Section 2 “Roots and Shoots”的课文习读环节
课时目标
1.熟读课文，获取有关“根与芽”组织的基本信息。
2.口头介绍“根与芽”组织的社会贡献及创建初衷，阐释珍·古道尔教授的话。
3.梳理说明文的文体结构，找出并赏析说明文的写作特点和语言特点。
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What's the main idea of the text？( )
A．The negative effects of Just me ism.
B．Everyone should do his part.
C．Measures to prevent pollution.
D．The characteristics, significance and influence of Roots & Shoots.
2．Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.
Para.1 A．Why it is called Roots & Shoots.
Para.2 B．What is“Just me ism” and its negative effects.
Para.3 C．When and why Roots & Shoots was established.
Para.4 D．We should act together to make the world a better place to live in.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．Which of the following is NOT “Just me ism”？( )
A．Leave the tap running while you brush your teeth.
B．Leave a light burning when you go out.
C．Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
D．Turn off the light when you go out.
2．Why does the author mention “Just me ism” in the first paragraph？( )
A．To show that some people are selfish.
B．To show the necessity of Roots & Shoots.
C．To tell us the bad effects of pollution.
D．To tell us the importance of good habits.
[Tip]
看透隐含信息，领会写作意图
写作意图题主要考查考生对作者的写作目的的理解能力，而这些信息通常不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，需要考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。如本题根据文章第一段可知，作者提到了很多“Just me ism”的行为表现，其目的是引出“根与芽”组织，说明建立这个组织的必要性。
3．Why is the organization called Roots & Shoots？( )
A．Dr.Jane Goodall is interested in roots and shoots.
B．It is designed to protect roots and shoots.
C．It calls on everyone to do his part, just like roots and shoots.
D．Roots and shoots are important for plants.
4．According to the author, which of the following contributes to a better future？( )
A．Going to school by car instead of by bus.
B．Using a lot of plastic shopping bags.
C．Leaving a light on when you go out.
D．Turning off the tap while you brush your teeth.
5．What can we learn from the text？( )
A．Every individual doesn't matter.
B．Every individual can make a difference to the world.
C．Only a few people suffer from “Just me ism”．
D．People can't live together in peace with nature.
(二)阅读表达
1．When was Roots & Shoots established
_________________________________
2．Who is Jane Goodall
_________________________________
3．What is the meaning of Roots & Shoots
_________________________________
4．What can we know according to Dr.Jane Goodall's words
_________________________________
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
把握说明方法，明晰对象特征
本文是说明文，采用了“递进式”的说明方式，介绍了“根与芽”组织并提出倡议。在说明的过程中，运用了举例子、作比较、引用等说明方法，如开篇连续举了三个例子，“say you leave the tap running while ..., leave a light ...or ...”，使Just me ism的概念更具体形象，便于读者理解。紧接着连续两次使用了“one little”和“millions of”的对比，突出强调Just me ism行为的危害性。全文最后的总结部分连续两次引用了珍·古道尔教授的话，强化了理论依据的真实性，起到了画龙点睛的作用，点明了文章的主旨：呼吁人们保护野生动物，保护地球环境。对于文章说明方法的考查是高考阅读理解设题的重点之一，阅读时注意分析。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．You know that all those things are wrong, but so what
赏析：句中使用so what表达了一个人对浪费行为无所谓的态度，用得恰到好处，且口语化的表达使语言更加地道、生动。
2．In addition to her research, she has been whole heartedly committed to environmental protection.
赏析：句中使用whole heartedly一词形象地表达了珍·古道尔教授全身心地投入环境保护事业中。副词常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
3．The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
赏析：句中使用形容词secure及live together in peace with表明年轻人创造的未来是安全、稳定且适于人们生存的。多样化的表达，丰富了文章内容，进一步解释了Roots & Shoots的特点及作用。
4．Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
赏析：句中使用hundreds and thousands of表达出了roots和shoots的数量之多，使人们意识到每个人都会对环境产生巨大影响。
5．Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart
赏析：句中使用rooted in，与前面的Roots & Shoots相呼应，非常形象地表明了这个组织的意义和作用。
[提能训练]
(完成句子/词汇升级/单句语法填空)
①—Excuse me, have you seen the sign “No littering”？
—I have.________________？
——打扰一下，你看到“禁止乱扔垃圾”的标志了吗？
——我看到了。那又怎么样？
②Every official should _________________________________________.
每一位官员都应该全心全意地为人民服务。
③There are many people who need new housing.________________
④The stories about many Americans who have __________ in Europe are firmly __________ in reality.(root)
(二)赏句式之高
1．The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
赏析：本句为so连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中to educate young people为动词不定式短语作表语；第二个分句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a future。非谓语结构和并列复合句的使用，使整个句子表达更加多样化，旨在告诉读者“根与芽”组织的目的。
2．Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant
赏析：本句含有三个when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。采用一般疑问句的表达方式可以打动读者的心灵，让人们真实地感受到作者提到的这些事情他们都可以做到。
3．It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands — millions — of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
赏析：本句为强调句，其结构是“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”，强调状语“by acting together, in this exciting way”，倡议大家共同行动起来，参与到保护环境中。
[提能训练] (用高级句式完成句子)
①I bought a new laptop ___________________________________________________， and a smartphone ____________________________________________________.
我买了一台功能强大又轻便的新笔记本电脑，和一部配备卓越相机的智能手机。
②________________________ he was brought up by his grandmother.
他的祖母就是在那个村子里把他养大的。
③________________________， I remembered my childhood. When I recall the past, I feel incredibly happy. ______________________， I am full of hope.
当我看到那只可爱的小狗时，我想起了小时候。当我回忆起过去的时光时，我感到无比幸福。当我考虑未来时，我充满了希望。
(三)赏修辞之功
1．Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.
赏析：以上语段使用了排比的修辞手法，加强了语气，强调了浪费的严重后果。
2．The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.
赏析：本句使用拟人的修辞手法，形象地描述了根和芽茁壮成长的过程，也从侧面反映了该组织的特点。
[提能训练] (完成下面句子并体会修辞手法的使用)
①The smile on her face __________________.________________________ in my heart.
她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。这个笑容融化了我内心的坚冰。
②Ten years after the earthquake， .
地震后的十年里，该城市逐渐开始恢复生机。
随着环保意识的提高，人们纷纷采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但是近来，一些“绿色环保真相”被证实并非完全正确，甚至是无稽之谈。因此，践行环保理念，培养环保意识，不仅需要正确的环保行为，还要有合理的环保准则。
What's really green
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.Here are some common ones.Which are really green
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. It takes ， but much less time for paper.Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However, making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
When you turn off a device, it stops using power.
When we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand by mode.Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
[阅读理解]
1．What can we learn about paper bags？( )
A．Paper bags are safe to eat.
B．Paper bags are the better environmental choice.
C．It is no greener than a plastic bag.
D．It is easier to make a paper bag compared to making a plastic bag.
2．How can we make sure that our appliance is in fact off？( )
A．Turn it off at once.
B．Cut off its power supply completely.
C．Use greener devices.
D．Make it go into stand by mode.
3．What should we do to be really green？( )
A．Use recycled paper bags more in our daily life.
B．Replace the old appliance with the new one.
C．Use reusable bags when shopping.
D．Stop using electric devices.
[素养积累]
1．由文积词汇
majority n． 多数，大多数(人或物)
false adj. 不正确的，错误的
litter n． (在公共场所乱扔的)垃圾，废弃物，杂物
break down 分解；(机器)发生故障；
(计划、谈判等)失败；垮掉
amount n. 数量，数额
device n. 设备，仪器，装置
stand by adj. 备用的
mode n． (机器、设备的)运行方式；状态，模式
electricity n. 电
leak v. (使)漏，(使)渗漏
appliance n. 家用电器，家用器具
remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉
plug n. (电)插头
2．据文悟句式
句①：It takes some time for sb./sth.to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间”。
句②：动名词短语making a paper bag作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“倍数＋as ... as ...”是一种倍数表达法。
句③：because引导原因状语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
Section 2 “Roots and Shoots”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)①brushing ②pick it up ③educate young people
④firm foundation ⑤value and importance
(二)1.D 2.Paras.1～4 BCAD
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)1～5 DBCDB
(二)1.In the early 1990s.
2．A scientist who's the world's bestknown expert on wild chimpanzees.
3．It is all about the value and importance of each individual — human, animal or plant.
4．Everyone plays an important part in making the world a better place.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①So what ②serve the people wholeheartedly
③hundreds and thousands of ④roots; rooted
(二)①that is powerful and lightweight; that has a great camera ②It was in the village that ③When I saw that cute little dog; When I think about the future
(三)①shone like a diamond; The smile melted the ice
②the city gradually came back to life
美文阅读润心
1～3 CBC
7 / 7(共67张PPT)
Section 2
“Roots and Shoots”的课文习读环节
课时目标
1．熟读课文，获取有关“根与芽”组织的基本信息。
2．口头介绍“根与芽”组织的社会贡献及创建初衷，阐释珍·古道尔教授的话。
3．梳理说明文的文体结构，找出并赏析说明文的写作特点和语言特点。
目 录
课文阅读理解
课文写法借鉴
美文阅读润心
课时检测
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．The negative effects of Just-me-ism.
B．Everyone should do his part.
C．Measures to prevent pollution.
D．The characteristics, significance and influence of Roots & Shoots.
√
2．Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.
Para.1 A．Why it is called Roots & Shoots.
Para.2 B．What is“Just-me-ism” and its negative effects.
Para.3 C．When and why Roots & Shoots was established.
Para.4 D．We should act together to make the world a better place to live in.
答案：Paras.1～4 BCAD
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．Which of the following is NOT “Just-me-ism”？
A．Leave the tap running while you brush your teeth.
B．Leave a light burning when you go out.
C．Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
D．Turn off the light when you go out.
√
2．Why does the author mention “Just-me-ism” in the first paragraph
A．To show that some people are selfish.
B．To show the necessity of Roots & Shoots.
C．To tell us the bad effects of pollution.
D．To tell us the importance of good habits.
√
[Tip]
看透隐含信息，领会写作意图
写作意图题主要考查考生对作者的写作目的的理解能力，而这些信息通常不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，需要考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。如本题根据文章第一段可知，作者提到了很多“Just-me-ism”的行为表现，其目的是引出“根与芽”组织，说明建立这个组织的必要性。
3．Why is the organization called Roots & Shoots
A．Dr.Jane Goodall is interested in roots and shoots.
B．It is designed to protect roots and shoots.
C．It calls on everyone to do his part, just like roots and shoots.
D．Roots and shoots are important for plants.
√
4．According to the author, which of the following contributes to a better future
A．Going to school by car instead of by bus.
B．Using a lot of plastic shopping bags.
C．Leaving a light on when you go out.
D．Turning off the tap while you brush your teeth.
√
5．What can we learn from the text
A．Every individual doesn't matter.
B．Every individual can make a difference to the world.
C．Only a few people suffer from “Just-me-ism”．
D．People can't live together in peace with nature.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．When was Roots & Shoots established
2．Who is Jane Goodall
In the early 1990s.
A scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.
3．What is the meaning of Roots & Shoots
4．What can we know according to Dr.Jane Goodall's words
It is all about the value and importance of each individual — human, animal or plant.
Everyone plays an important part in making the world a better place.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
把握说明方法，明晰对象特征
本文是说明文，采用了“递进式”的说明方式，介绍了“根与芽”组织并提出倡议。在说明的过程中，运用了举例子、作比较、引用等说明方法，如开篇连续举了三个例子，“say you leave the tap running while ..., leave a light ...or ...”，使Just-me-ism的概念更具体形象，便于读者理解。紧接着连续两次使用了“one little”和“millions of”的对比，突出强调Just-me-ism行为的危害性。全文最后的总结部分连续两次引用了珍·古道尔教授的话，强化了理论依据的真实性，起到了画龙点睛的作用，点明了文章的主旨：呼吁人们保护野生动物，保护地球环境。对于文章说明方法的考查是高考阅读理解设题的重点之一，阅读时注意分析。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．You know that all those things are wrong, but so what
赏析：句中使用so what表达了一个人对浪费行为无所谓的态度，用得恰到好处，且口语化的表达使语言更加地道、生动。
课文写法借鉴
2．In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection.
赏析：句中使用whole-heartedly一词形象地表达了珍·古道尔教授全身心地投入环境保护事业中。副词常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
3．The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre-schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
赏析：句中使用形容词secure及live together in peace with表明年轻人创造的未来是安全、稳定且适于人们生存的。多样化的表达，丰富了文章内容，进一步解释了Roots & Shoots的特点及作用。
4．Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
赏析：句中使用hundreds and thousands of表达出了roots和shoots的数量之多，使人们意识到每个人都会对环境产生巨大影响。
5．Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart
赏析：句中使用rooted in，与前面的Roots & Shoots相呼应，非常形象地表明了这个组织的意义和作用。
[提能训练]
(完成句子/词汇升级/单句语法填空)
①—Excuse me, have you seen the sign “No littering”？
—I have.________
——打扰一下，你看到“禁止乱扔垃圾”的标志了吗？
——我看到了。那又怎么样？
So what
②Every official should _____________________________.
每一位官员都应该全心全意地为人民服务。
③There are many people who need new housing.
④The stories about many Americans who have ____ in Europe are firmly ______ in reality.(root)
serve the people whole-heartedly
hundreds and thousands of
roots
rooted
(二)赏句式之高
1．The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre-schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
赏析：本句为so连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中to educate young people为动词不定式短语作表语；第二个分句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a future。非谓语结构和并列复合句的使用，使整个句子表达更加多样化，旨在告诉读者“根与芽”组织的目的。
2．Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant
赏析：本句含有三个when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。采用一般疑问句的表达方式可以打动读者的心灵，让人们真实地感受到作者提到的这些事情他们都可以做到。
3．It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands — millions — of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
赏析：本句为强调句，其结构是“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”，强调状语“by acting together, in this exciting way”，倡议大家共同行动起来，参与到保护环境中。
[提能训练]
①I bought a new laptop ____________________________, and a smartphone _____________________.
我买了一台功能强大又轻便的新笔记本电脑，和一部配备卓越相机的智能手机。
that is powerful and lightweight
that has a great camera
②______________________ he was brought up by his grandmother.
他的祖母就是在那个村子里把他养大的。
③__________________________, I remembered my childhood. When I recall the past, I feel incredibly happy.____________________________, I am full of hope.
当我看到那只可爱的小狗时，我想起了小时候。当我回忆起过去的时光时，我感到无比幸福。当我考虑未来时，我充满了希望。
It was in the village that
When I saw that cute little dog
When I think about the future
(三)赏修辞之功
1．Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.
赏析：以上语段使用了排比的修辞手法，加强了语气，强调了浪费的严重后果。
2．The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.
赏析：本句使用拟人的修辞手法，形象地描述了根和芽茁壮成长的过程，也从侧面反映了该组织的特点。
[提能训练] (完成下面句子并体会修辞手法的使用)
①The smile on her face ___________________._____________________ in my heart.
她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。这个笑容融化了我内心的坚冰。
②Ten years after the earthquake，______________________________.
地震后的十年里，该城市逐渐开始恢复生机。
shone like a diamond
The smile melted the ice
the city gradually came back to life
随着环保意识的提高，人们纷纷采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但是近来，一些“绿色环保真相”被证实并非完全正确，甚至是无稽之谈。因此，践行环保理念，培养环保意识，不仅需要正确的环保行为，还要有合理的环保准则。
美文阅读润心
What's really green
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.Here are some common ones.Which are really green
[阅读理解]
1．What can we learn about paper bags
A．Paper bags are safe to eat.
B．Paper bags are the better environmental choice.
C．It is no greener than a plastic bag.
D．It is easier to make a paper bag compared to making a plastic bag.
√
2．How can we make sure that our appliance is in fact off
A．Turn it off at once.
B．Cut off its power supply completely.
C．Use greener devices.
D．Make it go into stand-by mode.
√
3．What should we do to be really green
A．Use recycled paper bags more in our daily life.
B．Replace the old appliance with the new one.
C．Use reusable bags when shopping.
D．Stop using electric devices.
√
[素养积累]
1．由文积词汇
majority n． 多数，大多数(人或物)
false adj. 不正确的，错误的
litter n. (在公共场所乱扔的)垃圾， 废弃物，杂物
break down 分解；(机器)发生故障；
(计划、谈判等)失败；垮掉
amount n. 数量，数额
device n. 设备，仪器，装置
stand-by adj. 备用的
mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式； 状态，模式
electricity n. 电
leak v. (使)漏，(使)渗漏
appliance n. 家用电器，家用器具
remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉
plug n. (电)插头
2．据文悟句式
句①：It takes some time for sb./sth.to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间”。
句②：动名词短语making a paper bag作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“倍数＋as ... as ...”是一种倍数表达法。
句③：because引导原因状语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
课时检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On thirteenth November 2023, people across Kenya took part in the country's first national tree-planting holiday.The holiday was created by Kenya's president, William Ruto, to encourage people to plant trees as part of a plan to fight the climate crisis.
Kenya is famous for its beautiful forests and wildlife.But large areas of Kenya's forests have been cut down, either for the wood, to clear the land for farming, or both.And those trees would normally help take in carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that's a major cause of the climate crisis.
In early November, to help get Kenya's great tree-planting effort started, the government declared November 13 a holiday — National Tree Growing Day.To prepare for the day, the government got 150 million seedlings ready for planting.
The government created a special app to help organize the tree planting.The app is called JazaMiti, which means “fill with trees” in Swahili.The app helps people collect trees, find places to plant, and record their efforts.The app will also help the government track how many trees have been planted in different areas around the country.
People all over Kenya turned out in large numbers to take part in the holiday.Elizabeth Wathuti, who works to protect the environment, was very happy about the support that Kenyans showed for tree planting.But she pointed out that it would be very important to continue to take care of the trees as they grow.“Tree planting is just the beginning，” she said.
Many people were very excited about the tree-planting holiday.Some hope that it will happen every year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了肯尼亚举办了首个国家植树节，旨在鼓励人们种植树木以应对气候危机。
1．Why do people cut down trees in Kenya
A．To reduce the greenhouse gas.
B．To get more land for water.
C．To help with the climate crisis.
D．To get more farm land or wood.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“But large areas of Kenya's forests have been cut down, either for the wood, to clear the land for farming, or both.”可知，肯尼亚人砍伐树木以获得更多的农田或木材。
√
2．What does the underlined word “seedlings” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Young trees. B．Bottles of water.
C．Different rules. D．Planting apps.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“To prepare for the day, the government got 150 million seedlings ready for planting.”中“planting”可推知，政府准备的是要种植的小树苗，画线词seedlings与young trees同义。
√
3．How can the app JazaMiti help with the tree planting
A．By showing the places to plant.
B．By watering the trees around.
C．By raising money for trees.
D．By recording the number of people.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“The app helps people collect trees, find places to plant, and record their efforts.The app will also help the government track how many trees have been planted in different areas around the country.”可知，应用程序JazaMiti能帮助人们找到种植的地方。
√
4．What does Wathuti seem to express
A．The government should take care of the trees.
B．There's still a long way to go for tree planting.
C．Protecting the environment is of less importance.
D．The tree-planting holiday should be held every year.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“But she pointed out that it would be very important to continue to take care of the trees as they grow.‘Tree planting is just the beginning，’ she said.”可推知，Wathuti想要表达的是种树只是一个开始，后面还有很长的路要走。
√
B
A new study from the University of Southampton has shown that glass bottles are more than four times as environmentally damaging as plastic bottles.The researchers explained that the production of glass bottles involves much greater amounts of energy and natural resources.
Most current research focuses on the impact of plastic, which also requires a lot of energy to mass-produce, and breaks down into smaller particles (微粒) that are affecting natural environments worldwide.However, according to the new study, glass bottles' total environmental impacts are much bigger than plastic bottles, when certain factors are accounted for, such as their contribution to climate change through overmuch energy use.
“A large amount of energy is needed to heat the raw materials to make glass，” explained study co-author and postgraduate researcher Alice Brock.“During the melting of the raw materials for glass, gas pollutants such as SO2 and CO2 can be released，” said Brock.“And since glass requires materials to be mined for its production — silica sand, soda ash and dolomite — these have all the associated environmental impacts on mining such as land degradation (退化) and dust from the mines reaching water sources.” According to Brock, silica sand mining can also cause silicosis, a disease caused by tiny silica particles reaching lungs, so there is also a considerable impact on human health.
The major advantage of glass over plastic is that it is more durable (耐用的)．A glass bottle can be reused between 12 and 20 times.Unfortunately, glass bottles are often thrown away after a single use.“I think the meaning of this new study is that we really have to move to use bottles and cans more than once.Just recycling isn't enough，” said Brock, “We need to change our mindset and move to things like refilling bottles, bottle return plans and the like if we are going to cut these environmental impacts.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南安普顿大学的一项新研究表明，玻璃瓶对环境的破坏是塑料瓶的四倍多。专家建议尽可能重复使用玻璃瓶。
5．What is the most current research mainly about
A．The total energy consumption of making plastic.
B．The detailed production process of plastic.
C．Plastic's popularization in people's daily life.
D．Plastic's negative impacts on the environment.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most current research focuses on the impact of plastic ... affecting natural environments worldwide.”可知，当前最新的研究主要是关于塑料对环境的负面 影响。
6．Why is the mining of raw materials mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To show its damage to the environment and people's health.
B．To stress the importance of the quality of raw materials.
C．To warn people to reduce the frequency of mining.
D．To indicate the complex process of making glass.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“these have all the associated environmental impacts ...so there is also a considerable impact on human health”可知，提到原材料开采是为了说明其对环境和人们健康的损害。
√
7．What's Alice Brock's suggestion based on the new study
A．Improving the technology of treating used bottles.
B．Finding alternatives to the raw materials for glass.
C．Reusing glass bottles as much as possible.
D．Replacing glass bottles with plastic ones.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中Brock说的话“I think the meaning of this new study is that we really have to move to use bottles and cans more than once.”可知，根据这项新研究，Alice Brock的建议是尽可能重复使用玻璃瓶。
√
8．Which section of a magazine does the text probably come from
A．Economy. B．Geography.
C．Healthcare. D．Environment.
解析：文章出处题。根据第一段中的“A new study from the University of Southampton has shown that glass bottles are more than four times as environmentally damaging as plastic bottles.”可推知，本文可能出自杂志的“环境”部分。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Your carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases that you produce as you live your life.In order to hold the global temperature rise to 2℃ or less, everyone needs to average an annual carbon footprint of 1.87 tons by 2050. 9
Eat lower on the food chain.This means eating mostly fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans.Meat and dairy are responsible for 14.5 percent of man-made global greenhouse gas emissions. 10 If you have no meat or dairy every day, you can reduce your carbon footprint by 8 pounds.
11 Fashionable, cheap items go out of style quickly and get dumped in landfills where they produce methane (甲烷) as they decompose.Currently, the average American gets rid of about 80 pounds of clothing annually.In addition, most fast fashion comes from Asia, so shipping it to the US requires the use of fossil fuels.
Use low energy appliances.Replace traditional light bulbs with LED ones.Though LEDs cost more, they use a quarter of the energy and last up to 25 times longer.Make energy efficiency a primary consideration when choosing a new microwave, air conditioning unit, dishwasher, or refrigerator. 12
Choose green travel.An average car produces about five tons of carbon each year. 13 Take public buses, carpool, or bike to your destination when possible.This not only reduces CO2 emissions, but it also lessens traffic jams.
A．Don't buy fast fashion.
B．Never choose quality clothing.
C．But people ignore this serious problem.
D．Making changes in transport matters much.
E．Here are ways to reduce your carbon footprint.
F．They are mainly from food production and processing.
G．Products with the ENERGY STAR sign have better efficiency.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了减少个人碳足迹的方法。
9．解析：选E 根据上文“In order to hold the global temperature rise to 2 C or less, everyone needs to average an annual carbon footprint of 1.87 tons by 2050.”可知，这是在介绍全球变暖问题和个人碳足迹的目标。 故E项(以下是减少你的碳足迹的方法)承上启下，符合语境。
10．解析：选F 根据上文“Meat and dairy are responsible for 14.5 percent of man-made global greenhouse gas emissions.”可知，肉类和乳制品对温室气体排放有显著影响。故F项 (它们主要来自食品生产和加工)解释了肉类和乳制品对温室气体排放有很大影响的原因，承上启下，符合语境。
11．解析：选A 根据下文“Fashionable, cheap items go out of style quickly and get dumped in landfills where they produce methane as they decompose.”可知，这是在介绍快时尚商品的快速更迭及其对环境的影响。 故A项(不要购买快时尚)引出了下文解释的原因，符合语境。
12．解析：选G 根据上文“Make energy efficiency a primary consideration when choosing a new microwave, air conditioning unit, dishwasher, or refrigerator.”可知，选择电器时应优先考虑能效。故G项(带有ENERGY STAR标志的产品效率更高)是对节能电器的举例说明，符合语境。
13．解析：选D 根据上文“An average car produces about five tons of carbon each year.”可知，汽车的碳排放量较高。故D项(改变交通方式非常重要)承上启下，符合语境。UNIT 8 课时检测(二) “Roots and Shoots”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On thirteenth November 2023, people across Kenya took part in the country's first national tree planting holiday.The holiday was created by Kenya's president, William Ruto, to encourage people to plant trees as part of a plan to fight the climate crisis.
Kenya is famous for its beautiful forests and wildlife.But large areas of Kenya's forests have been cut down, either for the wood, to clear the land for farming, or both.And those trees would normally help take in carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that's a major cause of the climate crisis.
In early November, to help get Kenya's great tree planting effort started, the government declared November 13 a holiday — National Tree Growing Day.To prepare for the day, the government got 150 million seedlings ready for planting.
The government created a special app to help organize the tree planting.The app is called JazaMiti, which means “fill with trees” in Swahili.The app helps people collect trees, find places to plant, and record their efforts.The app will also help the government track how many trees have been planted in different areas around the country.
People all over Kenya turned out in large numbers to take part in the holiday.Elizabeth Wathuti, who works to protect the environment, was very happy about the support that Kenyans showed for tree planting.But she pointed out that it would be very important to continue to take care of the trees as they grow.“Tree planting is just the beginning，” she said.
Many people were very excited about the tree planting holiday.Some hope that it will happen every year.
1．Why do people cut down trees in Kenya
A．To reduce the greenhouse gas.
B．To get more land for water.
C．To help with the climate crisis.
D．To get more farm land or wood.
2．What does the underlined word “seedlings” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Young trees. B．Bottles of water.
C．Different rules. D．Planting apps.
3．How can the app JazaMiti help with the tree planting
A．By showing the places to plant.
B．By watering the trees around.
C．By raising money for trees.
D．By recording the number of people.
4．What does Wathuti seem to express
A．The government should take care of the trees.
B．There's still a long way to go for tree planting.
C．Protecting the environment is of less importance.
D．The tree planting holiday should be held every year.
B
A new study from the University of Southampton has shown that glass bottles are more than four times as environmentally damaging as plastic bottles.The researchers explained that the production of glass bottles involves much greater amounts of energy and natural resources.
Most current research focuses on the impact of plastic, which also requires a lot of energy to mass produce, and breaks down into smaller particles (微粒) that are affecting natural environments worldwide.However, according to the new study, glass bottles' total environmental impacts are much bigger than plastic bottles, when certain factors are accounted for, such as their contribution to climate change through overmuch energy use.
“A large amount of energy is needed to heat the raw materials to make glass，” explained study co author and postgraduate researcher Alice Brock.“During the melting of the raw materials for glass, gas pollutants such as SO2 and CO2 can be released，” said Brock.“And since glass requires materials to be mined for its production — silica sand, soda ash and dolomite — these have all the associated environmental impacts on mining such as land degradation (退化) and dust from the mines reaching water sources.” According to Brock, silica sand mining can also cause silicosis, a disease caused by tiny silica particles reaching lungs, so there is also a considerable impact on human health.
The major advantage of glass over plastic is that it is more durable (耐用的)．A glass bottle can be reused between 12 and 20 times.Unfortunately, glass bottles are often thrown away after a single use.“I think the meaning of this new study is that we really have to move to use bottles and cans more than once.Just recycling isn't enough，” said Brock, “We need to change our mindset and move to things like refilling bottles, bottle return plans and the like if we are going to cut these environmental impacts.”
5．What is the most current research mainly about
A．The total energy consumption of making plastic.
B．The detailed production process of plastic.
C．Plastic's popularization in people's daily life.
D．Plastic's negative impacts on the environment.
6．Why is the mining of raw materials mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To show its damage to the environment and people's health.
B．To stress the importance of the quality of raw materials.
C．To warn people to reduce the frequency of mining.
D．To indicate the complex process of making glass.
7．What's Alice Brock's suggestion based on the new study
A．Improving the technology of treating used bottles.
B．Finding alternatives to the raw materials for glass.
C．Reusing glass bottles as much as possible.
D．Replacing glass bottles with plastic ones.
8．Which section of a magazine does the text probably come from
A．Economy. B．Geography.
C．Healthcare. D．Environment.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Your carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases that you produce as you live your life.In order to hold the global temperature rise to 2℃ or less, everyone needs to average an annual carbon footprint of 1.87 tons by 2050.__9__
Eat lower on the food chain.This means eating mostly fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans.Meat and dairy are responsible for 14.5 percent of man made global greenhouse gas emissions.__10__ If you have no meat or dairy every day, you can reduce your carbon footprint by 8 pounds.
__11__ Fashionable, cheap items go out of style quickly and get dumped in landfills where they produce methane (甲烷) as they decompose.Currently, the average American gets rid of about 80 pounds of clothing annually.In addition, most fast fashion comes from Asia, so shipping it to the US requires the use of fossil fuels.
Use low energy appliances.Replace traditional light bulbs with LED ones.Though LEDs cost more, they use a quarter of the energy and last up to 25 times longer.Make energy efficiency a primary consideration when choosing a new microwave, air conditioning unit, dishwasher, or refrigerator.__12__
Choose green travel.An average car produces about five tons of carbon each year.__13__Take public buses, carpool, or bike to your destination when possible.This not only reduces CO2 emissions, but it also lessens traffic jams.
A．Don't buy fast fashion.
B．Never choose quality clothing.
C．But people ignore this serious problem.
D．Making changes in transport matters much.
E．Here are ways to reduce your carbon footprint.
F．They are mainly from food production and processing.
G．Products with the ENERGY STAR sign have better efficiency.
UNIT 8 课时检测(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了肯尼亚举办了首个国家植树节，旨在鼓励人们种植树木以应对气候危机。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But large areas of Kenya's forests have been cut down, either for the wood, to clear the land for farming, or both.”可知，肯尼亚人砍伐树木以获得更多的农田或木材。
2．选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“To prepare for the day, the government got 150 million seedlings ready for planting.”中“planting”可推知，政府准备的是要种植的小树苗，画线词seedlings与young trees同义。
3．选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The app helps people collect trees, find places to plant, and record their efforts.The app will also help the government track how many trees have been planted in different areas around the country.”可知，应用程序JazaMiti能帮助人们找到种植的地方。
4．选B 推理判断题。根据第五段中“But she pointed out that it would be very important to continue to take care of the trees as they grow.‘Tree planting is just the beginning，’ she said.”可推知，Wathuti想要表达的是种树只是一个开始，后面还有很长的路要走。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南安普顿大学的一项新研究表明，玻璃瓶对环境的破坏是塑料瓶的四倍多。专家建议尽可能重复使用玻璃瓶。
5．选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most current research focuses on the impact of plastic ... affecting natural environments worldwide.”可知，当前最新的研究主要是关于塑料对环境的负面影响。
6．选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“these have all the associated environmental impacts ...so there is also a considerable impact on human health”可知，提到原材料开采是为了说明其对环境和人们健康的损害。
7．选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Brock说的话“I think the meaning of this new study is that we really have to move to use bottles and cans more than once.”可知，根据这项新研究，Alice Brock的建议是尽可能重复使用玻璃瓶。
8．选D 文章出处题。根据第一段中的“A new study from the University of Southampton has shown that glass bottles are more than four times as environmentally damaging as plastic bottles.”可推知，本文可能出自杂志的“环境”部分。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了减少个人碳足迹的方法。
9．选E 根据上文“In order to hold the global temperature rise to 2℃ or less, everyone needs to average an annual carbon footprint of 1.87 tons by 2050.”可知，这是在介绍全球变暖问题和个人碳足迹的目标。 故E项(以下是减少你的碳足迹的方法)承上启下，符合语境。
10．选F 根据上文“Meat and dairy are responsible for 14.5 percent of man made global greenhouse gas emissions.”可知，肉类和乳制品对温室气体排放有显著影响。故F项 (它们主要来自食品生产和加工)解释了肉类和乳制品对温室气体排放有很大影响的原因，承上启下，符合语境。
11．选A 根据下文“Fashionable, cheap items go out of style quickly and get dumped in landfills where they produce methane as they decompose.”可知，这是在介绍快时尚商品的快速更迭及其对环境的影响。 故A项(不要购买快时尚)引出了下文解释的原因，符合语境。
12．选G 根据上文“Make energy efficiency a primary consideration when choosing a new microwave, air conditioning unit, dishwasher, or refrigerator.”可知，选择电器时应优先考虑能效。故G项(带有ENERGY STAR标志的产品效率更高)是对节能电器的举例说明，符合语境。
13．选D 根据上文“An average car produces about five tons of carbon each year.”可知，汽车的碳排放量较高。故D项(改变交通方式非常重要)承上启下，符合语境。
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