哈佛英语时文阅读-中考 Week6
Monday内蒙古西拉沐沦特大桥通车
China is famous for its great ability to build infrastructure. Recently, the Inner Mongoliaautonomous region in North China has something new to be proud of. The SharmoronBridge has been opened.
This big bridge is in the Hexigten Banner ofChifeng City. It sets a new world record for the region. It is the first bridge built in an aeolian sand canyon area in the world. And it's now the highest and longest PC beam multi-low tower cable-stayed bridge. The whole project cost 904million yuan.
The bridge is part of the Jingpeng-Ulan Butong Expressway. It is 2, 064 meters long. The main bridge has six cable towers. Each is 38 meters tall. The total height from the tower base to the beam is 210m.
The bridge goes through the fragile ecological areas of the Hunshandake Sandy Land, which is an important place of the local Hongshan Culture. The surface layer of the aeolian sand along the riverbanks reaches depths of up to 60m. The slopes are between 30 degrees and40 degrees. There are big differences in height and it's hard to stay stable. So, all the bridge piles had to be placed deep in the thick acolian sand layers.
The construction faced many problems. It was hard to build roads and drilling platforms. The U-shaped canyon had big temperature changes and frequent strong winds, which made the concrete more likely to crack and there were high safety risks.
Now that the bridge is open, the travel time between important places in the region has been cut in half. Before, it took two and a half hours to go from Jingpeng to Ulan Butong. Now, it takes less than an hour. This project connects Inner Mongolia with the Bohai SeaEconomic Rim. It's also an important way to the sea and a good tourist highway for the central part of Inner Mongolia.
It's expected to play a significant role in making the road network layout in central InnerMongolia better. It will support the opening and development strategies of the Belt and RoadInitiative in the north and west. And it's thought to help develop resources and the economy along the way.
1．How long is the Sharmoron Bridge
A．2, 064 meters. B．904 meters.
C．38 meters. D．210 meters.
2．We can know from the passage that. ____
A．the construction of the bridge was very easy
B．the bridge has no influence on the local economy
C．the bridge will improve the local road network
D．there are no other bridges in Inner Mongolia
3．From the passage we can infer that the weather in the area of the bridge is ____ .
A．always sunny B．very stable C．changeable D．never windy
4．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．The problems during the construction.
B．The cost of the construction.
C．The location of the bridge.
D．The height of the bridge.
5．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To introduce the history of Inner Mongolia.
B．To describe the beauty of the bridge.
C．To explain the difficulties in building the bridge.
D．To report the opening of the Sharmoron Bridge and its significance.
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．C
4．A
5．D
【知识点】新闻报道类；公共设施；细节理解；推理判断；段落大意
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了内蒙古Sharmoron Bridge通车，介绍了桥的位置、长度、建设时面临的生态环境与施工难题，以及通车后对当地交通、经济、路网布局和"一带一路"相关战略的意义。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做阅读理解时，细节题要精准定位原文找关键数据、信息；推理题结合文本逻辑推导；段落大意题概括段落核心内容；文章大意题梳理全文脉络。通过抓取关键信息，理解文本主旨与细节来解题。
1．细节理解题。根据文中"The bridge is part of the Jingpeng - Ulan Butong Expressway. It is 2, 064 meters long."可知，Sharmoron Bridge长2064米，故选A。
2．推理判断题。从"It's expected to play a significant role in making the road network layout in central Inner Mongolia better."可推断出这座桥会改善当地路网，A选项与"The construction faced many problems."不符；B选项与"It's thought to help develop resources and the economy along the way."不符；D选项文中未提及内蒙古无其他桥，故选C。
3．推理判断题。由"The U - shaped canyon had big temperature changes and frequent strong winds"可知，桥所在区域天气多变，A选项"always sunny"、B选项"very stable"、D选项"never windy"均不符，故选C。
4．段落大意题。第四段讲了桥建设面临的问题，如道路修建难、钻孔平台搭建难、峡谷温差大且风大等，所以段落大意是建设中遇到的问题，故选A。
5．文章大意题。文章报道了内蒙古Sharmoron Bridge通车，介绍了桥的基本信息、建设难题及通车意义等，主要目的是报道桥通车及意义，故选D。
6． France is very famous ____ its grape wine.
A．as B．in C．of D．for
【答案】D
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：法国因它的葡萄酒而非常出名。as（作为）；in（在……里）；of（……的）；for（因为）。根据"be famous for（因……而著名）"是固定短语，此处表达法国因葡萄酒闻名，可知用"for"。故选D。
【点评】考查固定短语"be famous for"的用法。注意：区分"be famous as（作为……而著名 ）"与"be famous for（因……而著名 ）"，根据语境选合适短语。
7． I want my parents to be proud (用适当的单词填空) me.
【答案】of
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：我想让我的父母为我感到骄傲。"proud"是形容词，意为"骄傲的；自豪的"，"be proud of..."是固定短语，意为"为……感到骄傲/自豪"，考查的语法点是固定短语的用法 ，此处需要用"of"来构成该短语，故答案为：of。
【点评】考查固定短语"be proud of"的用法，注意记忆和正确运用这类表示情感与对象关联的固定搭配。
8． The research (用 lead 的适当形式填空) by Bill has made a great discovery.
【答案】led
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；分词；定语
【解析】【分析】句意：由比尔主导的这项研究有了重大发现。"lead"是动词，常见词义为"带领；引领；主导"。此处考查过去分词作定语的语法点，"research（研究）"和"lead"之间是被动关系，即研究是被比尔主导的，所以用"lead"的过去分词形式"led"，"led by Bill"作后置定语修饰"research"，故答案为：led。
【点评】考查过去分词作定语的用法，注意判断动词与所修饰名词之间的被动关系，正确使用过去分词形式。
9． Water, ____ is a clear liquid(液体), has many uses.
A．that B．it C．which D．this
【答案】C
【知识点】which引导的定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：水是一种清澈的液体，有很多用途。that（引导定语从句等，表"那；那个"）；it（人称代词，表"它"）；which（引导定语从句等，表"哪一个"）；this（指示代词，表"这；这个"）。句子含非限制性定语从句，先行词是"Water"（指物），且在从句中作主语。非限制性定语从句修饰物时，需用"which"引导 ，所以选"which"。故选C。
【点评】考查非限制性定语从句引导词的用法。注意："that"一般不用于非限制性定语从句；引导此类从句修饰物时，常用"which"，要结合从句类型、先行词选对引导词。
10． Since he has apologized, let's forgive him. (用高级短语替换 Since)
【答案】Now that
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：既然他已经道歉了，那我们原谅他吧。"Since"在此处表"既然；由于"，"Now that"是同义高级短语，同样用于引出已知事实作为理由，替换后语义不变且表达更具文采。故答案为：Now that。
【点评】考查同义短语替换（"Since"与"Now that"表"既然"时的替换），注意二者语义和用法的一致性，及在语境中准确替换提升表达档次。
Tuesday 每天学习一点点
We usually learn new things for amusementLearn and professional development. No mattertake effort to learn something new every day. Onlya few of us are lifelong learners, but most peoplewhat the purpose of learning is, you shouldNewSomething are busy with their habitual everyday routines andactivities. However, learning something new dailyoffers great benefits and possibilities. You can findEveryday learning chances everywhere since people are overwhelmed with free sources of knowledge these days. Incorporate a habit of learning something new into your daily routine and enrich your life with fresh ideas, new people and inspiration.
New information promotes self-improvement and personal growth. Successful people say that personal growth is the key to their achievements. That's why they are never satisfied with what they've already learned. When we learn something new, we get new experience and skills. It means we deepen our understanding of the world and unleash our hidden talent. Moreover, learning new things will make you proud and increase your self-confidence.
I was always too busy to add an additional point to my daily schedule. That's the main reason why I never had enough time to read and learn new things for my hobbies. However, I've learned that having one more task on my to-do list is the best way to structure my daily routine and improve my perception of time. I've realized I should manage time wisely. Stop complaining that you don't have free time to read. Learn to use your time more efficiently so that you can do things you want to do.
I realize that I've met most of my friends while learning new things and obtaining new experiences. When you join an organization or a club, you are surrounded with like-minded people and just uncommon characters. Chances are you'll find close friends among them.
Develop a habit of learning something new each day and you'll be sorry you didn't. It can improve the quality of your life and help you both professionally and personally. Do you think learning something new daily is important
11．What can make our life rich according to Paragraph 1
A．Daily routines. B．Everyday activities.
C．New inspiration. D．Learning chances.
12．What does the underlined word "It" refer to in Paragraph 2
A．Looking for the key to their achievements.
B．Getting new experience and skills.
C．Making us proud.
D．Increasing our self-confidence.
13．We can infer from the passage that the writer ____ .
A．is always busy with her habitual everyday routines
B．believed her personal growth was the key to her achievement
C．has probably added a reading task on her to-do list
D．believe that new people should be introduced by old ones
14．The passage tells the following benefits of learning something new daily except ____ .
A．promoting personal growth B．learning time management skills
C．meeting new people D．setting a good example
15．In which part of a magazine would you most probably read the text
A．Work& Life. B．Science.
C．Travel. D．Health.
【答案】11．C
12．B
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知识点】议论文；学会学习；细节理解；推理判断；代词指代
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了日常学习新事物的重要性，包括能丰富生活、促进个人成长、学习时间管理、结识新朋友等好处，还分享了作者在时间管理和学习新事物方面的感悟。
【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时需先通读文章把握主旨，再针对各题定位原文关键语句，结合细节理解、推理判断等方法解题，注意区分不同题型的解题思路。
11．细节理解题。根据文中第一段"Incorporate a habit of learning something new into your daily routine and enrich your life with fresh ideas, new people and inspiration." ，可知能让生活丰富的是新的灵感等，"new inspiration"符合，故答案为C。
12．代词指代题。根据文中第二段"When we learn something new, we get new experience and skills. It means we deepen our understanding of the world and unleash our hidden talent."，"It"指代的是前文"getting new experience and skills"，故答案为B。
13．推理判断题。根据文中第三段"However, I've learned that having one more task on my to-do list is the best way to structure my daily routine and improve my perception of time. I've realized I should manage time wisely. Stop complaining that you don't have free time to read."，可推断作者可能在待办清单里添加了阅读任务，故答案为C。
14．细节理解题。文中提到日常学习新事物的好处有促进个人成长（"New information promotes self - improvement and personal growth."）、学习时间管理（"I've learned that having one more task on my to-do list is the best way to structure my daily routine and improve my perception of time."）、结识新朋友（"I realize that I've met most of my friends while learning new things and obtaining new experiences."），未提及"setting a good example"，故答案为D。
15．文章出处题。文章围绕日常学习新事物对工作和生活的积极影响展开，"Work & Life"（工作与生活）板块符合，故答案为A。
16． The children had lots of joy in the park. (用高级单词替换 joy)
【答案】amusement
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：孩子们在公园里收获了诸多快乐。"joy"意为"快乐；喜悦"，"amusement"是更具文采的高级词汇，同样表示"乐趣；欢乐"，语义契合可替换。故答案为：amusement。
【点评】考查同义词（"joy"与"amusement"）替换提升表达，注意积累高级词汇，依据语境选语义匹配的词优化表达。
17． Don't make noise! Your father is busy (用 prepare 的适当形式填空) a report.
【答案】preparing
【知识点】现在分词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：别吵闹！你爸爸正忙着准备一份报告。"prepare"是动词，意为"准备"。此处考查"be busy doing sth.（忙于做某事）"的语法点，"is busy"后需接动词的- ing形式，所以用"preparing"，故答案为：preparing。
【点评】考查"be busy doing sth." 这一固定短语的用法。注意：牢记"be busy"后接动词- ing形式的结构，准确运用此类表达描述忙于做的事。
18． The Internet is very useful in our everyday life. (用高级单词替换 everyday)
【答案】daily
【知识点】形容词作表语
【解析】【分析】句意：互联网在我们的日常生活中非常有用。"everyday"意为"日常的；平常的"，"daily"是同义高级词汇，同样表示"日常的"，语义一致可替换。故答案为：daily。
【点评】考查同义词（"everyday"与"daily"）替换提升表达，注意积累同义高级词汇，依据语境选合适词汇优化表述。
19． The reforms are aimed at (释放) the market's potential.
【答案】unleashing
【知识点】动名词；宾语
【解析】【分析】句意：这些改革旨在释放市场的潜力。根据"be aimed at doing sth.（旨在做某事，致力于做某事）"这一固定用法，"at"是介词，后接动词要用动名词形式，"释放"的英文"unleash"的动名词是"unleashing"，可知此处应填"unleashing"，故答案为unleashing。
【点评】考查"be aimed at doing sth." 固定短语搭配及动名词的用法，注意介词"at"后接动词时，要将动词变为动名词形式（一般在动词后加- ing），准确运用此类结构表达"旨在做某事"的语义。
20． They became good friends because they were (志趣相投的).
【答案】like-minded
【知识点】复合形容词；特征形容词；形容词作表语
【解析】【分析】句意：他们成了好朋友，因为他们志趣相投。根据句子语境及中文提示"志趣相投的"，对应的英文形容词是"like-minded"，在句中作表语，符合"be + 形容词"的结构，可知此处应填"like-minded"，故答案为like-minded。
【点评】考查形容词"like-minded"的词义及用法，注意积累这类描述人物特质、契合特定语境的形容词，准确运用其表达"志趣相投"的语义，丰富语言表达。
Wednesday 向外比不如向内比
Do you compare yourself to other people Perhaps your best friend receivedsomething you really wanted forChristmas, or you' re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.
"We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves, " says psychologist Nicola Abbott. "But comparing your achievements to your past self(where you started) and your future self(where you'd like to get to) can be more positive. " This can make you feel proud of what you' ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top:
Do comparisons make you unhappy Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do without realizing it. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it's important to be realistic and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online and on social media. Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you' re good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like " ▲ ""What do I feel proud of " and" What improvements can I notice " can help to improve your self-esteem(how positive you feel about yourself).
"Jealousy is an ordinary feeling, " says Antrobus, "but focusing on improving your own performance can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend's achievements can help not only to improve your friend's feeling but can also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up. "
21．According to Paragraph 2, Nicola Abbott agrees that it's better to compare ____ .
A．your failures with your past self and future self
B．yourselves to others who are doing better
C．yourselves to others who are doing worse
D．your achievements to your past self and future self
22．Which paragraph talks about the meaning of comparing yourself to others
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
23．Which of the following can be put into" ▲ " in the fourth paragraph
A．Who amI B．What amI good at
C．How canI help you D．Where doI come from
24．The purpose of the last paragraph is to suggest ____ .
A．not arguing with those around you
B．trying to do better than those around you
C．not minding the feeling of being jealous
D．learning to congratulate your friends on their progress
【答案】21．D
22．C
23．B
24．D
【知识点】议论文；心理健康；细节理解；推理判断；段落大意
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了与他人比较和与自己（过去、未来 ）比较的相关内容，包括不同比较方式的影响、和他人比较的意义，以及如何通过正确自我提问、祝贺朋友进步等促进心理健康。
【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时需先梳理文章主旨，针对各题定位段落关键语句，运用细节理解、推理判断等方法解题，注意把握段落核心内容及语境逻辑。
21．细节理解题。根据文中第二段"But comparing your achievements to your past self(where you started) and your future self(where you'd like to get to) can be more positive." ，可知Nicola Abbott认为把自己的成就和过去及未来的自己比较更好，故答案为D。
22．段落大意题。根据文中第三段"Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do without realizing it. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests."，可知第三段讲了和他人比较的意义，故答案为C。
23．推理判断题。根据文中第四段"asking yourself questions like ‘▲' ‘What do I feel proud of ' and ‘What improvements can I notice ' can help to improve your self - esteem"，结合语境，与自我优势相关的问题"What am I good at "符合，故答案为B。
24．细节理解题。根据文中最后一段"Besides, learning to celebrate your friend's achievements can help not only to improve your friend's feeling but can also help you feel good."，可知最后一段建议学会祝贺朋友的进步，故答案为D。
25． The children are allowed (用 watch的适当形式填空) TV after school.
【答案】to watch
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式；不定式作宾语补足语
【解析】【分析】句意：孩子们被允许放学后看电视。"watch"是动词，意为"观看"。此处考查"be allowed to do sth.（被允许做某事）"的语法点，该结构中需用动词不定式形式，所以用"to watch"，故答案为：to watch。
【点评】考查"be allowed to do sth." 这一固定短语的用法。注意：牢记"be allowed"后接动词不定式的结构，准确运用此类表达描述"被允许做的事"。
26． For a student, studying hard is what is important. (用高级单词替换 is important)
【答案】matters
【知识点】第三人称单数
【解析】【分析】句意：对学生而言，努力学习是重要的事。"is important"表达"是重要的"，"matters"作为动词，有"要紧；有重大影响"之意，语义契合且更简洁高级，可替换。故答案为：matters.
【点评】考查同义词（"is important"与"matters"）替换提升表达，注意"matters"作动词表"重要" 时的用法，依据清语境中精准替换优化表意。
27． We need to have a (用 realize的适当形式填空) plan to achieve our goals.
【答案】realistic
【知识点】简单形容词；形容词作定语置于名词前
【解析】【分析】句意：我们需要有一个切实可行的计划来实现我们的目标。"realize"是动词，意为"实现；意识到"。此处需要形容词修饰"plan"，"realistic"是"realize"的形容词形式，意为"现实的；切实可行的"，符合"a + 形容词 + plan"的语法结构，故答案为：realistic。
【点评】考查"realize"的形容词形式"realistic"的词义及用法。注意：要根据句子语法结构（此处修饰名词需用形容词），准确转换词性，掌握"realistic"这类由动词派生而来的形容词在描述事物性质时的运用。
28． My friend Bob suggests (用 play 的适当形式填空) golf this afternoon.
【答案】playing
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：我的朋友鲍勃建议今天下午打高尔夫球。"play"是动词，意为"打；玩"。此处考查"suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）"的语法点，"suggest"后接动词要用动名词形式，所以用"playing"，故答案为：playing。
【点评】考查"suggest doing sth." 这一固定短语的用法。注意：牢记"suggest"后接动名词的结构，准确运用此类表达描述"建议做的事"。
29． Mr. Li encourages us ____ more English in class.
A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．spoke
【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式；不定式作宾语补足语
【解析】【分析】句意：李老师鼓励我们在课堂上多说英语。"speak"（动词原形，说）；"speaking"（动名词/现在分词，说）；"to speak"（动词不定式，说）；"spoke"（动词过去式，说）。根据："encourage sb. to do sth."（鼓励某人做某事）这一固定用法 ，可知此处需用动词不定式"to speak"。故选C。
【点评】考查"encourage sb. to do sth." 固定短语的用法。注意：牢记此类"动词 + sb. + to do sth."结构的短语，准确运用其表达"鼓励/要求等某人做某事"的语义。
Thursday 传统手工艺术
Stuck at home with nothing to watch Curious about China, but don't knowwhere to begin Well, we've got you covered with this brand-new video series exploringChinese culture. All you have to do is press play.
Dazu Rock Carvings
One of China's UNESCO World Heritage Sites is hidden among the mountains on the outskirts of the southwestern city of Chongqing. Here, tens of thousands of sculptures collectively make up the Dazu Rock Carvings— considered one of the finest examples of China's cave art, exhibiting the most sophisticated craftsmanship of theDazu Rock Carvings. The delicate Dazu Rock Carvings tell ancient, mystical stories.
____
The art of bamboo sculpture originated in the Ming Dynasty. Today, the art lives on, appreciated for its historical value and clegance. Just 100 kilometers southwest of Beijing, in the Xiong' an New Area, a group of skilled artists are keeping this art alive. This kind of art requires focus, precision and elbow grease. Watch the video and feast your eyes on the bamboo masterpieces.
Peach-stone Carvings
In the small town of Siyang in Jiangsu Province in eastern China, craftsmen create art on the tiny core of the peaches. While most people think nothing of peach stones and just throw them away, they are source of inspiration for these artists. The artist goes to great lengths to find the perfect core to fit his concept. Using tiny tools, they chip away at the cores to create intricate designs, extremely detailed and delicate. These peach-stone carvings are often worn as jewelry, symbolizing fortune in China.
30．What is the feature of the Dazu Rock Carvings
A．Mysterious tales. B．Mountain shapes.
C．Design inspirations. D．Painting exhibitions.
31．What would be the best heading for the second piece of news
A．The History of B．The Origination of Bamboo
C．Bamboo Carvings D．The Value of Bamboo
32．Why do people wear peach-stone carvings
A．To show wealth. B．To bring good luck.
C．To symbolize status. D．To appreciate design.
33．What do the underlined words" elbow grease" mean
A．Hard work. B．Big head.
C．Physical health. D．Elbow problem.
34．All the news above has something to do with ____ .
A．material B．origins C．craftsmanship D．symbols
【答案】30．A
31．C
32．A
33．A
34．C
【知识点】说明文；细节理解；推理判断；标题选择；非物质文化遗产（技艺传承）
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了大足石刻、竹雕、桃核雕刻三种中国传统手工艺术，介绍了它们的特点、起源、艺术价值及文化意义等内容。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做阅读理解时，细节题要定位关键语句找答案；标题题需概括段落核心内容选最贴切的；词义猜测题结合语境推理；推理题要梳理文本信息归纳共性。通过精准抓取信息，理解传统工艺相关知识来解题。
30．细节理解题。根据文中"The delicate Dazu Rock Carvings tell ancient, mystical stories."可知，大足石刻的特点是讲述古老神秘的故事，也就是蕴含神秘传说，故选A。
31．标题选择题。第二段围绕竹雕艺术展开，介绍其起源、现状等，"Bamboo Carvings"（竹雕）能准确概括该段内容，A、B、D选项均不能完整涵盖，故选C。
32．细节理解题。从"These peach - stone carvings are often worn as jewelry, symbolizing fortune in China."可知，人们佩戴桃核雕刻是因为它象征财富，也就是展示财富，B选项"带来好运"不准确，C、D选项文中未体现，故选A。
33．词义猜测题。根据"This kind of art requires focus, precision and elbow grease."，结合竹雕需要专注、精准，可推测"elbow grease"意思是努力工作，B、C、D选项不符合语境，故选A。
34．推理判断题。大足石刻、竹雕、桃核雕刻都体现了精湛的工艺（craftsmanship），A选项"材料"、B选项"起源"、D选项"象征"均不能全面概括，故选C。
35． All night long he lay awake, and thought of the problem=
All night long he lay awake, (用 think的适当形式填空) of the problem.
【答案】thinking
【知识点】现在分词；分词；状语
【解析】【分析】句意：他整夜躺着没睡着，思考着这个问题。"think"是动词，意为"思考；想"。此处考查现在分词作伴随状语的语法点，"he"与"think"是主动关系，用现在分词"thinking"，可表示伴随"lay awake" 这一动作同时发生的行为，故答案为：thinking。
【点评】考查现在分词作伴随状语的用法。注意：当分词与句子主语是主动关系，且表示与谓语动作同时发生的伴随动作时，用现在分词形式，要结合语境判断主被动及动作关系来正确运用。
36． All ____ we hear is in the form of waves(波).
A．which B．that C．when D．who
【答案】B
【知识点】that引导的定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：我们所听到的一切都是以波的形式存在的。"which"（关系代词，可引导定语从句，指物）；"that"（关系代词，可引导定语从句，指人或物）；"when"（关系副词，引导定语从句，表时间）；"who"（关系代词，引导定语从句，指人）。先行词是"All"（不定代词），在定语从句中作宾语，此时引导定语从句只能用"that"，可知要用"that"。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句中关系代词"that"在先行词为不定代词时的用法。注意：当先行词是不定代词（如 all、something 等）时，定语从句引导词常用"that"，需准确把握这类特殊情况的定语从句引导词选择规则。
37． This kind of art began in our country one thousand years ago. (用高级单词替换 began)
【答案】originated
【知识点】过去式和过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：这种艺术一千年前在我们国家开始出现。"began"意为"开始"，"originated"是更高级的词汇，有"起源；发源；创立"之意，语义契合且更具正式、精准的表达效果，可替换 。故答案为：originated。
【点评】考查同义词（"began"与"originated"）替换提升表达，注意"originated"在表示"起源、发端" 语境中的用法，依据语义精准替换优化语句。
38． One of my favorite pastimes is ____ novels.
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
【答案】D
【知识点】动名词；表语
【解析】【分析】句意：我最喜欢的消遣方式之一是读小说。"read"（动词原形，阅读）；"reads"（动词第三人称单数形式，阅读）；"to read"（动词不定式，阅读）；"reading"（动名词/现在分词，阅读）。"is"是系动词，此处需用动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，"reading"符合要求，可知选"reading"。故选D。
【点评】考查动名词作表语的用法。注意：当句子结构为主语 + be动词 + 表语，且表语需体现主语的具体内容（多为抽象行为）时，常用动名词形式，要结合句子结构判断表语的正确形式。
39． Although he loves his students, he is very strict with them. (用高级单词替换 Although)
【答案】While
【知识点】表转折关系的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管他爱自己的学生，但对他们很严格。"Although"意为"尽管；虽然"，"While"作为连词，同样有"尽管；虽然"之意，属于更具书面性、可替换的高级表达，语义和用法契合原句。故答案为：While。
【点评】考查同义词（"Although"与"While"）替换换提升表达，注意"While"引导让步状语从句时"尽管"这一语义的用法，依据语境精准替换，丰富语言表达。
A阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
About 70 million Americans are trying to lose weight. That is almost one out of every three people in the United States. Some people eat less food and they hardly have any fats or sweets. Others do running, exercise with machines, take medicines, 40． even have operations. So you can see losing weight is hard work, and it will also cost a lot of money. But 41． do so many people in the United States want to lose weight
Many people in the United States worry about their look of the body. For many people, looking nice also means to be 42． . Other people worry about their 43． as many doctors say overweight is not good.
Most people want to find a(n) 44． way to lose fat, and books of this kind are very popular. These books tell people how to lose weight. Each year a lot of new books like these are 45． . Each one says it can easily help people take fat away.
Losing weight can be 46． . Some overweight people go to health centers. Men and women 47． several hundred dollars a day at these health centers. People live there for one week or two, taking exercise, eating different foods. All these work is for losing weight. 48． 4 days on the programme, one woman called Mrs. Warren lost 5 pounds(2. 27 kg). She spent320 dollars to lose each pound but she said she was still glad to do so.
Health centers, books, medicines, operations, running and exercise machines all 49． a lot of money. So in the United States, losing weight may mean losing money too.
40．A． because B． but C． so D． or
41．A． why B． what C． how D． when
42．A． high B． short C． thin D． fat
43．A． health B． study C． wealth D． luck
44．A． dearer B． harder C． shorter D． easier
45．A． taken B． given C． written D． copied
46．A． cheap B． expensive C． easy D． safe
47．A． pay B． cost C． take D． have
48．A． Before B． In C． After D． At
49．A． need B． have C． use D． get
【答案】40．D；41．A；42．C；43．A；44．D；45．C；46．B；47．A；48．C；49．A
【知识点】说明文；健康与健身
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了美国约7000万人在尝试减肥，介绍了他们减肥的方式，如节食、运动、吃药、手术等，还分析了人们减肥的原因，包括关注外貌和健康等，同时指出减肥往往很昂贵。
【点评】考查完形填空，需结合上下文理解文意，注意词汇在语境中的准确含义，以及近义词在用法上的区别。
40．句意：有些人少吃食物，几乎不吃任何脂肪或甜食。另一些人跑步、使用健身器材锻炼、服用药物，或者甚至做手术。because因为；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据原文"Some people... Others..."可知这里是列举不同减肥方式，"服用药物"和"做手术"是选择关系，or符合语境。故选D。
41．句意：但为什么美国有这么多人想要减肥呢？why为什么；what什么；how怎样；when什么时候。根据原文语境，前文列举减肥方式后，这里是询问原因，why符合。故选A。
42．句意：对很多人来说，看起来好看也意味着变瘦。high高的；short矮的；thin瘦的；fat胖的。根据原文"Many people in the United States worry about their look of the body."以及常理，人们觉得好看常和瘦相关，thin符合。故选C。
43．句意：另一些人担心他们的健康，因为很多医生说超重不好。health健康；study学习；wealth财富；luck运气。根据原文"as many doctors say overweight is not good"可知医生说超重不好，所以是担心健康，health符合。故选A。
44．句意：大多数人都想找到一种更容易的减肥方法，这类书籍非常受欢迎。dearer更贵的；harder更难的；shorter更短的；easier更容易的。根据原文语境，人们希望减肥，自然是找更容易的方法，easier符合。故选D。
45．句意：每年都有很多这样的新书被写出来。taken拿走；given给予；written写；copied复制。根据原文"These books tell people how to lose weight."可知是有新书被写出来，written符合。故选C。
46．句意：减肥可能很昂贵。cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；easy容易的；safe安全的。根据原文"She spent 320 dollars to lose each pound but she said she was still glad to do so."以及后文提到各种减肥方式花费多，可知减肥昂贵，expensive符合。故选B。
47．句意：在这些健康中心，男性和女性每天要支付数百美元。pay支付；cost花费（物作主语）；take花费（常用于it takes sb. some time/money to do sth.）；have有。根据原文语境，这里主语是"Men and women"（人），表示支付费用，pay符合。故选A。
48．句意：在这个项目进行4天后，一位名叫沃伦夫人的女士减掉了5磅（2.27千克）。Before在……之前；In在……内；After在……之后；At在（某时间或时刻）。根据原文语境，这里表示经过4天项目后有了减肥成果，After符合。故选C。
49．句意：健康中心、书籍、药物、手术、跑步和健身器材都需要很多钱。need需要；have有；use使用；get得到。根据原文"Health centers, books, medicines, operations, running and exercise machines"以及"losing weight may mean losing money too"可知这些减肥方式都需要钱，need符合。故选A。
B阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格(每空一词)。
Reading is fun! You can also analyze texts to learn more from the texts and about the texts. One way you can do this with fiction books, passages, or poems is by exploring their themes.
A theme is a central idea running throughout the text, connecting the characters and events. The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme. Themes can be ideas like friendship, bravery, love, honesty or family. Make sure you know what the writer is saying.
Sometimes, themes are hard to find out. First, the theme may not be able to be included in just one word like the examples above. There may also be more than one theme in the text. What's more, some themes are not presented in the words directly. You have to use clues in the texts to find them.
To start exploring the theme, first you need to make sure you've read the whole text. Since themes develop over time, you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text. Then, ask yourself to sum up(概括) the text and try to work out a "big idea". For example, did many characters resolve problems with their families If there was only one small problem with a character's family, then "family" might not be the theme of the text. Finally, after finding out a "big idea", go through the text to find examples that support this idea. You needn't repeat every detail of the story—a few key examples will be fine.
Now you are ready to explore the theme of a text!
Exploring the 50． of a text
Main points Detailed information
51． is a theme ●A theme is a 52． idea that connects the characters and events. ●The 53． thoughts are possibly expressed through the theme.
Why is it 54． to find the theme ● You might not 55． the theme in just one word. ● There may also be more than one theme in the text. ● Some themes are not presented in a 56． way.
How can you explore the theme ●Read the text till the 57． to fully understand the themes. ● Work out a" big idea" of the text by summing up the text. ● Find some key examples to 58． the" big idea". It's not 59． to repeat every detail.
【答案】50．theme；51．What；52．central；53．writer's；54．hard/ difficult；55．include；56．direct；57．end；58．support；59．necessary
【知识点】故事阅读类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了探索文本主题的相关内容，包括主题的定义、寻找主题的困难以及探索主题的具体步骤（读完文本、概括文本找出"大观点"、找关键例子支持该观点等）。
【点评】考查阅读填表，做题时需先通读短文，理解整体内容，再根据表格线索定位原文关键语句，提取对应信息填空，注意词性、词形准确转换.
50．根据短文围绕探索文本主题（theme）展开，以及表格标题"Exploring the...of a text"，结合文章内容可知是探索文本的"theme（主题）"，故答案为theme。
51．从表格右侧"is a theme "以及文章对主题定义等内容的阐述，可知是问"什么是主题"，即"What is a theme "，故答案为What。
52．依据文中"A theme is a central idea running throughout the text"，可知主题是"central（核心的、中心的）"思想，故答案为central。
53．由"The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme"，可知是"writer's（作者的）"想法通过主题表达，故答案为writer's。
54．根据"Sometimes, themes are hard to find out"，可知找主题是"hard/difficult（困难的）"，故答案为hard/difficult。
55．从"the theme may not be able to be included in just one word"，可知是"include（包含）"，情态动词后用动词原形，故答案为include。
56．依据"some themes are not presented in the words directly"，可知是"direct（直接的）"方式，故答案为direct。
57．根据"you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text"，可知要读到"end（结尾）"，故答案为end。
58．由"go through the text to find examples that support this idea"，可知是"support（支持）"，故答案为support。
59．根据"You needn't repeat every detail of the story"，"needn't"等同于"it's not necessary to"，可知是"necessary（必要的）"，故答案为necessary。
Monday
60．自治的
61．地区；区域
62．梁；横梁
63．项目；工程
64．电缆；缆绳
65．高速公路
66．易碎的；易损的
67．生态的
68．斜坡；坡度
69．高度；身高
【答案】60．autonomous
61．region
62．beam
63．project
64．cable
65．expressway
66．fragile
67．ecological
68．slope
69．height
【知识点】个体名词；简单形容词；特征形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，要留意名词的可数性、形容词的修饰功能，准确掌握词汇在不同语境的用法。
60．"自治的"对应的单词是"autonomous"，它是形容词，用来修饰名词，描述具备自治属性的事物，比如"autonomous region（自治区）"，在句中可作定语、表语等，故答案为：autonomous。
61．"地区；区域"对应的单词是"region"，为名词，可指地理、行政等划分的区域，是可数名词，复数形式"regions"，像"different regions（不同地区）"，故答案为：region。
62．"梁；横梁"对应的单词是"beam"，是名词，可表示建筑、物理等领域的梁、光束等含义，可数名词，复数"beams"，例如"steel beams（钢梁）"，故答案为：beam。
63．"项目；工程"对应的单词是"project"，作名词时指有计划开展的项目、工程，可数名词，复数"projects"，也可作动词表"计划；投射"，此处取名词义，故答案为：project。
64．"电缆；缆绳"对应的单词是"cable"，为名词，可指传输用的电缆或牵引等的缆绳，可数名词，复数"cables"，比如"electric cables（电缆）"，故答案为：cable。
65．"高速公路"对应的单词是"expressway"，是名词，指专供快速通行的公路，可数名词，复数"expressways"，故答案为：expressway。
66．"易碎的；易损的"对应的单词是"fragile"，是形容词，修饰事物表示易破碎、易损坏，可作定语（如"fragile goods 易碎品"）、表语（如"The glass is fragile. 玻璃易碎"），故答案为：fragile。
67．"生态的"对应的单词是"ecological"，是形容词，用于和生态相关的描述，修饰名词，如"ecological balance（生态平衡）"，故答案为：ecological。
68．斜坡；坡度"对应的单词是"slope"，是名词，可指地形的斜坡或倾斜程度，可数名词，复数"slopes"，例如"a gentle slope（缓坡）"，故答案为：slope。
69．"高度；身高"对应的单词是"height"，为名词，可指物体高度、人的身高，不可数名词（表抽象高度概念），也用于"at the height of...（在……的高度；在……鼎盛期）"，故答案为：height。
Tuesday
70．娱乐；消遣
71．专业的；职业的
72．目的；意图
73．努力；尽力
74．终身的；毕生的
75．习惯性的；惯常的
76．好处；益处
77．不知所措的
78．灵感
79．促进；推动
【答案】70．amusement
71．professional
72．purpose
73．effort
74．lifelong
75．habitual
76．benefit
77．overwhelmed
78．inspiration
79．promote
【知识点】个体名词；抽象名词；简单形容词；特征形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，需注意名词的可数性、形容词的修饰功能、动词的及物属性等，准确把握词汇在不同语法角色中的用法。
70．"娱乐；消遣"对应的单词是"amusement"，为名词，可表示娱乐活动、消遣方式，可数或不可数（表示抽象概念时不可数，如"a place for amusement 娱乐场所"；指具体娱乐项目时可数，复数"amusements"），故答案为：amusement。
71．"专业的；职业的"对应的单词是"professional"，是形容词，用于描述与专业、职业相关的性质，可修饰名词（如"professional skills 专业技能"），也可作名词（指专业人员，可数，复数"professionals" ，此处取形容词义），故答案为：professional。
72．"目的；意图"对应的单词是"purpose"，为名词，指做某事的目标、意图，可数名词，常用搭配"on purpose（故意地）"，复数"purposes"，故答案为：purpose。
73．"努力；尽力"对应的单词是"effort"，是名词，可表示付出的努力、尝试，可数或不可数（"make an effort 努力"是可数；表抽象努力概念时不可数），复数"efforts"，故答案为：effort。
74．"终身的；毕生的"对应的单词是"lifelong"，是形容词，用于修饰名词，说明持续一生的属性，如"lifelong learning 终身学习"，故答案为：lifelong。
75．"习惯性的；惯常的"对应的单词是"habitual"，是形容词，描述因习惯而形成的常规状态，修饰名词，如"habitual behavior 习惯性行为"，故答案为：habitual。
76．"好处；益处"对应的单词是"benefit"，作名词时，指带来的益处、福利，可数或不可数（"the benefit of... ……的好处" 常作可数；表抽象福利概念时不可数），复数"benefits"；也可作动词（意为"使受益"，此处取名词义），故答案为：benefit。
77．"不知所措的"对应的单词是"overwhelmed"，是形容词，用于描述人处于极度困惑、难以应对的状态，常作表语（如"I feel overwhelmed. 我不知所措"），故答案为：overwhelmed。
78．"灵感"对应的单词是"inspiration"，为名词，指激发创作、想法的灵感，可数或不可数（"an inspiration 一个灵感来源"可数；表抽象灵感概念时不可数），复数"inspirations"，故答案为：inspiration。
79．"促进；推动"对应的单词是"promote"，是动词，意为推动事物发展、提升，及物动词，后接宾语（如"promote development 促进发展"），故答案为：promote。
Wednesday
80．比较;对照(n. )
81．正常的；平常的
82．专注于；聚焦于
83．进步；进展
84．要紧；有重大影响
85．心理学家
86．成就；成绩
87．积极的；肯定的
88．值得的
89．现实的；实际的
【答案】80．comparison
81．normal
82．focus on
83．progress
84．matter
85．psychologist
86．achievement
87．positive
88．worthwhile
89．realistic
【知识点】个体名词；抽象名词；简单形容词；特征形容词；不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，注意准确记忆单词的词义、词性及正确形式，尤其像派生词（如"comparison""psychologist"）、固定短语（如"focus on"）的拼写和用法，通过理解词义与词性关联来准确书写。
80．"比较；对照（n.）"对应的英文单词是"comparison"。它是名词，由动词"compare"（比较）派生而来，通过添加后缀"-ison"构成名词形式，在句中可作主语、宾语等，比如"make a comparison（进行一次比较）"。故答案为：comparison。
81．"正常的；平常的"对应单词为"normal"，是形容词，用于描述事物符合常规、常态的属性，可修饰名词，像"normal life（正常生活）"，其本身形式就是形容词常规形式，无特殊变化。故答案为：normal。
82．"专注于；聚焦于"对应的英文表达是"focus on"，是动词短语，"focus"作动词有"聚焦；集中"之意，"on"为介词，构成短语后在句中作谓语，接名词、代词或动名词等作宾语，如"focus on studying（专注于学习）"，是固定搭配形式。故答案为：focus on。
83．"进步；进展"对应单词"progress"，可作名词和动词。作名词时，指事物向前发展的过程、取得的进步，如"make progress（取得进步）"；作动词时，意为"进步；进展"，如"Our work is progressing well.（我们的工作进展顺利）"，这里按名词需求，用其名词形式。故答案为：progress。
84．"要紧；有重大影响"对应单词"matter"，作动词时表此含义，常用句式如"It matters that...（……是要紧的）"，也可作名词表"事情；物质"等，此处为动词用法，其形式就是动词原形常规形式。故答案为：matter。
85．"心理学家"对应单词"psychologist"，是名词，由"psychology"（心理学）派生而来，添加后缀"-ist"表示从事该学科相关工作的人，在句中可指具体的职业身份，如"a famous psychologist（一位著名的心理学家）"。故答案为：psychologist。
86．"成就；成绩"对应单词"achievement"，是名词，指个人或集体取得的成果，可作主语、宾语等，如"His achievements are remarkable.（他的成就很显著）"，是名词常规形式 。故答案为：achievement。
87．"积极的；肯定的"对应单词"positive"，是形容词，用于描述态度、性质等积极、肯定，可修饰名词，如"positive attitude（积极的态度）"，形式为形容词常规形式。故答案为：positive。
88．"值得的"对应单词"worthwhile"，是形容词，常用来修饰事物，说明做某事值得，如"a worthwhile project（一个值得做的项目）"，形式为形容词常规形式。故答案为：worthwhile。
89．"现实的；实际的"对应单词"realistic"，是形容词，描述对事物的看法、事物本身符合实际，可修饰名词，如"realistic plan（切实可行的计划 ）"，形式为形容词常规形式 。故答案为：realistic。
Thursday
90．全新的；崭新的
91．系列；连续
92．探索；探究
93．郊区；郊外
94．起源；发起
95．欣赏；感激
96．优雅；高雅
97．精确；准确
98．尽情享用；饱览
99．杰作；名著
【答案】90．brand-new
91．series
92．explore
93．outskirts
94．originate
95．appreciate
96．elegance
97．precision
98．feast
99．masterpiece
【知识点】动词原形；复合形容词；个体名词；抽象名词；特征形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意掌握复合形容词（如"brand-new"）、单复数同形名词（如"series"）、动词及名词的不同用法和常规形式，通过理解词义精准拼写，同时关注常用搭配。
90．"全新的；崭新的"对应的英文单词是"brand - new"。它是由"brand"（品牌，此处可理解为强调全新的程度）和"new"（新的）构成的复合形容词，在句中常作定语修饰名词，如"a brand-new car（一辆崭新的汽车）"，形式上就是固定的复合形容词形式。故答案为：brand-new。
91．"系列；连续"对应单词为"series"，是名词，单复数同形，既可以表示"一系列（事物）"，如"a series of books（一系列书籍）" ，也可表示"连续"的概念，其形式就是名词常规的单复数同形形式。故答案为：series。
92．"探索；探究"对应单词"explore"，是动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词、代词或从句等作宾语，如"explore the unknown（探索未知）"，形式为动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态表达。故答案为：explore。
93．"郊区；郊外"对应单词"outskirts"，是名词，常用复数形式（本身词形习惯用复数），表示城市周边的区域，如"on the outskirts of the city（在城市郊区）"，形式上是复数名词形式。故答案为：outskirts。
94．"起源；发起"对应单词"originate"，是动词，作"起源"讲时，常用搭配如"originate from（起源于）"；作"发起"讲时，可接名词等作宾语，如"originate a project（发起一个项目）"，形式为动词原形常规形式。故答案为：originate。
95．"欣赏；感激"对应单词"appreciate"，是动词，作"欣赏"讲时，可接名词、动名词等，如"appreciate art（欣赏艺术）" ；作"感激"讲时，常用搭配如"appreciate one's help（感激某人的帮助）"，形式为动词原形常规形式。故答案为：appreciate。
96．"优雅；高雅"对应单词"elegance"，是名词，用于表示一种优雅的特质、状态，如"the elegance of her behavior（她行为的高雅）"，形式为名词常规形式。故答案为：elegance。
97．"精确；准确"对应单词"precision"，是名词，常用来指事物的精确程度，如"the precision of the measurement（测量的精确性）"，形式为名词常规形式。故答案为：precision。
98．"尽情享用；饱览"对应单词"feast"，作动词时，有"尽情享用；饱览"之意，常用搭配如"feast on（尽情享用）"，如"feast on delicious food（尽情享用美食）"；也可作名词表示"宴会"等，此处为动词用法，形式为动词原形常规形式。故答案为：feast。
99．"杰作；名著"对应单词"masterpiece"，是名词，指在艺术、文学等领域的杰出作品，如"a literary masterpiece（一部文学名著）"，形式为名词常规形式。故答案为：masterpiece。
Friday
100．公路；干道
101．策略；战略
102．资源；财力
103．经济；节约
104．释放；发泄
105．附加的；额外的
106．有效地
107．获得；得到
108．围绕；包围
109．志趣相投的
【答案】100．highway
101．strategy
102．resource
103．economy
104．unleash
105．additional
106．efficiently
107．obtain
108．surround
109．like-minded
【知识点】复合形容词；个体名词；集体名词；抽象名词；简单形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，注意区分名词单复数（如"resource"）、词性转换（如"efficient"变副词"efficiently"）及复合形容词（如"like-minded" ）的正确拼写，结合词义准确书写。
100．"公路；干道"按词义，对应单词是"highway"，为名词，常用来指城市间的干线公路等，在句中可作主语、宾语等，如"The highway connects two cities.（这条公路连接两座城市）" ，是名词常规形式。故答案为：highway。
101．"策略；战略"对应单词"strategy"，名词，用于表示规划、计谋等，如"a marketing strategy（一项营销策略）"，是名词常规形式，可作主语、宾语。故答案为：strategy。
102．"资源；财力"对应单词"resource"，名词，常用复数形式"resources"表示各类资源，但此处按题意用单数形式也可表示抽象的"资源；财力"概念，如"natural resource（自然资源）"，这里是名词常规形式。故答案为：resource。
103．"经济；节约"对应单词"economy"，名词，作"经济"讲时，如"national economy（国民经济）" ；作"节约"讲时，是较为正式的表达，如"practice economy（实行节约）" ，是名词常规形式。故答案为：economy。
104．"释放；发泄"对应单词"unleash"，动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词作宾语，如"unleash one's anger（发泄某人的愤怒）"，是动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态。故答案为：unleash。
105．"附加的；额外的"对应单词"additional"，形容词，用于修饰名词，说明是额外添加的，如"additional information（附加信息）"，是形容词常规形式。故答案为：additional。
106．"有效地"对应单词"efficiently"，副词，由形容词"efficient"（有效的）加后缀"-ly"构成，用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，如"work efficiently（有效地工作）"，是副词常规形式。故答案为：efficiently。
107．"获得；得到"对应单词"obtain"，动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词作宾语，如"obtain a degree（获得一个学位）"，是动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态。故答案为：obtain。
108．"围绕；包围"对应单词"surround"，动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词作宾语，如"surround the city（包围这座城市）"，是动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态。故答案为：surround。
109．"志趣相投的"对应单词"like-minded"，是由"like"（类似的）和"minded"（有……思想的）构成的复合形容词，用于修饰名词，如"like-minded people（志趣相投的人 ）" ，是复合形容词常规形式。故答案为：like-minded。
1 / 1哈佛英语时文阅读-中考 Week6
Monday内蒙古西拉沐沦特大桥通车
China is famous for its great ability to build infrastructure. Recently, the Inner Mongoliaautonomous region in North China has something new to be proud of. The SharmoronBridge has been opened.
This big bridge is in the Hexigten Banner ofChifeng City. It sets a new world record for the region. It is the first bridge built in an aeolian sand canyon area in the world. And it's now the highest and longest PC beam multi-low tower cable-stayed bridge. The whole project cost 904million yuan.
The bridge is part of the Jingpeng-Ulan Butong Expressway. It is 2, 064 meters long. The main bridge has six cable towers. Each is 38 meters tall. The total height from the tower base to the beam is 210m.
The bridge goes through the fragile ecological areas of the Hunshandake Sandy Land, which is an important place of the local Hongshan Culture. The surface layer of the aeolian sand along the riverbanks reaches depths of up to 60m. The slopes are between 30 degrees and40 degrees. There are big differences in height and it's hard to stay stable. So, all the bridge piles had to be placed deep in the thick acolian sand layers.
The construction faced many problems. It was hard to build roads and drilling platforms. The U-shaped canyon had big temperature changes and frequent strong winds, which made the concrete more likely to crack and there were high safety risks.
Now that the bridge is open, the travel time between important places in the region has been cut in half. Before, it took two and a half hours to go from Jingpeng to Ulan Butong. Now, it takes less than an hour. This project connects Inner Mongolia with the Bohai SeaEconomic Rim. It's also an important way to the sea and a good tourist highway for the central part of Inner Mongolia.
It's expected to play a significant role in making the road network layout in central InnerMongolia better. It will support the opening and development strategies of the Belt and RoadInitiative in the north and west. And it's thought to help develop resources and the economy along the way.
1．How long is the Sharmoron Bridge
A．2, 064 meters. B．904 meters.
C．38 meters. D．210 meters.
2．We can know from the passage that. ____
A．the construction of the bridge was very easy
B．the bridge has no influence on the local economy
C．the bridge will improve the local road network
D．there are no other bridges in Inner Mongolia
3．From the passage we can infer that the weather in the area of the bridge is ____ .
A．always sunny B．very stable C．changeable D．never windy
4．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．The problems during the construction.
B．The cost of the construction.
C．The location of the bridge.
D．The height of the bridge.
5．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To introduce the history of Inner Mongolia.
B．To describe the beauty of the bridge.
C．To explain the difficulties in building the bridge.
D．To report the opening of the Sharmoron Bridge and its significance.
6． France is very famous ____ its grape wine.
A．as B．in C．of D．for
7． I want my parents to be proud (用适当的单词填空) me.
8． The research (用 lead 的适当形式填空) by Bill has made a great discovery.
9． Water, ____ is a clear liquid(液体), has many uses.
A．that B．it C．which D．this
10． Since he has apologized, let's forgive him. (用高级短语替换 Since)
Tuesday 每天学习一点点
We usually learn new things for amusementLearn and professional development. No mattertake effort to learn something new every day. Onlya few of us are lifelong learners, but most peoplewhat the purpose of learning is, you shouldNewSomething are busy with their habitual everyday routines andactivities. However, learning something new dailyoffers great benefits and possibilities. You can findEveryday learning chances everywhere since people are overwhelmed with free sources of knowledge these days. Incorporate a habit of learning something new into your daily routine and enrich your life with fresh ideas, new people and inspiration.
New information promotes self-improvement and personal growth. Successful people say that personal growth is the key to their achievements. That's why they are never satisfied with what they've already learned. When we learn something new, we get new experience and skills. It means we deepen our understanding of the world and unleash our hidden talent. Moreover, learning new things will make you proud and increase your self-confidence.
I was always too busy to add an additional point to my daily schedule. That's the main reason why I never had enough time to read and learn new things for my hobbies. However, I've learned that having one more task on my to-do list is the best way to structure my daily routine and improve my perception of time. I've realized I should manage time wisely. Stop complaining that you don't have free time to read. Learn to use your time more efficiently so that you can do things you want to do.
I realize that I've met most of my friends while learning new things and obtaining new experiences. When you join an organization or a club, you are surrounded with like-minded people and just uncommon characters. Chances are you'll find close friends among them.
Develop a habit of learning something new each day and you'll be sorry you didn't. It can improve the quality of your life and help you both professionally and personally. Do you think learning something new daily is important
11．What can make our life rich according to Paragraph 1
A．Daily routines. B．Everyday activities.
C．New inspiration. D．Learning chances.
12．What does the underlined word "It" refer to in Paragraph 2
A．Looking for the key to their achievements.
B．Getting new experience and skills.
C．Making us proud.
D．Increasing our self-confidence.
13．We can infer from the passage that the writer ____ .
A．is always busy with her habitual everyday routines
B．believed her personal growth was the key to her achievement
C．has probably added a reading task on her to-do list
D．believe that new people should be introduced by old ones
14．The passage tells the following benefits of learning something new daily except ____ .
A．promoting personal growth B．learning time management skills
C．meeting new people D．setting a good example
15．In which part of a magazine would you most probably read the text
A．Work& Life. B．Science.
C．Travel. D．Health.
16． The children had lots of joy in the park. (用高级单词替换 joy)
17． Don't make noise! Your father is busy (用 prepare 的适当形式填空) a report.
18． The Internet is very useful in our everyday life. (用高级单词替换 everyday)
19． The reforms are aimed at (释放) the market's potential.
20． They became good friends because they were (志趣相投的).
Wednesday 向外比不如向内比
Do you compare yourself to other people Perhaps your best friend receivedsomething you really wanted forChristmas, or you' re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.
"We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves, " says psychologist Nicola Abbott. "But comparing your achievements to your past self(where you started) and your future self(where you'd like to get to) can be more positive. " This can make you feel proud of what you' ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top:
Do comparisons make you unhappy Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do without realizing it. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it's important to be realistic and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online and on social media. Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you' re good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like " ▲ ""What do I feel proud of " and" What improvements can I notice " can help to improve your self-esteem(how positive you feel about yourself).
"Jealousy is an ordinary feeling, " says Antrobus, "but focusing on improving your own performance can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend's achievements can help not only to improve your friend's feeling but can also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up. "
21．According to Paragraph 2, Nicola Abbott agrees that it's better to compare ____ .
A．your failures with your past self and future self
B．yourselves to others who are doing better
C．yourselves to others who are doing worse
D．your achievements to your past self and future self
22．Which paragraph talks about the meaning of comparing yourself to others
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
23．Which of the following can be put into" ▲ " in the fourth paragraph
A．Who amI B．What amI good at
C．How canI help you D．Where doI come from
24．The purpose of the last paragraph is to suggest ____ .
A．not arguing with those around you
B．trying to do better than those around you
C．not minding the feeling of being jealous
D．learning to congratulate your friends on their progress
25． The children are allowed (用 watch的适当形式填空) TV after school.
26． For a student, studying hard is what is important. (用高级单词替换 is important)
27． We need to have a (用 realize的适当形式填空) plan to achieve our goals.
28． My friend Bob suggests (用 play 的适当形式填空) golf this afternoon.
29． Mr. Li encourages us ____ more English in class.
A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．spoke
Thursday 传统手工艺术
Stuck at home with nothing to watch Curious about China, but don't knowwhere to begin Well, we've got you covered with this brand-new video series exploringChinese culture. All you have to do is press play.
Dazu Rock Carvings
One of China's UNESCO World Heritage Sites is hidden among the mountains on the outskirts of the southwestern city of Chongqing. Here, tens of thousands of sculptures collectively make up the Dazu Rock Carvings— considered one of the finest examples of China's cave art, exhibiting the most sophisticated craftsmanship of theDazu Rock Carvings. The delicate Dazu Rock Carvings tell ancient, mystical stories.
____
The art of bamboo sculpture originated in the Ming Dynasty. Today, the art lives on, appreciated for its historical value and clegance. Just 100 kilometers southwest of Beijing, in the Xiong' an New Area, a group of skilled artists are keeping this art alive. This kind of art requires focus, precision and elbow grease. Watch the video and feast your eyes on the bamboo masterpieces.
Peach-stone Carvings
In the small town of Siyang in Jiangsu Province in eastern China, craftsmen create art on the tiny core of the peaches. While most people think nothing of peach stones and just throw them away, they are source of inspiration for these artists. The artist goes to great lengths to find the perfect core to fit his concept. Using tiny tools, they chip away at the cores to create intricate designs, extremely detailed and delicate. These peach-stone carvings are often worn as jewelry, symbolizing fortune in China.
30．What is the feature of the Dazu Rock Carvings
A．Mysterious tales. B．Mountain shapes.
C．Design inspirations. D．Painting exhibitions.
31．What would be the best heading for the second piece of news
A．The History of B．The Origination of Bamboo
C．Bamboo Carvings D．The Value of Bamboo
32．Why do people wear peach-stone carvings
A．To show wealth. B．To bring good luck.
C．To symbolize status. D．To appreciate design.
33．What do the underlined words" elbow grease" mean
A．Hard work. B．Big head.
C．Physical health. D．Elbow problem.
34．All the news above has something to do with ____ .
A．material B．origins C．craftsmanship D．symbols
35． All night long he lay awake, and thought of the problem=
All night long he lay awake, (用 think的适当形式填空) of the problem.
36． All ____ we hear is in the form of waves(波).
A．which B．that C．when D．who
37． This kind of art began in our country one thousand years ago. (用高级单词替换 began)
38． One of my favorite pastimes is ____ novels.
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
39． Although he loves his students, he is very strict with them. (用高级单词替换 Although)
A阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
About 70 million Americans are trying to lose weight. That is almost one out of every three people in the United States. Some people eat less food and they hardly have any fats or sweets. Others do running, exercise with machines, take medicines, 40． even have operations. So you can see losing weight is hard work, and it will also cost a lot of money. But 41． do so many people in the United States want to lose weight
Many people in the United States worry about their look of the body. For many people, looking nice also means to be 42． . Other people worry about their 43． as many doctors say overweight is not good.
Most people want to find a(n) 44． way to lose fat, and books of this kind are very popular. These books tell people how to lose weight. Each year a lot of new books like these are 45． . Each one says it can easily help people take fat away.
Losing weight can be 46． . Some overweight people go to health centers. Men and women 47． several hundred dollars a day at these health centers. People live there for one week or two, taking exercise, eating different foods. All these work is for losing weight. 48． 4 days on the programme, one woman called Mrs. Warren lost 5 pounds(2. 27 kg). She spent320 dollars to lose each pound but she said she was still glad to do so.
Health centers, books, medicines, operations, running and exercise machines all 49． a lot of money. So in the United States, losing weight may mean losing money too.
40．A． because B． but C． so D． or
41．A． why B． what C． how D． when
42．A． high B． short C． thin D． fat
43．A． health B． study C． wealth D． luck
44．A． dearer B． harder C． shorter D． easier
45．A． taken B． given C． written D． copied
46．A． cheap B． expensive C． easy D． safe
47．A． pay B． cost C． take D． have
48．A． Before B． In C． After D． At
49．A． need B． have C． use D． get
B阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格(每空一词)。
Reading is fun! You can also analyze texts to learn more from the texts and about the texts. One way you can do this with fiction books, passages, or poems is by exploring their themes.
A theme is a central idea running throughout the text, connecting the characters and events. The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme. Themes can be ideas like friendship, bravery, love, honesty or family. Make sure you know what the writer is saying.
Sometimes, themes are hard to find out. First, the theme may not be able to be included in just one word like the examples above. There may also be more than one theme in the text. What's more, some themes are not presented in the words directly. You have to use clues in the texts to find them.
To start exploring the theme, first you need to make sure you've read the whole text. Since themes develop over time, you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text. Then, ask yourself to sum up(概括) the text and try to work out a "big idea". For example, did many characters resolve problems with their families If there was only one small problem with a character's family, then "family" might not be the theme of the text. Finally, after finding out a "big idea", go through the text to find examples that support this idea. You needn't repeat every detail of the story—a few key examples will be fine.
Now you are ready to explore the theme of a text!
Exploring the 50． of a text
Main points Detailed information
51． is a theme ●A theme is a 52． idea that connects the characters and events. ●The 53． thoughts are possibly expressed through the theme.
Why is it 54． to find the theme ● You might not 55． the theme in just one word. ● There may also be more than one theme in the text. ● Some themes are not presented in a 56． way.
How can you explore the theme ●Read the text till the 57． to fully understand the themes. ● Work out a" big idea" of the text by summing up the text. ● Find some key examples to 58． the" big idea". It's not 59． to repeat every detail.
Monday
60．自治的
61．地区；区域
62．梁；横梁
63．项目；工程
64．电缆；缆绳
65．高速公路
66．易碎的；易损的
67．生态的
68．斜坡；坡度
69．高度；身高
Tuesday
70．娱乐；消遣
71．专业的；职业的
72．目的；意图
73．努力；尽力
74．终身的；毕生的
75．习惯性的；惯常的
76．好处；益处
77．不知所措的
78．灵感
79．促进；推动
Wednesday
80．比较;对照(n. )
81．正常的；平常的
82．专注于；聚焦于
83．进步；进展
84．要紧；有重大影响
85．心理学家
86．成就；成绩
87．积极的；肯定的
88．值得的
89．现实的；实际的
Thursday
90．全新的；崭新的
91．系列；连续
92．探索；探究
93．郊区；郊外
94．起源；发起
95．欣赏；感激
96．优雅；高雅
97．精确；准确
98．尽情享用；饱览
99．杰作；名著
Friday
100．公路；干道
101．策略；战略
102．资源；财力
103．经济；节约
104．释放；发泄
105．附加的；额外的
106．有效地
107．获得；得到
108．围绕；包围
109．志趣相投的
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．C
4．A
5．D
【知识点】新闻报道类；公共设施；细节理解；推理判断；段落大意
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了内蒙古Sharmoron Bridge通车，介绍了桥的位置、长度、建设时面临的生态环境与施工难题，以及通车后对当地交通、经济、路网布局和"一带一路"相关战略的意义。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做阅读理解时，细节题要精准定位原文找关键数据、信息；推理题结合文本逻辑推导；段落大意题概括段落核心内容；文章大意题梳理全文脉络。通过抓取关键信息，理解文本主旨与细节来解题。
1．细节理解题。根据文中"The bridge is part of the Jingpeng - Ulan Butong Expressway. It is 2, 064 meters long."可知，Sharmoron Bridge长2064米，故选A。
2．推理判断题。从"It's expected to play a significant role in making the road network layout in central Inner Mongolia better."可推断出这座桥会改善当地路网，A选项与"The construction faced many problems."不符；B选项与"It's thought to help develop resources and the economy along the way."不符；D选项文中未提及内蒙古无其他桥，故选C。
3．推理判断题。由"The U - shaped canyon had big temperature changes and frequent strong winds"可知，桥所在区域天气多变，A选项"always sunny"、B选项"very stable"、D选项"never windy"均不符，故选C。
4．段落大意题。第四段讲了桥建设面临的问题，如道路修建难、钻孔平台搭建难、峡谷温差大且风大等，所以段落大意是建设中遇到的问题，故选A。
5．文章大意题。文章报道了内蒙古Sharmoron Bridge通车，介绍了桥的基本信息、建设难题及通车意义等，主要目的是报道桥通车及意义，故选D。
6．【答案】D
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：法国因它的葡萄酒而非常出名。as（作为）；in（在……里）；of（……的）；for（因为）。根据"be famous for（因……而著名）"是固定短语，此处表达法国因葡萄酒闻名，可知用"for"。故选D。
【点评】考查固定短语"be famous for"的用法。注意：区分"be famous as（作为……而著名 ）"与"be famous for（因……而著名 ）"，根据语境选合适短语。
7．【答案】of
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：我想让我的父母为我感到骄傲。"proud"是形容词，意为"骄傲的；自豪的"，"be proud of..."是固定短语，意为"为……感到骄傲/自豪"，考查的语法点是固定短语的用法 ，此处需要用"of"来构成该短语，故答案为：of。
【点评】考查固定短语"be proud of"的用法，注意记忆和正确运用这类表示情感与对象关联的固定搭配。
8．【答案】led
【知识点】过去式和过去分词；分词；定语
【解析】【分析】句意：由比尔主导的这项研究有了重大发现。"lead"是动词，常见词义为"带领；引领；主导"。此处考查过去分词作定语的语法点，"research（研究）"和"lead"之间是被动关系，即研究是被比尔主导的，所以用"lead"的过去分词形式"led"，"led by Bill"作后置定语修饰"research"，故答案为：led。
【点评】考查过去分词作定语的用法，注意判断动词与所修饰名词之间的被动关系，正确使用过去分词形式。
9．【答案】C
【知识点】which引导的定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：水是一种清澈的液体，有很多用途。that（引导定语从句等，表"那；那个"）；it（人称代词，表"它"）；which（引导定语从句等，表"哪一个"）；this（指示代词，表"这；这个"）。句子含非限制性定语从句，先行词是"Water"（指物），且在从句中作主语。非限制性定语从句修饰物时，需用"which"引导 ，所以选"which"。故选C。
【点评】考查非限制性定语从句引导词的用法。注意："that"一般不用于非限制性定语从句；引导此类从句修饰物时，常用"which"，要结合从句类型、先行词选对引导词。
10．【答案】Now that
【知识点】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：既然他已经道歉了，那我们原谅他吧。"Since"在此处表"既然；由于"，"Now that"是同义高级短语，同样用于引出已知事实作为理由，替换后语义不变且表达更具文采。故答案为：Now that。
【点评】考查同义短语替换（"Since"与"Now that"表"既然"时的替换），注意二者语义和用法的一致性，及在语境中准确替换提升表达档次。
【答案】11．C
12．B
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知识点】议论文；学会学习；细节理解；推理判断；代词指代
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了日常学习新事物的重要性，包括能丰富生活、促进个人成长、学习时间管理、结识新朋友等好处，还分享了作者在时间管理和学习新事物方面的感悟。
【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时需先通读文章把握主旨，再针对各题定位原文关键语句，结合细节理解、推理判断等方法解题，注意区分不同题型的解题思路。
11．细节理解题。根据文中第一段"Incorporate a habit of learning something new into your daily routine and enrich your life with fresh ideas, new people and inspiration." ，可知能让生活丰富的是新的灵感等，"new inspiration"符合，故答案为C。
12．代词指代题。根据文中第二段"When we learn something new, we get new experience and skills. It means we deepen our understanding of the world and unleash our hidden talent."，"It"指代的是前文"getting new experience and skills"，故答案为B。
13．推理判断题。根据文中第三段"However, I've learned that having one more task on my to-do list is the best way to structure my daily routine and improve my perception of time. I've realized I should manage time wisely. Stop complaining that you don't have free time to read."，可推断作者可能在待办清单里添加了阅读任务，故答案为C。
14．细节理解题。文中提到日常学习新事物的好处有促进个人成长（"New information promotes self - improvement and personal growth."）、学习时间管理（"I've learned that having one more task on my to-do list is the best way to structure my daily routine and improve my perception of time."）、结识新朋友（"I realize that I've met most of my friends while learning new things and obtaining new experiences."），未提及"setting a good example"，故答案为D。
15．文章出处题。文章围绕日常学习新事物对工作和生活的积极影响展开，"Work & Life"（工作与生活）板块符合，故答案为A。
16．【答案】amusement
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：孩子们在公园里收获了诸多快乐。"joy"意为"快乐；喜悦"，"amusement"是更具文采的高级词汇，同样表示"乐趣；欢乐"，语义契合可替换。故答案为：amusement。
【点评】考查同义词（"joy"与"amusement"）替换提升表达，注意积累高级词汇，依据语境选语义匹配的词优化表达。
17．【答案】preparing
【知识点】现在分词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：别吵闹！你爸爸正忙着准备一份报告。"prepare"是动词，意为"准备"。此处考查"be busy doing sth.（忙于做某事）"的语法点，"is busy"后需接动词的- ing形式，所以用"preparing"，故答案为：preparing。
【点评】考查"be busy doing sth." 这一固定短语的用法。注意：牢记"be busy"后接动词- ing形式的结构，准确运用此类表达描述忙于做的事。
18．【答案】daily
【知识点】形容词作表语
【解析】【分析】句意：互联网在我们的日常生活中非常有用。"everyday"意为"日常的；平常的"，"daily"是同义高级词汇，同样表示"日常的"，语义一致可替换。故答案为：daily。
【点评】考查同义词（"everyday"与"daily"）替换提升表达，注意积累同义高级词汇，依据语境选合适词汇优化表述。
19．【答案】unleashing
【知识点】动名词；宾语
【解析】【分析】句意：这些改革旨在释放市场的潜力。根据"be aimed at doing sth.（旨在做某事，致力于做某事）"这一固定用法，"at"是介词，后接动词要用动名词形式，"释放"的英文"unleash"的动名词是"unleashing"，可知此处应填"unleashing"，故答案为unleashing。
【点评】考查"be aimed at doing sth." 固定短语搭配及动名词的用法，注意介词"at"后接动词时，要将动词变为动名词形式（一般在动词后加- ing），准确运用此类结构表达"旨在做某事"的语义。
20．【答案】like-minded
【知识点】复合形容词；特征形容词；形容词作表语
【解析】【分析】句意：他们成了好朋友，因为他们志趣相投。根据句子语境及中文提示"志趣相投的"，对应的英文形容词是"like-minded"，在句中作表语，符合"be + 形容词"的结构，可知此处应填"like-minded"，故答案为like-minded。
【点评】考查形容词"like-minded"的词义及用法，注意积累这类描述人物特质、契合特定语境的形容词，准确运用其表达"志趣相投"的语义，丰富语言表达。
【答案】21．D
22．C
23．B
24．D
【知识点】议论文；心理健康；细节理解；推理判断；段落大意
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了与他人比较和与自己（过去、未来 ）比较的相关内容，包括不同比较方式的影响、和他人比较的意义，以及如何通过正确自我提问、祝贺朋友进步等促进心理健康。
【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时需先梳理文章主旨，针对各题定位段落关键语句，运用细节理解、推理判断等方法解题，注意把握段落核心内容及语境逻辑。
21．细节理解题。根据文中第二段"But comparing your achievements to your past self(where you started) and your future self(where you'd like to get to) can be more positive." ，可知Nicola Abbott认为把自己的成就和过去及未来的自己比较更好，故答案为D。
22．段落大意题。根据文中第三段"Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do without realizing it. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests."，可知第三段讲了和他人比较的意义，故答案为C。
23．推理判断题。根据文中第四段"asking yourself questions like ‘▲' ‘What do I feel proud of ' and ‘What improvements can I notice ' can help to improve your self - esteem"，结合语境，与自我优势相关的问题"What am I good at "符合，故答案为B。
24．细节理解题。根据文中最后一段"Besides, learning to celebrate your friend's achievements can help not only to improve your friend's feeling but can also help you feel good."，可知最后一段建议学会祝贺朋友的进步，故答案为D。
25．【答案】to watch
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式；不定式作宾语补足语
【解析】【分析】句意：孩子们被允许放学后看电视。"watch"是动词，意为"观看"。此处考查"be allowed to do sth.（被允许做某事）"的语法点，该结构中需用动词不定式形式，所以用"to watch"，故答案为：to watch。
【点评】考查"be allowed to do sth." 这一固定短语的用法。注意：牢记"be allowed"后接动词不定式的结构，准确运用此类表达描述"被允许做的事"。
26．【答案】matters
【知识点】第三人称单数
【解析】【分析】句意：对学生而言，努力学习是重要的事。"is important"表达"是重要的"，"matters"作为动词，有"要紧；有重大影响"之意，语义契合且更简洁高级，可替换。故答案为：matters.
【点评】考查同义词（"is important"与"matters"）替换提升表达，注意"matters"作动词表"重要" 时的用法，依据清语境中精准替换优化表意。
27．【答案】realistic
【知识点】简单形容词；形容词作定语置于名词前
【解析】【分析】句意：我们需要有一个切实可行的计划来实现我们的目标。"realize"是动词，意为"实现；意识到"。此处需要形容词修饰"plan"，"realistic"是"realize"的形容词形式，意为"现实的；切实可行的"，符合"a + 形容词 + plan"的语法结构，故答案为：realistic。
【点评】考查"realize"的形容词形式"realistic"的词义及用法。注意：要根据句子语法结构（此处修饰名词需用形容词），准确转换词性，掌握"realistic"这类由动词派生而来的形容词在描述事物性质时的运用。
28．【答案】playing
【知识点】动名词；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：我的朋友鲍勃建议今天下午打高尔夫球。"play"是动词，意为"打；玩"。此处考查"suggest doing sth.（建议做某事）"的语法点，"suggest"后接动词要用动名词形式，所以用"playing"，故答案为：playing。
【点评】考查"suggest doing sth." 这一固定短语的用法。注意：牢记"suggest"后接动名词的结构，准确运用此类表达描述"建议做的事"。
29．【答案】C
【知识点】固定搭配；动词不定式；不定式作宾语补足语
【解析】【分析】句意：李老师鼓励我们在课堂上多说英语。"speak"（动词原形，说）；"speaking"（动名词/现在分词，说）；"to speak"（动词不定式，说）；"spoke"（动词过去式，说）。根据："encourage sb. to do sth."（鼓励某人做某事）这一固定用法 ，可知此处需用动词不定式"to speak"。故选C。
【点评】考查"encourage sb. to do sth." 固定短语的用法。注意：牢记此类"动词 + sb. + to do sth."结构的短语，准确运用其表达"鼓励/要求等某人做某事"的语义。
【答案】30．A
31．C
32．A
33．A
34．C
【知识点】说明文；细节理解；推理判断；标题选择；非物质文化遗产（技艺传承）
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了大足石刻、竹雕、桃核雕刻三种中国传统手工艺术，介绍了它们的特点、起源、艺术价值及文化意义等内容。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做阅读理解时，细节题要定位关键语句找答案；标题题需概括段落核心内容选最贴切的；词义猜测题结合语境推理；推理题要梳理文本信息归纳共性。通过精准抓取信息，理解传统工艺相关知识来解题。
30．细节理解题。根据文中"The delicate Dazu Rock Carvings tell ancient, mystical stories."可知，大足石刻的特点是讲述古老神秘的故事，也就是蕴含神秘传说，故选A。
31．标题选择题。第二段围绕竹雕艺术展开，介绍其起源、现状等，"Bamboo Carvings"（竹雕）能准确概括该段内容，A、B、D选项均不能完整涵盖，故选C。
32．细节理解题。从"These peach - stone carvings are often worn as jewelry, symbolizing fortune in China."可知，人们佩戴桃核雕刻是因为它象征财富，也就是展示财富，B选项"带来好运"不准确，C、D选项文中未体现，故选A。
33．词义猜测题。根据"This kind of art requires focus, precision and elbow grease."，结合竹雕需要专注、精准，可推测"elbow grease"意思是努力工作，B、C、D选项不符合语境，故选A。
34．推理判断题。大足石刻、竹雕、桃核雕刻都体现了精湛的工艺（craftsmanship），A选项"材料"、B选项"起源"、D选项"象征"均不能全面概括，故选C。
35．【答案】thinking
【知识点】现在分词；分词；状语
【解析】【分析】句意：他整夜躺着没睡着，思考着这个问题。"think"是动词，意为"思考；想"。此处考查现在分词作伴随状语的语法点，"he"与"think"是主动关系，用现在分词"thinking"，可表示伴随"lay awake" 这一动作同时发生的行为，故答案为：thinking。
【点评】考查现在分词作伴随状语的用法。注意：当分词与句子主语是主动关系，且表示与谓语动作同时发生的伴随动作时，用现在分词形式，要结合语境判断主被动及动作关系来正确运用。
36．【答案】B
【知识点】that引导的定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：我们所听到的一切都是以波的形式存在的。"which"（关系代词，可引导定语从句，指物）；"that"（关系代词，可引导定语从句，指人或物）；"when"（关系副词，引导定语从句，表时间）；"who"（关系代词，引导定语从句，指人）。先行词是"All"（不定代词），在定语从句中作宾语，此时引导定语从句只能用"that"，可知要用"that"。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句中关系代词"that"在先行词为不定代词时的用法。注意：当先行词是不定代词（如 all、something 等）时，定语从句引导词常用"that"，需准确把握这类特殊情况的定语从句引导词选择规则。
37．【答案】originated
【知识点】过去式和过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：这种艺术一千年前在我们国家开始出现。"began"意为"开始"，"originated"是更高级的词汇，有"起源；发源；创立"之意，语义契合且更具正式、精准的表达效果，可替换 。故答案为：originated。
【点评】考查同义词（"began"与"originated"）替换提升表达，注意"originated"在表示"起源、发端" 语境中的用法，依据语义精准替换优化语句。
38．【答案】D
【知识点】动名词；表语
【解析】【分析】句意：我最喜欢的消遣方式之一是读小说。"read"（动词原形，阅读）；"reads"（动词第三人称单数形式，阅读）；"to read"（动词不定式，阅读）；"reading"（动名词/现在分词，阅读）。"is"是系动词，此处需用动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，"reading"符合要求，可知选"reading"。故选D。
【点评】考查动名词作表语的用法。注意：当句子结构为主语 + be动词 + 表语，且表语需体现主语的具体内容（多为抽象行为）时，常用动名词形式，要结合句子结构判断表语的正确形式。
39．【答案】While
【知识点】表转折关系的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管他爱自己的学生，但对他们很严格。"Although"意为"尽管；虽然"，"While"作为连词，同样有"尽管；虽然"之意，属于更具书面性、可替换的高级表达，语义和用法契合原句。故答案为：While。
【点评】考查同义词（"Although"与"While"）替换换提升表达，注意"While"引导让步状语从句时"尽管"这一语义的用法，依据语境精准替换，丰富语言表达。
【答案】40．D；41．A；42．C；43．A；44．D；45．C；46．B；47．A；48．C；49．A
【知识点】说明文；健康与健身
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了美国约7000万人在尝试减肥，介绍了他们减肥的方式，如节食、运动、吃药、手术等，还分析了人们减肥的原因，包括关注外貌和健康等，同时指出减肥往往很昂贵。
【点评】考查完形填空，需结合上下文理解文意，注意词汇在语境中的准确含义，以及近义词在用法上的区别。
40．句意：有些人少吃食物，几乎不吃任何脂肪或甜食。另一些人跑步、使用健身器材锻炼、服用药物，或者甚至做手术。because因为；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据原文"Some people... Others..."可知这里是列举不同减肥方式，"服用药物"和"做手术"是选择关系，or符合语境。故选D。
41．句意：但为什么美国有这么多人想要减肥呢？why为什么；what什么；how怎样；when什么时候。根据原文语境，前文列举减肥方式后，这里是询问原因，why符合。故选A。
42．句意：对很多人来说，看起来好看也意味着变瘦。high高的；short矮的；thin瘦的；fat胖的。根据原文"Many people in the United States worry about their look of the body."以及常理，人们觉得好看常和瘦相关，thin符合。故选C。
43．句意：另一些人担心他们的健康，因为很多医生说超重不好。health健康；study学习；wealth财富；luck运气。根据原文"as many doctors say overweight is not good"可知医生说超重不好，所以是担心健康，health符合。故选A。
44．句意：大多数人都想找到一种更容易的减肥方法，这类书籍非常受欢迎。dearer更贵的；harder更难的；shorter更短的；easier更容易的。根据原文语境，人们希望减肥，自然是找更容易的方法，easier符合。故选D。
45．句意：每年都有很多这样的新书被写出来。taken拿走；given给予；written写；copied复制。根据原文"These books tell people how to lose weight."可知是有新书被写出来，written符合。故选C。
46．句意：减肥可能很昂贵。cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；easy容易的；safe安全的。根据原文"She spent 320 dollars to lose each pound but she said she was still glad to do so."以及后文提到各种减肥方式花费多，可知减肥昂贵，expensive符合。故选B。
47．句意：在这些健康中心，男性和女性每天要支付数百美元。pay支付；cost花费（物作主语）；take花费（常用于it takes sb. some time/money to do sth.）；have有。根据原文语境，这里主语是"Men and women"（人），表示支付费用，pay符合。故选A。
48．句意：在这个项目进行4天后，一位名叫沃伦夫人的女士减掉了5磅（2.27千克）。Before在……之前；In在……内；After在……之后；At在（某时间或时刻）。根据原文语境，这里表示经过4天项目后有了减肥成果，After符合。故选C。
49．句意：健康中心、书籍、药物、手术、跑步和健身器材都需要很多钱。need需要；have有；use使用；get得到。根据原文"Health centers, books, medicines, operations, running and exercise machines"以及"losing weight may mean losing money too"可知这些减肥方式都需要钱，need符合。故选A。
【答案】50．theme；51．What；52．central；53．writer's；54．hard/ difficult；55．include；56．direct；57．end；58．support；59．necessary
【知识点】故事阅读类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了探索文本主题的相关内容，包括主题的定义、寻找主题的困难以及探索主题的具体步骤（读完文本、概括文本找出"大观点"、找关键例子支持该观点等）。
【点评】考查阅读填表，做题时需先通读短文，理解整体内容，再根据表格线索定位原文关键语句，提取对应信息填空，注意词性、词形准确转换.
50．根据短文围绕探索文本主题（theme）展开，以及表格标题"Exploring the...of a text"，结合文章内容可知是探索文本的"theme（主题）"，故答案为theme。
51．从表格右侧"is a theme "以及文章对主题定义等内容的阐述，可知是问"什么是主题"，即"What is a theme "，故答案为What。
52．依据文中"A theme is a central idea running throughout the text"，可知主题是"central（核心的、中心的）"思想，故答案为central。
53．由"The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme"，可知是"writer's（作者的）"想法通过主题表达，故答案为writer's。
54．根据"Sometimes, themes are hard to find out"，可知找主题是"hard/difficult（困难的）"，故答案为hard/difficult。
55．从"the theme may not be able to be included in just one word"，可知是"include（包含）"，情态动词后用动词原形，故答案为include。
56．依据"some themes are not presented in the words directly"，可知是"direct（直接的）"方式，故答案为direct。
57．根据"you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text"，可知要读到"end（结尾）"，故答案为end。
58．由"go through the text to find examples that support this idea"，可知是"support（支持）"，故答案为support。
59．根据"You needn't repeat every detail of the story"，"needn't"等同于"it's not necessary to"，可知是"necessary（必要的）"，故答案为necessary。
【答案】60．autonomous
61．region
62．beam
63．project
64．cable
65．expressway
66．fragile
67．ecological
68．slope
69．height
【知识点】个体名词；简单形容词；特征形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，要留意名词的可数性、形容词的修饰功能，准确掌握词汇在不同语境的用法。
60．"自治的"对应的单词是"autonomous"，它是形容词，用来修饰名词，描述具备自治属性的事物，比如"autonomous region（自治区）"，在句中可作定语、表语等，故答案为：autonomous。
61．"地区；区域"对应的单词是"region"，为名词，可指地理、行政等划分的区域，是可数名词，复数形式"regions"，像"different regions（不同地区）"，故答案为：region。
62．"梁；横梁"对应的单词是"beam"，是名词，可表示建筑、物理等领域的梁、光束等含义，可数名词，复数"beams"，例如"steel beams（钢梁）"，故答案为：beam。
63．"项目；工程"对应的单词是"project"，作名词时指有计划开展的项目、工程，可数名词，复数"projects"，也可作动词表"计划；投射"，此处取名词义，故答案为：project。
64．"电缆；缆绳"对应的单词是"cable"，为名词，可指传输用的电缆或牵引等的缆绳，可数名词，复数"cables"，比如"electric cables（电缆）"，故答案为：cable。
65．"高速公路"对应的单词是"expressway"，是名词，指专供快速通行的公路，可数名词，复数"expressways"，故答案为：expressway。
66．"易碎的；易损的"对应的单词是"fragile"，是形容词，修饰事物表示易破碎、易损坏，可作定语（如"fragile goods 易碎品"）、表语（如"The glass is fragile. 玻璃易碎"），故答案为：fragile。
67．"生态的"对应的单词是"ecological"，是形容词，用于和生态相关的描述，修饰名词，如"ecological balance（生态平衡）"，故答案为：ecological。
68．斜坡；坡度"对应的单词是"slope"，是名词，可指地形的斜坡或倾斜程度，可数名词，复数"slopes"，例如"a gentle slope（缓坡）"，故答案为：slope。
69．"高度；身高"对应的单词是"height"，为名词，可指物体高度、人的身高，不可数名词（表抽象高度概念），也用于"at the height of...（在……的高度；在……鼎盛期）"，故答案为：height。
【答案】70．amusement
71．professional
72．purpose
73．effort
74．lifelong
75．habitual
76．benefit
77．overwhelmed
78．inspiration
79．promote
【知识点】个体名词；抽象名词；简单形容词；特征形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，需注意名词的可数性、形容词的修饰功能、动词的及物属性等，准确把握词汇在不同语法角色中的用法。
70．"娱乐；消遣"对应的单词是"amusement"，为名词，可表示娱乐活动、消遣方式，可数或不可数（表示抽象概念时不可数，如"a place for amusement 娱乐场所"；指具体娱乐项目时可数，复数"amusements"），故答案为：amusement。
71．"专业的；职业的"对应的单词是"professional"，是形容词，用于描述与专业、职业相关的性质，可修饰名词（如"professional skills 专业技能"），也可作名词（指专业人员，可数，复数"professionals" ，此处取形容词义），故答案为：professional。
72．"目的；意图"对应的单词是"purpose"，为名词，指做某事的目标、意图，可数名词，常用搭配"on purpose（故意地）"，复数"purposes"，故答案为：purpose。
73．"努力；尽力"对应的单词是"effort"，是名词，可表示付出的努力、尝试，可数或不可数（"make an effort 努力"是可数；表抽象努力概念时不可数），复数"efforts"，故答案为：effort。
74．"终身的；毕生的"对应的单词是"lifelong"，是形容词，用于修饰名词，说明持续一生的属性，如"lifelong learning 终身学习"，故答案为：lifelong。
75．"习惯性的；惯常的"对应的单词是"habitual"，是形容词，描述因习惯而形成的常规状态，修饰名词，如"habitual behavior 习惯性行为"，故答案为：habitual。
76．"好处；益处"对应的单词是"benefit"，作名词时，指带来的益处、福利，可数或不可数（"the benefit of... ……的好处" 常作可数；表抽象福利概念时不可数），复数"benefits"；也可作动词（意为"使受益"，此处取名词义），故答案为：benefit。
77．"不知所措的"对应的单词是"overwhelmed"，是形容词，用于描述人处于极度困惑、难以应对的状态，常作表语（如"I feel overwhelmed. 我不知所措"），故答案为：overwhelmed。
78．"灵感"对应的单词是"inspiration"，为名词，指激发创作、想法的灵感，可数或不可数（"an inspiration 一个灵感来源"可数；表抽象灵感概念时不可数），复数"inspirations"，故答案为：inspiration。
79．"促进；推动"对应的单词是"promote"，是动词，意为推动事物发展、提升，及物动词，后接宾语（如"promote development 促进发展"），故答案为：promote。
【答案】80．comparison
81．normal
82．focus on
83．progress
84．matter
85．psychologist
86．achievement
87．positive
88．worthwhile
89．realistic
【知识点】个体名词；抽象名词；简单形容词；特征形容词；不及物动词+介词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，注意准确记忆单词的词义、词性及正确形式，尤其像派生词（如"comparison""psychologist"）、固定短语（如"focus on"）的拼写和用法，通过理解词义与词性关联来准确书写。
80．"比较；对照（n.）"对应的英文单词是"comparison"。它是名词，由动词"compare"（比较）派生而来，通过添加后缀"-ison"构成名词形式，在句中可作主语、宾语等，比如"make a comparison（进行一次比较）"。故答案为：comparison。
81．"正常的；平常的"对应单词为"normal"，是形容词，用于描述事物符合常规、常态的属性，可修饰名词，像"normal life（正常生活）"，其本身形式就是形容词常规形式，无特殊变化。故答案为：normal。
82．"专注于；聚焦于"对应的英文表达是"focus on"，是动词短语，"focus"作动词有"聚焦；集中"之意，"on"为介词，构成短语后在句中作谓语，接名词、代词或动名词等作宾语，如"focus on studying（专注于学习）"，是固定搭配形式。故答案为：focus on。
83．"进步；进展"对应单词"progress"，可作名词和动词。作名词时，指事物向前发展的过程、取得的进步，如"make progress（取得进步）"；作动词时，意为"进步；进展"，如"Our work is progressing well.（我们的工作进展顺利）"，这里按名词需求，用其名词形式。故答案为：progress。
84．"要紧；有重大影响"对应单词"matter"，作动词时表此含义，常用句式如"It matters that...（……是要紧的）"，也可作名词表"事情；物质"等，此处为动词用法，其形式就是动词原形常规形式。故答案为：matter。
85．"心理学家"对应单词"psychologist"，是名词，由"psychology"（心理学）派生而来，添加后缀"-ist"表示从事该学科相关工作的人，在句中可指具体的职业身份，如"a famous psychologist（一位著名的心理学家）"。故答案为：psychologist。
86．"成就；成绩"对应单词"achievement"，是名词，指个人或集体取得的成果，可作主语、宾语等，如"His achievements are remarkable.（他的成就很显著）"，是名词常规形式 。故答案为：achievement。
87．"积极的；肯定的"对应单词"positive"，是形容词，用于描述态度、性质等积极、肯定，可修饰名词，如"positive attitude（积极的态度）"，形式为形容词常规形式。故答案为：positive。
88．"值得的"对应单词"worthwhile"，是形容词，常用来修饰事物，说明做某事值得，如"a worthwhile project（一个值得做的项目）"，形式为形容词常规形式。故答案为：worthwhile。
89．"现实的；实际的"对应单词"realistic"，是形容词，描述对事物的看法、事物本身符合实际，可修饰名词，如"realistic plan（切实可行的计划 ）"，形式为形容词常规形式 。故答案为：realistic。
【答案】90．brand-new
91．series
92．explore
93．outskirts
94．originate
95．appreciate
96．elegance
97．precision
98．feast
99．masterpiece
【知识点】动词原形；复合形容词；个体名词；抽象名词；特征形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】考查单词拼写，注意掌握复合形容词（如"brand-new"）、单复数同形名词（如"series"）、动词及名词的不同用法和常规形式，通过理解词义精准拼写，同时关注常用搭配。
90．"全新的；崭新的"对应的英文单词是"brand - new"。它是由"brand"（品牌，此处可理解为强调全新的程度）和"new"（新的）构成的复合形容词，在句中常作定语修饰名词，如"a brand-new car（一辆崭新的汽车）"，形式上就是固定的复合形容词形式。故答案为：brand-new。
91．"系列；连续"对应单词为"series"，是名词，单复数同形，既可以表示"一系列（事物）"，如"a series of books（一系列书籍）" ，也可表示"连续"的概念，其形式就是名词常规的单复数同形形式。故答案为：series。
92．"探索；探究"对应单词"explore"，是动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词、代词或从句等作宾语，如"explore the unknown（探索未知）"，形式为动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态表达。故答案为：explore。
93．"郊区；郊外"对应单词"outskirts"，是名词，常用复数形式（本身词形习惯用复数），表示城市周边的区域，如"on the outskirts of the city（在城市郊区）"，形式上是复数名词形式。故答案为：outskirts。
94．"起源；发起"对应单词"originate"，是动词，作"起源"讲时，常用搭配如"originate from（起源于）"；作"发起"讲时，可接名词等作宾语，如"originate a project（发起一个项目）"，形式为动词原形常规形式。故答案为：originate。
95．"欣赏；感激"对应单词"appreciate"，是动词，作"欣赏"讲时，可接名词、动名词等，如"appreciate art（欣赏艺术）" ；作"感激"讲时，常用搭配如"appreciate one's help（感激某人的帮助）"，形式为动词原形常规形式。故答案为：appreciate。
96．"优雅；高雅"对应单词"elegance"，是名词，用于表示一种优雅的特质、状态，如"the elegance of her behavior（她行为的高雅）"，形式为名词常规形式。故答案为：elegance。
97．"精确；准确"对应单词"precision"，是名词，常用来指事物的精确程度，如"the precision of the measurement（测量的精确性）"，形式为名词常规形式。故答案为：precision。
98．"尽情享用；饱览"对应单词"feast"，作动词时，有"尽情享用；饱览"之意，常用搭配如"feast on（尽情享用）"，如"feast on delicious food（尽情享用美食）"；也可作名词表示"宴会"等，此处为动词用法，形式为动词原形常规形式。故答案为：feast。
99．"杰作；名著"对应单词"masterpiece"，是名词，指在艺术、文学等领域的杰出作品，如"a literary masterpiece（一部文学名著）"，形式为名词常规形式。故答案为：masterpiece。
【答案】100．highway
101．strategy
102．resource
103．economy
104．unleash
105．additional
106．efficiently
107．obtain
108．surround
109．like-minded
【知识点】复合形容词；个体名词；集体名词；抽象名词；简单形容词
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示，写出相应形式的英文单词。
【点评】本题考查单词拼写，注意区分名词单复数（如"resource"）、词性转换（如"efficient"变副词"efficiently"）及复合形容词（如"like-minded" ）的正确拼写，结合词义准确书写。
100．"公路；干道"按词义，对应单词是"highway"，为名词，常用来指城市间的干线公路等，在句中可作主语、宾语等，如"The highway connects two cities.（这条公路连接两座城市）" ，是名词常规形式。故答案为：highway。
101．"策略；战略"对应单词"strategy"，名词，用于表示规划、计谋等，如"a marketing strategy（一项营销策略）"，是名词常规形式，可作主语、宾语。故答案为：strategy。
102．"资源；财力"对应单词"resource"，名词，常用复数形式"resources"表示各类资源，但此处按题意用单数形式也可表示抽象的"资源；财力"概念，如"natural resource（自然资源）"，这里是名词常规形式。故答案为：resource。
103．"经济；节约"对应单词"economy"，名词，作"经济"讲时，如"national economy（国民经济）" ；作"节约"讲时，是较为正式的表达，如"practice economy（实行节约）" ，是名词常规形式。故答案为：economy。
104．"释放；发泄"对应单词"unleash"，动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词作宾语，如"unleash one's anger（发泄某人的愤怒）"，是动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态。故答案为：unleash。
105．"附加的；额外的"对应单词"additional"，形容词，用于修饰名词，说明是额外添加的，如"additional information（附加信息）"，是形容词常规形式。故答案为：additional。
106．"有效地"对应单词"efficiently"，副词，由形容词"efficient"（有效的）加后缀"-ly"构成，用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，如"work efficiently（有效地工作）"，是副词常规形式。故答案为：efficiently。
107．"获得；得到"对应单词"obtain"，动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词作宾语，如"obtain a degree（获得一个学位）"，是动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态。故答案为：obtain。
108．"围绕；包围"对应单词"surround"，动词，在句中作谓语，可接名词作宾语，如"surround the city（包围这座城市）"，是动词原形常规形式，用于一般现在时等时态。故答案为：surround。
109．"志趣相投的"对应单词"like-minded"，是由"like"（类似的）和"minded"（有……思想的）构成的复合形容词，用于修饰名词，如"like-minded people（志趣相投的人 ）" ，是复合形容词常规形式。故答案为：like-minded。
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