Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas 课件（共64张）-2025-2026学年外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

(共64张PPT)
Unit 6Survival
Developing ideas
Learning objectives
At the end of the class, we will be able to:
1. obtain the main idea of the passage and each paragraph;
2. work out the structure of the passage;
3. come up with some approaches to protect Earth;
4. make a summary of the passage focusing on problems, reasons and challenges of living on Mars.
Lead in
If these things happen, how do we survive
Mars is slightly more than half the size of Earth, with corresponding lower gravity. It’s a dry, rocky planet, with white polar “ice” caps that consist mostly of frozen carbon dioxide. The average temperature on Mars is minus 63 degrees Celsius. A day on Mars is about as long as a day on Earth, plus about 39 minutes. Seasons and years are twice as long as they are on Earth.
Since the 1960s, Mars has been the subject of several unmanned exploration missions. However, many such early missions failed.
More About Mars
Complete the quiz and find out how much you know about Mars.
Lead in
Predict the main idea according to the title and the pictures.
Read the passage and check out your predictions.
Prediction
1．What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Why humans cannot live on Earth.
B．How to live in harmony with nature.
C．The feasibility study of living on Mars.
D．It’s impossible to live on Mars.
2. According to the passage, what is the genre of the passage
A.Argumentation. B.Exposition.
C.Narration. D.Biography.
/ fi:z 'biliti/ n. 可行性
Read for main idea
3. Choose the magazine in which you would most likely find the passage.
A. The Traveller
B. All About Space
C. Environmental Concerns
D. Biology for Fun
Read for main idea
Read for structure
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
A. Humans’ exploration related to Mars.
B. Right now, Earth is the only home we have!
D. What are the challenges of moving to Mars
C. Why do we have Plan B for Earth
E. Why is Mars our Plan B
It may be difficult to imagine when people will live on the planet Mars.
1. Why do we have Plan B for Earth
The greatest ___________
in 1960s and 1970s
nuclear missiles
Today the greatest _______
to life on Earth
_____________________
fear
risk
environmental problems
Read for detailed information
2. Why is Mars our Plan B
1. ___________ close to Earth
2. Less hostile environment
3. Today ___________ in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.
Relatively
our interest
Read for detailed information
3. What are the challenges of moving to Mars
1
2
3
4
Staying alive will be ___________________, but not impossible.
Sending people there will require all the skill, _______ and ___________ of the human race.
It would ___________ to reach Mars, travelling through _____________ solar radiation.
Even if ______________ do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth-ever.
courage
intelligence
take months
dangerous
the first settlers
a daily challenge
Read for detailed information
National Level
Societal Level
Individual Level
What can we do to take care of our planet
Think & Share
Think & Share
National Level
Societal Level
Individual Level
1. Enforce laws to reduce carbon emissions
2. Expand national parks and wildlife reserves to conserve biodiversity.
1. Encourage public transportation and carpooling
2. Organize community cleanups and awareness campaigns
1. Choose walking/cycling over driving
2. Minimize waste by avoiding single-use plastics
What can we do to take care of our planet
“We do not inherit / n her t/ (继承) the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children.”
-- Native American Proverb
Group discussion: Summarize the problems we are faced with today and the reasons we choose Mars as our Plan B and challenges we will face, and then conclude some approaches we can do to protect Earth.
Summary
Homework
1. Write down your summary and then polish it. (Compulsory)
2.Make a flyer(传单) to promote environmental protection in your school. (Optional)
The two passages share the theme of protecting our living environments. The first passage focuses on balancing nature and urban development, and the need for harmony between humans and animals. The second passage focuses on our need to protect Earth even if we intend to settle on other places such as Mars in future.
The
Wild
Within
Language
points
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life What is our Plan B for Earth
彻底摧毁；消灭
核导弹
按一下按钮
环境问题
replace A with B 用A代替B
煤炭
可再生能源
做好最坏的打算
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity. More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
《火星救援》
享誉全球
努力
educate A on/about B 在B上教育A
火星沙漠研究站
/'ju:tɑ:/ 美国犹他州
火星村
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
搜索；搜寻
载人飞行任务
发生
太阳辐射
即使；尽管
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth - ever, Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were
building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. The “closed”concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world. Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward.
由......组成/构成
被设计来做某事
向某人提供某物
成功做某事
各种各样的
be similar to 与......类似
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams of making it our second home.(P91 Para.4)
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
结构分析：that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。
There is no doubt that...
　　　　　　　　　　　　毫无疑问……
There is (some) doubt whether...对……持有疑问
I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否……
I don’t doubt that...我确信……
There is no doubt that...
There is no doubt about...
(1)毫无疑问，熬夜会导致过度焦虑。
　　　　　　　　　　 staying up can result in over-anxiety.
(2)运动会是否会如期举行还有些疑问。
the sports meeting will be held as scheduled.
(3)我们毫不怀疑他的工作能力，但我们怀疑他是否有足够的激情。
We have no doubt about his working ability，_______________________
.
There is no doubt that
There is some doubt whether
but we doubt whether/if he
has enough passion
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it's the only one we have!
对......有影响
更好地照顾......
在此期间；与此同时
Today，environmental problems have become the 1. (great) risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk，but they are also preparing 2. the worst.One option is 3. (explore) other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars，which is 4. (relative) close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.Mars 5._____________
(fascinate) people since ancient times，and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Since 6. 1960s，we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
greatest
for
to explore
relatively
has fascinated
the
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
7. (encourage) by discoveries over the years，space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.There is no doubt 8.__________
humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams of making it our second home.However，9. (send) people there will require all the skill，courage and 10. (intelligent) of the human race.For now，human settlement of Mars is still decades away.Until we are finally able to live on another planet，we need to take much better care of our own.
Encouraged
that
sending
intelligence
课文重点词块默写
1.彻底摧毁，消灭
2.核导弹
3.按一下按钮
4.环境问题
5.用……取代/代替……
6.可再生能源
7.做好最坏的打算
8.努力
_________
______________
_____________________
______________________
______________
________________
____________________
____________
wipe out
nuclear missile
renewable energy
prepare for the worst
at the push of a button
environmental problems
replace...with...
make efforts
9.搜索，搜寻
10.举行；发生
11.太阳辐射
12.即使；尽管
13.被设计来做某事
14.由……构成，由……组成
15.向某人提供某物
16.成功做某事
__________
__________
______________
_______
___________________
__________
__________________
___________________
search for
take place
solar radiation
even if
be designed to do sth
consist of
provide sb with sth
succeed in doing sth
17.各种各样的
18.与……类似
19.在此期间，与此同时
20.对……有影响
21.更好地照顾……
___________
____________
_______________
________________
________________________
a variety of
be similar to
in the meantime
have an effect on
take much better care of...
the greatest fear was that the human race， and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet，could be wiped out. 最大的恐惧是……人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毁灭。
advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
advanced technology 先进的技术
advanced learners of English 高阶英语学习者
【单词积累】
advance v. 前进；（使）进展；促进 n. 进步，进展
in advance 预先，提前
in advance of（时间上）在……之前；（发展上）超前
◆单句语法填空
(1) The course is intended for 　　　　（advance）learners.
(2)We are working hard 　　 　　（advance）the cause of world peace.
(3) These 　　　　（advance） in medical science will help man to enjoy a longer life.
◆完成句子
(4) I’d appreciate it if you could let me know 　　　　　　　　（提前） whether or not you will come.
advanced
to advance
advances
in advance
But they are also preparing for the worst ： what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life 但他们也在做最坏的打算: 如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
prepare for 为……做准备
【单词积累】
（1）preparation n. 准备，预备 in preparation 在准备中
in preparation for 为……做准备 make preparations for 为……做准备
（2）prepare v. 准备，预备 be prepared for 为……做好准备
The teacher is preparing the reviewing exercises，and the students are preparing for the final examination. Everyone hopes to make full preparations for the important exam.
◆单句语法填空
(1)Wish for the best and prepare 　　　　　the worst.
(2)I’m in 　　　　　（prepare） for my lecture tomorrow.
(3)All my friends are not available because they are making 　　　　　
（prepare） for an exam.
(4)He didn’t make any preparations 　　　　　this exam，so he failed.
(5)We have to be 　　　　　（prepare） for the task ahead.
(6)He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（已经为……做好充分准备）the coming job interview because he can’t risk losing the good chance.
for
preparation
preparations
for
prepared
has made full preparations for
But they are also preparing for the worst ： what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life 但他们也在做最坏的打算: 如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
【单词积累】
（1）terrified adj. 恐惧的，害怕的
be terrified of（doing）sth. 害怕（做）某事
be terrified at/by 因……而害怕
be terrified（that）... 害怕……
（2）terrify v. 使恐惧，使害怕
The idea that there will be an earthquake terrifies many people.
（3）terror n.［U］恐惧；［C］可怕的人或事
◆完成句子
(1)I 　　　　　　　　　　（害怕）flying. I’d rather go by train.
(2)She 　　　　　　　　　　（害怕）they would lose their home.
◆单句语法填空
(3) Hearing the loud thunder，the little girl was　　　　　（terrify）and dared not go to
sleep on her own.
(4) Being lost can be a 　　　　　（terrify）experience.
(5) It was 　　　　　（terrify） for us，as we were shaken by the waves.
am terrified of　
was terrified（that）
terrified
terrifying
terrifying
More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet ...越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，……
make efforts to do sth. （=make an effort to do sth.）努力做某事
【归纳拓展】
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into（doing） sth. 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
through one’s effort 通过某人的努力
with/without effort 费力地 / 毫不费力地
◆单句语法填空
(1)I will make every effort 　　　　　（achieve）my goal.
(2)They decided to get rid of poverty 　　　　　effort.
◆完成句子
(3)They　　　　　　　　　　（正在努力）to reduce poverty.
(4) 　　　　　　　　　　（为了） promote the development of this region，the head signed the agreement.
(5)They 　　　　　　　　　　（不遗余力）to finish the duty.
(6)With the help of the map we found the gallery 　　　　　　　　（毫不费力）.
to achieve
through
are making efforts
In an effort to
spared no effort
without effort
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars ...毫无
疑问，人类被火星所吸引，……
同位语从句
There is no doubt that... 是一个固定句型，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 doubt 的具体内容。在复合句中充当同位语成分的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般由 that，wh- 类连接词引导，常放在 doubt，fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，thought等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。
The news that our team has won the game is true.
I have no idea where they’ve gone.
◆单句语法填空
(1) The manager put forward a suggestion 　　　　　we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
(2) ［2018· 天 津 卷］ The possibility 　　　　　there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
(3) I have no idea 　　　　　the cell phone isn’t working，so could you fix it for me
(4) There is no doubt 　　　　　the wooden chair is much stronger than the plastic one you bought yesterday.
that
that
why
that
Staying alive will be a daily challenge，but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment，not impossible .活着将会成为一个日常挑战， 但正如
“生物圈2 号”实验所证明的， 这也并非完全不可能。
as 引导定语从句
（1）as 引导定语从句时，as 可以指代一个词或短语，但更为常见的是指代整个主句。
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed to beforehand.
To shut your eyes to facts，as many of you do，is foolish.
She is late，as is often the case.
as 引导定语从句
（2）as 引导非限制性定语从句时，as 意为“正如，正像”。通常有以下固定的表达：
as we all know 正如大家所知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的 as you see 如你所见
as has been said before 如前所述 as is well-known 众所周知
as was expected 正如预料的那样 as is often the case 情况常常如此
（3）当主句的先行词被 the same，such，so 等修饰时，要用 as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday.
I never heard such stories as he told.
He’s never written again so good a book as his first one.
◆单句语法填空
(1)　　　　　is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
(2)A lot of language learning，　　　　　has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
(3) “You can’t judge a book by its cover，” 　　　　　the old saying goes.
(4)This is the same material 　　　　　is used in building the bridge.
(5) Such books 　　　　　I have read are classical works.
(6) The teacher gave us such a difficult question　　　　　no one could work out.
◆完成句子
(7) 没有简单的答案，在科学上情况通常是这样。
There is no simple answer，　　　　　　　　　　in science.
(8) 众所周知，月球每个月绕地球一周。
　　　　　　　　　 ，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
(9) 正如报道的那样，清华大学建校已有 100多年的历史。
　　　　　　　　　　，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
As
as
as
as
as
as
as is often the case
As is known to everybody
As is reported
It consisted of a closed space in which people，animals and plants could live together.它包括一个封闭的空间,人、 动物和植物可以生活在一起 。
consist of 由……构成 / 组成（不用于进行时态和被动语态）
【用法比较】
The book consists of nineteen chapters.
=The book is made up of nineteen chapters.
这本书共有 19 章。
【归纳拓展】
consist in 在于，存在于　
be consistent with 与……一致
◆完成句子
(1) The scientific research team 　　　　　　 　　（由……组成）ten experts from different provinces.=Ten experts from different provinces 　　　　　　（组成） the scientific research team.
◆单句语法填空
(2) Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behaviour
　　　　　（consist） of hearing，understanding and remembering.
(3) The beauty of the city consists 　　　　　its magnificent buildings.
(4)The results are entirely 　　　　　（consist）with our earlier research.
consists of/is made up of
consisting
in
make up
consistent
More recently， scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.最近， 科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。
succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事
【单词积累】
（1）succeed v. 成功；接替；继承
succeed sb. as 接替某人担任…… succeed to sth. 继承某物
I’m certain that David is to succeed him as chairman.
The young man will succeed to his father’s wealth.
（2）success n. ［U］成功；［C］成功的人（或事）→ successful adj. 成功的→ successfully adv. 成功地
◆完成句子
(1)I never thought such a little child could 　　　　　　　　　　（成功地处理）such a difficult problem.
(2) Li Ming studied very hard. As a result，he　　　　　　　　　（成功通过）the college entrance examination.
(3)Who do you think will　　　　　　　（继承） Mr Li’s company
◆单句语法填空
(4) After succeeding to his father’s company 　　　president，he succeeded in 　　　　（make）the company more successful，which helped to make him 　　　big success.
succeed in dealing with
succeeded in passing
succeed to
as
making
a
Read the story and answer the questions.
Where is the person in the story
What difficulties is he facing
The person in the story is on Mars.
He has to keep himself safe from the deadly radiation outside. And he is facing the lack of water, oxygen and food.
Writing a survival story
What has he already done to stay alive
What will he do next
He has resumed communication with the base.
He has discovered an underground ice deposit to get water, and produce oxygen with the water.
He will work out how to farm on Mars and grow plants with seeds.
Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
The problem the writer meets
The things that can help him to survive
The difficulties he is facing
Imagine you have to survive in a dangerous place. Plan your story by answering the questions.
What are the dangers (eg animals, the cold, no air)
Where is the dangerous place (eg Antarctica, space, the jungle)
How do you feel (eg confident, anxious, optimistic)
How do you manage to survive (eg catch fish, melt snow, make a fire)
【审题定调】
本写作任务要求写一篇求生故事，属于记叙文的范畴。讲述故事，就是要通过完整的情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时，有所感、有所悟。写作时应注意：
1. 可以按照时间的先后顺序展开，也可以采用倒叙或插叙的手法进行写作；
2. 故事的开头要交代故事发生的时间、地点、人物及背景。具体内容可根据实际情况进行适当调整；
3. 在讲述故事的经过时，条理要清晰、重点应突出，同时语言要准确、生动；
4. 故事的结尾要简洁明了，既在意料之外，又在情理之中，这样才可以给读者留下深刻的印象。
本写作人称主要用第一人称。时态主要用一般过去时。
【谋篇布局】
本写作可分为三部分：
第一部分：故事发生的背景；
第二部分：故事的经过（可穿插你的感受）；
第三部分：故事的结局。
故事背景:
Last week I went for a(n) ...
Yesterday, I took part in ...
Last Friday I went ... with ...
On ... I decided to go for a(n) ... in ...
When I was on a trip to ... with ..., I ...
故事经过：
I got lost in ...
I was separated from others.
I found myself standing alone in the middle of ...
I tried to find ... but failed.
Realising that there was no ..., I felt despairing.
Problems arose on the third day.
I managed to find ... to supply energy.
I built a simple tent with some branches to keep myself warm.
I had to watch out for ... when I ...
I felt very nervous / anxious / worried ...
I walked along ... trying to find my way out.
I was confident that I could survive.
故事结局：
Finally, I was saved / rescued by ...
After walking non-stop for ... hours, I luckily got out of ... though exhausted.
Just when I was about to lose hope, I saw ...
In the end, a group of rescuers found me and ...
This is really an unforgettable experience, from which I've realised ...
What an Adventure!
It’s been three days since I got separated from the other team members. We went hiking together on Monday, but became separated due to a heavy rainstorm. Without a compass, I lost direction, and now I am lost in dense jungle.
There are no roads at all, so I have to make my own way step by step. I have hurt both my hands quite badly from all the thorns—they are everywhere. To make things worse, I stumbled and sprained my ankle. The pain is killing me! Snakes, monkeys, insects and other animals appear from time to time. Yesterday, I heard the roar of a tiger from far away. I was terrified!
I rub sticks together to make a fire every night to keep myself warm and safe. It's really a difficult technique to master, and it takes me several frustrating and worrying attempts every evening. I have to remind myself to be calm and optimistic at every moment.
Food also worries me a lot. I've been eating berries to appease my hunger, but I have to be very careful to avoid anything poisonous.
Today I have some luck when I find a stream which I can follow. It gives me great hope. I’m confident that I can find my way out! This will have been the most memorable adventure of my life!
Read the passage and answer the questions.
The green lizards that lived in the lower branches and trunks of Florida’s trees found themselves in trouble when a tougher species, the brown lizards, were introduced from Cuba. Without enough food to go around, and under pressure from the new arrivals, the green lizards moved higher up the trees, where it is harder to keep a grip on the smoother branches. The green lizards adapted quickly over a relatively short time of 15 years, and now they have bigger pads on their toes and stickier scales to help them stay high in the trees—and well away from their troublesome neighbours!
Presenting ideas
Green lizards
Brown lizards
What happened to the green lizards What did they do to cope with it
What is the main message of the passage
They found themselves in trouble because a tougher species, the brown lizards, was introduced to the place where they lived. The green lizards moved higher up the trees and soon adapted to the new environment.
The main message is the survival of the fittest.
Work in groups. Find evidence to back up the main message and make notes. Do further research if necessary.
Evidence in nature:
——————————————————————————
Evidence in society:
——————————————————————————
Evidence in nature:
the giraffe’s neck gets longer and longer in order to eat the high leaves.
The seeds of dandelions are getting lighter and lighter, and the flowers are blowing in the wind to new places to give birth to new life.
Evidence in society:
To see further, humans began to walk upright.
When Confucius was in trouble in the states of Chen and Cai, he wrote Chunqiu.
Qu Yuan was exiled by King Huai, so he wrote Li Sao.
Talk about the main message in more detail and make notes.
What the message means to you:
Situations that you could apply this message to:
Examples:
Prepare a short presentation. Consider the following:
1. the structure of your presentation
2. useful words, expressions and structures
Give your presentation to the class.
Review language points.
Read the passage again and write a summary of the passage.
Finish your writing.
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Thank you