a sore neck ___________
have a fever ____________ have a headache ____________
have a stomachache ________ have a toothache __________
二. 情景导入
Greet the whole class as usual.
T: What’s the dat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e today / What day is it today / How’s the weather / How was your weekend /What do you usually do on weekends / Do you like exercising / How often do you exercise / That’s great! To do exercise can keep us healthy, but if we don’t pay attention to our health, there will be something wrong with our body. Now , look at these people. Learn some new words.
三．合作探究
1. Learn 1a on pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge 1. Look at the picture. Write the correct letter.
arm, back, ear, eye, foot…
2. 1b Listen and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )look at the picture, then number the names .
Nancy Sarah David…
3. Practice the conversations.
What’s the matter with… She talked too much yesterday.
4. Listen and number the pictures on page 2.
5. Listen again and then match.
四．点拨总结
1、What’s the matter 怎么 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了，其后常与介词with 连用。类似的问句还有_________________________ _________________________
What’s the matter with Ben （改为同义句）What’s _______ with Jim
2、情态动词should的用法
1)should 常用来表示劝告、建议、认为某人应该做某事。
2)should 本身不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。should 没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为shouldn’t.
如：We__________ study hard.我们应该努力学习。
You_________ play computer games.你不应该玩电脑游戏。
He ________ lie down and rest. 他应该躺下来休息。
3.You should drink some hot tea with honey.
(1) with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )做介词，意为“有，带有”表示某物带有或具有某种特征。介词短语with honey做hot tea 的后置定语。例：a tall girl with long curly hair.
（2）with还有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“和某人某物在一起”，表示伴随。例：I like to talk with my friends. with还有“用……”表示使用“某种工具、手段等”
例：Cut it with a kni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fe/wirte with a pen/with the help of……或with one’s help with还有“关于……对于……”表示 “关系和适应范围” 例：be angry with
五．训练评价
一、翻译以下短语：
1、感冒 ______________________ 2、背疼 _________________________
3、发烧 ______________________ 4、量体温 ________________________
5、腹痛 ______________________ 6、嗓子疼 ________________________
7、牙疼 ______________________ 8、上点药 ________________________
9、去看医生 ______________________ ___________________________
10、躺下来休息______________________ 11、头疼 _____________________
12、看牙医 _____________________ 13、照X光片____________________
14、喝些加蜂蜜的热茶 ________________________
二、完成句子：
1、你怎么了？ What’s the matter _____ you
2、他怎么了？ What’s the matter _____ _____
3、她昨天感冒了。She _____ a cold yesterday.
4、Mary咳嗽。Mary ______.
5、我觉得头很热。My head ______ very _____.
6、你应该回家休息。__________________________________.
7、她不应该说太多话。________________________________.
8、你弟弟应该早点睡觉。__________________________________.
9、--他应该量体温吗？_________________________________
--是的。_____,____________.
10、你看起来不太好。_____________________.
三、单项选择。
( )①What’s ____ with you
A. trouble B. the matter C. the wrong D. matter
( )② — ______
— Nothing serious, but a bit tired.
—Better have a rest now, dear.
A. Is that all B. Is there anything else
C. What’s this D. What’s the matter with you
( )③【2013湖北孝感】—_________
— I have a headache and I don’t feel like eating anything.
A. How are you B. What can I do for you
C. What’s the matter with you D. How do you like it
( )④【2011．云南昆明】27. —What’s the matter with Tina
—_______________.
A. She is away. B. She is cool.
C. She has a sore throat. D. She should take some medicine
六．学习反思
开心 ，我学会了：
1.
2.
3.
加油 ，这些我还不懂：
1.
2.
3.
Unit 1. what’s the matter
Period2 SectionA 3a-4c
【教学目标】
知识与技能
（1）熟练掌握下列词汇：
passenger, trouble, hit, herself,
（2）熟练掌握下列短语：
hurt oneself， have a sore throat ， put some medicine on… ，
take one’s temperat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ure ，get off, to one’s surprise, right away, get into,
see sb doing sth, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thanks to, Fall down ，lie down， save a life, think about, in time,
wait for, take …to…, tell …to do …
（3）掌握下列句型：
Are you OK Do you have a fever Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.
What should she do She should take her temperature.
Should I put some me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dicine on it Yes, you should. /No, you shouldn’t.
What’s the matter with …
She should put some medicine on the cut.
She should lie down and rest.
过程与方法
阅读理解，语法练习
情感、态度与价值观
培养学生主动救助处于危险境地的人的精神，在紧急关头，有勇气做出正确的决定。
【教学重难点】
重点：
Master the skills of reading.
Master the important phrases.
难点：
Having the right attitude of helping others
【导学过程】
一．新课预习
短语翻译：
1、 休息 ____________ __________2、没有移动 _______________
3、以相同的方式 _________________ 4、听起来像_____________
5、割伤自己 ____________________ 6、让自己受伤____________________
7、在伤口上敷点药________________________ 8、跌倒__________________
完成下列句子。
1、你还好吗？ Are you _____ 2、我该怎么办？ _____ should I _____
3、我应该量体温吗？ Should I _____ ____ ________________
4、我头疼。 I have ___ ________________.
5、你周末做什么了 What_____ you_____ on the _________
6、你应该离开电脑休息一下。You need to _____ ________ ______ _______
the computer.
7、我认为你应该躺下来休息。I think you should ______ ______ and rest.
二. 情景导入
T: present a picture。 Ss look at the picture. Can you guess:
1. What happened to the old man
2. Whether the driver will save the old man
老师可以鼓励学生多说，提高学生的口语
三．合作探究
1.复习一般过去时态，并带领学生复习常见动词的过式。
see run get say know stop save ….
2 .学生自己阅读教材3页的文章，说出本篇文章的大概内容。
3. 在学生熟读课文后，带领学生一起 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分析文章中出现的短语、语法点以及句型。 see sb doing sth, get off, without doing sth, in time, think about, thanks to, wait for, agree to… 本篇文章内容是当今社会议论广泛的话题，即在路上遇到有人摔倒要不要过去帮忙，要正确引导学生。
4 .Read the passage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) again and check the things that happened in the story on page 3.
5、组内熟读Grammar Focus, 并演练对话。
6、独立完成4a、4b，小组内互相检查，解决疑难。
hurt oneself What should I do
You should see a doctor and get an X-ray.
7、共同划出你们认为重要的短语、句子，写在小黑板上。
8、总结各种疾病以及相对应的建议，准备4c的活动。
四．点拨总结
用have来回答健康问题
（1）have a cold 中have意为“患、得（病）”
（2）have意为“拥有”之意时，无进行时。
（3）have做“进行、举行” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解，表示“举行某一活动”例：We will have a big party on New Year’s Day.
（4）have做“吃、喝”解，可指吃三餐饭或具体食物。例：I have tomatoes for lunch.
（5）have做“上……课”解，例：How many classes do you have on weekdays
五．训练评价
单项选择。
1、( )【2012曲靖中考】I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )didn’t sleep well last night, because I _____ a toothache .
A. was B. went C. had D. took
2、( )【2013山东莱芜】—Tony, What’s ___ matter with you
— I have _____ toothache.
A. a; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
3、( ) Mr. Smith eats ______ food, so he’s _____ fat.
A .much too; too much B .too many; much too
C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too
4、( )【2013孝感】—Why are you so tired these days
—Well, I have ________ homework to do.
A. too much B. too many C . much too D. many too
5、( ) You ____ be quiet when you are in the reading room.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. can D. can’t
6、( )【2013安徽】You _____ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.
A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mightn’t
7、( ) David needs ______ a good rest.
A. has B. to have C. have D .to has
8、( )【2013连云港】30. — ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I'd like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie — I prefer coffee ________ sugar.
A. than B. for C. with D. to
9、( ) The boy isn’t ___ to dress himself.
A. old enough B. enough old C. old D.too old
10、( ) — I’m sorry to break your pen. —_______
A. That’s right B. It doesn’t matter
C. Thank you D.You are welcome
六．学习反思
开心 ，我学会了：
1.
2.
3.
加油 ，这些我还不懂：
1.
2.
3.
Unit 1. what’s the matter
Period3 SectionB 1a-1d
【教学目标】
知识与技能
（1）熟练掌握下列词汇：
bandage sick ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) knee nosebleed hurt hit breathing sunburned ourselves
（2）熟练掌握下列短语：
get sunburned feel sick get hit on the head put a bandage on…
put one’s head back put on a clean shirt have a nosebleed
（3）掌握下列句型：
What’s the matter w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith… What should I/ you/ he/ she/they… do
I/ you/ he/ she/the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y should do… I have a headache/stomachache/toothache.
Does she/he/ have a fever/cold/toothache…
过程与方法
图片和短语搭配，听力练习，role-play
情感、态度与价值观
引导学生正确面对生活中遇到的困难，爱惜身体，坚持锻炼。
【教学重难点】
重点：
Should的用法
难点：
教材中出现的词组的掌握以及对听力材料的理解。
【导学过程】
一．新课预习
because of _________ get out of_________ 伤着自己_________
用绷带包扎_____________ 感到恶心_________ 迷路________
get hurt________ 流鼻血_____________ cut his knee ________
把她的头向后仰__________ 呼吸困难____________________
放在水下冲洗_____________生病住院___________
被一个球击中_______________
二. 情景导入
Have you ever hurt What were they What would you do
Work in groups and discuss how to keep ourselves healthy.
Should
Shouldn’t
三．合作探究
1.浏览Page10上1a中的图片，完成1a的要求。
2.小组讨论自学结果并一起朗读它们。（老师可通过邀请学生表演这四种情况来检测学生对1a的掌握情况）
3.浏览1b中的图片并完成1b的要求。
4.小组讨论自学所填结果并在小组中比赛看谁背得最准最快。
5.1c,听力练习
6.1d,role-play.
四．点拨总结
☆在英语中，表示“疼痛”或“不舒服”常用的有ache, sore, pain, hurt等。其用法总结如下：
（1）“主语 +have/has +病症”例：Joe has a bad cold. /Joe has a high cold
（2）“主语+have/has +a+s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore+发病部位”例：Joe has a sore throat /bake. X K b1 .C o m
（3）“主语+have/has +a+部位ache”
例：Joe has a toothache/stomachache/backache/headache.
（4）“部位+hurt(s)”表达某一具体位置的疼痛hurt是动词，意为“疼，痛”其过去式仍为hurt
例：Joe has a toothache/stomachache/backache/headache.
（5）“ (there is)something wrong with+one’s+部位”
例：I can’t see anything ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).I think there must be something wrong with my eyes. Advice的用法：
☆(1)advice “建议、忠告、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )劝告”不可数【u】 a piece of advice 一条建议 ask sb for advice 征求某人的建议 give sb some advice 给某人一些建议 take one’s advice 接受某人的建议
Can you give a piec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of advice /He often gives us some good advice./You should take his advice. (2)advise “建议、劝告”为动词,advise sb of sth 把某事通知某人/I advise you to leave now.
☆should为情态动词，意为“应该”， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否定式为shouldn’t，表示建议，要求。其后加动词原形，且无人称和数的变化。You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.情态动词有词义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，表明说话者对所要表达意思的态度和看法最重要的是，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后必须跟动词原形。变为否定句时，直接在情态动词后加not.常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, should, will, would, shall等
五．训练评价
一、根据首字母和句意补全单词。
1.She is tired, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he should go to bed early, she s______ go to the party.
2.Would you please get me some water I’m a little t______.
3.I'm t________, I would like something to drink.
4.When you are s__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ out, you should listen to some music to relax. You shouldn’t study .
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.He ______(have) a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) headache last week. But now he is ____(feel)better.
2.I’m too ________(stress) out, let me listen to some music now.
三、选择下列每组句子的正确语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )序，使其组成符合逻辑的对话。
①Is it anything serious
②My head hurts. I feel terrible.
③Please sit down. Let me have a look at you.
④What's wrong with you, young man
⑤No, nothing serious. Take this medicine and you can be better soon.
A. ①②④③⑤ B. ④②③①⑤ C. ③④②①⑤ D. ④②①③⑤
【拓展练习】
选择填空。
1.How are you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ---I’m feeling ______.A. good B. well C. better D. fun
2. _____ did the headache start --- About two hours ago.
A. When B. What C. where D. How
3. I can’t sleep, so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I _____ listen to quiet music, and I ______ listen to exciting music.
A. should; should B. shouldn’t; shouldn’t C. should; shouldn’t D. can; don’t
4 —What do you think of their _______
—Terrific!
A、advices B. advice C. suggestiones D. suggest.
六．学习反思
开心 ，我学会了：
1.
2.
3.
加油 ，这些我还不懂：
1.
2.
3.
Unit 1. what’s the matter
Period4 SectionB 2a-selfcheck
【教学目标】
知识与技能
（1）熟练掌握下列词汇：
risk accident situat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion kilo rock knife blood importance decision control spirit death
（2）熟练掌握下列短语：
be used to doi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng take risks cut off use sth to do sth the importance of
make a good decision have the same spirit be in control of
（3）掌握下列句型：
文中出现的定语从句，时间状语从句等
1、an American man who is interested in mountain climbing
2、 As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.
3、 Aron’s arm wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s caught under a 2,000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.
4、 When his water ran ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
5、 After losing his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get
out of.
6、 With his left ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too
much blood.
7、 His love for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains
even after this experience.
8、Do we have the same spirit as Aron
9. Let's think abou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard
place”, and befor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e we have to make a decision that could mean life or death
过程与方法
阅读理解，写作练习
情感、态度与价值观
培养学生敢于面对生活中出现的挫折的精神，拥有坚强的意志力。
【教学重难点】
重点：
the key vocabulary and expressions.
难点：
定语从句、时间状语从句以及宾语从句的理解
【导学过程】
一．新课预习
is used to doing s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th _______________ one of the exciting things________________
because of accident ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s______________ in a very dangerous situation____________
on's arm was caught、、、被卡住 free his arm使胳膊自由
when his wat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ran out______________ have to do something________________ be ready to die_____________ save his own life_______________ used his knife to cut off______________ lose too much blood _______________.After losing his arm______________ , a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place._______________________ tell of___________, the importance of doing____________, make good decisions________________， be in control of keep on doing_________________
二. 情景导入
T： I would like a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sk you some questions. Do you often play sports Which sports do you often play What accidents can happen when someone is playing sports
调动学生已有的知识储备和激发学生学习的兴趣,让学生学会预测某些运动过程中可能发生的意外。
T： Very good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Now please tell us which sport he often does by looking at the title of the passage. And can you guess what happened to him
让学生从文章标题中推测出有关信息，同时对后面的阅读内容有个基本的了解。
三．合作探究
Work on 2b
T: Today, I woul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d like to teach you a reading skill: scanning. What does scanning mean It means moving your eyes quickly down the page to find specific information. Find out the new words or expressions. Then try to look up each one in a dictionary and write down its meaning.
练习运用scanning这种方法来找出不认识的单词，并通过查阅字典的方式找到其意思.
2. Work on 2c
T: Read the pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sage again. After each statement, choose/circle True, False or Don’t know.
让学生学会从文章支持自己观点的句子。同时，也是对学生阅读理解能力的训练。
3. Work on 2d and 2e
T: Read the arti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cle again and answer the questions in 2d. You have to underline the sentences which show you the answers. Then, you have to put the sentences in 2e in the right order and tell me why.
要学生在基本熟悉文段的基础上，找出所学信息回答问题，并学会按顺序排列句子。培养学生在阅读中抓取关键信息的能力，并提升其逻辑思维能力。
4. Fill in the blanks.
T: Now, clas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, can you fill in the blanks according to your understanding of the passage Use the words in the passage to complete the task.
对阅读的材料进行复习巩固。同时也是让同学们进一步熟悉阅读材料，对阅读里的重点短语和生词进行复习
5. Self check
T: Now you kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w how to deal with health problems or accidents, please give advice for these people on the screen.
T: Very good. Can you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )put these questions and answers in order to make a conversation
本单元的总结，对如何讨论健康问题和意外事故、如何给出合适的建议进行归纳和总结。
6. Pairwork: Being a nurse (Section B, 3a)
T: Now you are ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le to give advice for some health problems and accidents. Let’s play a game called Being a Nurse. Please work in pairs: one student be the patient and describe your health problems or accidents that happened to you; the other students try to diagnose the problems and give advice. You should take notes to help you.
写前的热身活动，同时也是创设语言使用的情境，激发学生的思维。同时为后面写作做铺垫。
7. Work on 3b
T: Class, w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e know how to talk about health problems and accidents as well as how to give advice. Now, can you try to write a conversation between the nurse and the student using your notes from 3a and the expressions in 3b, and then share your conversation
要求学生使用所学的hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lth problems和accidents等相关词汇，运用本单元句型进行对话写作。表达时尽量使用一些英语中惯用的、地道的表达方式，正确使用词汇和句型，写出合符逻辑的书面表达。
四．点拨总结
used to,be/get used to doing,be used to do的用法区别
used to do 过去常常…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be/get used to sth./doing sth.. 习惯于…… be used to do 被用来做……
(1) used to do sth. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 过去常常……(现在已不如此) We used to grow beautiful roses. 注意：否定句和疑问句有两种
You usedn’t to make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that mistake. She didn't use(d) to do it, did she
You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you / use(d) n't you
(2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing 习惯于
I have always been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )used to hard work. He got used to living in the country. (3) be
used to do 被用来做…… Thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s knife is used to cut bread. 相关拓展(初中学生了解即可,不要求运用)
used to 正式的否定形式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为usedn’t 疑问形式为used提前。I usedn’t to like her. 我未曾喜欢过她。 Used you to go there 您过去可常去那里？There used to be a cinema here, usedn’t there 但在口语中或不拘谨的书面语中其否定及疑问形式均与did连用。
I didn’t use to l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ike her. Did you use to go there There used to be a cinema here, didn’t there
so that
1 so that 引导目的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。如：The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.
2 so ... that ... so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导结果状语从句。意思是“如此……以致于……”。如：When the football fans saw Beckham, they got so excited that they cried out.
五．训练评价
一、根据所给词的正确形式填空。
1. My grandpa exercises for 3 hours to stay ______(health) every day.
2.It’s easy _______(say), but difficult _______(do).
3.It’s important for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us to eat a b_____ diet to have a healthy lifestyle .
二、选择正确答案。
1.It’s ____ to eat mooncakes in China.
A. tradition B. traditional C. awful D. stressed out
2.You are always angry, maybe you have____ “yang”.
A. too B. too many C. much too D. too much
三、根据汉语完成句子。
1.学好英语很重要。______ ______ to learn English well.
2..我的压力很大，因为我的口语没有长进。
I’m _____ _____ because my speaking English isn’t _______.
3.作为一名登山者，他习惯于冒险。
_____ a mountain climber, he ______ ______ _____ ______ ______.
4.因此他用小刀切掉了他的一半右臂。
So he used his knife _____ _____ _____ half his right arm.
5. 他在这次事故之后没有放弃，如今他继续爬山。
He didn’t ______ _____ after the accident and ______ _____ _________ mountains today.
6. 在书中他讲述了关于做出明智抉择和掌握自己生民的重要性。
In this book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), he tells of the __________ of __________ _____ _________, and of _______ ____ ________ ______ one’s life.
四、写出下列短语
1. …的重要性 ___________________ 2. 做决定________________________
3. 掌握 __________________________ 4. 放弃 _____________________
5. 继续做… ________________________ 6. 冒险 ______________________
7. 习惯于 ________________________ 8. 切除 _____________________
9. 失血过多 ______________________ 10. 处境危险____________________
六．学习反思
开心 ，我学会了：
1.
2.
3.
加油 ，这些我还不懂：
1.
2.
3.