Section 3 “Enlightening a Mind”的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.熟记单词、短语的意思和用法，并能灵活运用。
2.掌握文章中的一些重要句型，并学以致用。
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．enlighten a mind ____________心灵
2．stubborn character ____________性格
3．a straightforward process ____________过程
4．the cool liquid 清凉的_____________________
5．the sun's rays 太阳的________________________
6．such an abstract concept 这么________________概念
7．make necklaces 制作_____________________
8．a troublesome child ___________________孩子
二、重点单词——写其形
1．have a ____________ to break things 有摔东西的倾向
2．a ____________ teacher 一位极好的老师
3．marketing ____________ 营销技巧
4．the ____________ knowledge 宝贵的知识
5．____________ the key to language 理解语言的关键
6．increase the ____________ 增加词汇量
7．discover more ____________ words 发现更复杂的词汇
8．have a ____________ 取得突破
三、活用单词——悉其变
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四、拓展构词——明其规
1．expansion： sion名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①extension 延伸
②conclusion 结论，推论；结尾
③decision 决定，决心
④division 分开；分配；除法
2．painful： ful形容词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①hopeful 有希望的
②careful 小心的
③plentiful 丰富的；大量的
④skillful 熟练的
五、高级词块——通其用
1．________________ 有做某事的倾向
2．________________ 也；同样地
3．________________ 涉及，有关；理解
4．________________ 举起；阻挡
5．________________ 对……开放
6．________________ 盼望，渴望
7．________________ 指向；指出；针对
8．________________ 向上指；强调
9．________________ 影响，对……起作用；继续工作；从事于……
10．________________ 在……的帮助下
11．________________ 瞬间；立刻
12．________________ 在那时刻，就在那时
13．________________ 出现；出版；结果是
重点词汇·深化学习
1．She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.
她有时很烦人、很固执，而且很易怒。如果没有人能理解她的意思，她就会摔东西。
★tendency n．倾向，趋势
[用法感知]
①There is a growing tendency among middle school students that they will do some voluntary work during their vacation.
中学生越来越倾向于在假期里做一些志愿工作。
②(“语言学习”主题佳句)When learning English, most people have a tendency to focus their attention on vocabulary and grammar purely.
在学习英语时，大多数人倾向于将注意力仅仅集中在词汇和语法上。
③He tends to sacrifice his own interest for the group benefit.
为了集体利益，他倾向于牺牲自己的利益。
[归纳点拨]
(1)a tendency to/towards sth. ……的倾向
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
(2)tend v. 倾向，趋于；照料
tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事，往往会做某事
tend to/towards sth. 倾向于某事
tend (to) sb./sth. 照管某人/某物
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④If a person boils with anger or experiences anxiety, he will have a ____________ (tend) to cross with arms in front of his chest.
⑤People tend ____________ (need) less sleep as they get older.
⑥__________________ when I am on business.
我出差时你能照顾我的宠物狗，你真是太好了。
(2)一句多译
这种药很有效，但往往会引起头痛。
⑦The drug is effective but ________________________________.(tendency)
⑧The drug is effective but ________________________________.(tend)
2．She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties.
她小时候视力也有障碍，所以更能理解海伦所面临的困境。
★relate vi.& vt.理解；相联系；叙述，讲述
[用法感知]
①It is requested that all the articles should be related to the students' life.
据要求，所有文章都应与学生的生活有关。
②We often relate health to/with taking exercise.
我们经常把健康与做运动联系起来。
③In relation to the recent events, we need to take immediate action.
针对最近发生的事件，我们需要立即采取行动。
归纳点拨 (1)relate ...to/with ...把……与……联系起来 relate to ... 和……有关联；理解…… (2)related adj. 有关系的，有关联的 be related to 与……有关系 (3)relation n. 关系，联系 in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及 have no relation to 与……没关系
轻巧识记
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The report related high wages ____________ labour shortages.
⑤What he said relates ____________ what we are discussing now.
⑥It is required that your speech ________________________________________________ in the 20th century. 按要求，你的演讲必须与20世纪最重大的突破有关。
⑦Having suffered the same painful experience as you, ________________________________________________________________________.
我遭受了和你一样的痛苦经历，所以我非常理解你现在的感受。
3．She wrote about her excitement later in her book, The Story of My Life.
后来在《我的人生故事》一书中，海伦描述了自己的兴奋之情。
★excitement n．兴奋，激动
[用法感知]
①One factor behind football's global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field.
足球在全球流行的一个原因是球场上的创造力和激情。
②That he will attend the meeting has excited every one of us.
他将出席会议，这让我们每个人都很兴奋。
③I am sure you will get excited about all of the fun things you'll be able to do.
我相信你会为你能做的所有有趣的事情感到兴奋的。
归纳点拨 (1)excite vt. 使激动，使兴奋 (2)excited adj. 兴奋的，激动的 be excited at/by/about 对……感到激动/兴奋 be excited to do sth. 对做某事感到兴奋 be excited that ... 感到激动/兴奋的是…… (3)exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
名师点津 excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态；exciting表示“令人激动的”，是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物，如excited look/expression等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The twins were filled with ____________ (excite) as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day.
⑤We are all excited ____________ your success in the experiment.
⑥He was very excited ____________ (ask) to play for Wales.
⑦This has been one of the most ____________ (excite)developments in biology in recent years.
⑧Everyone ______________________________ the tour was going to finally happen.
每个人都很兴奋，这次旅行终于要开始了。
4．Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。
★grasp vt.& n．理解，领会；抓住
[用法感知]
①(谚语)Grasp all, lose all.
欲尽得，必尽失。
②I didn't really grasp what they were talking about. 我没有真正理解他们在谈论什么。
③(“动作描写”佳句)He grasped the rope with both hands. 他双手抓着绳子。
归纳点拨 (1)grasp sb./sth./that/wh-从句 理解…… grasp sb.by the hand/arm 抓住某人的手/手臂 (2)have a good grasp of sth. 很好地掌握某事 beyond one's grasp超出某人的理解能力；为某人力所不及
名师点津 grasp同catch一样，由“抓住”可引申为“理解，明白”。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④He grasped her firmly by ____________ arm.
⑤With house prices up, many families with children are finding suitable housing ______ their grasp.
⑥They have a good grasp ____________ foreign languages.
⑦I wish that ____________________________ to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
我希望你们能抓住这个机会进一步学习中国传统文化。
(2)替换加黑词汇
⑧A short opening paragraph enables the reader to quickly catch what the article is about.________________
5．Children who can see and hear learn language easily, but for Helen, it was a gradual and sometimes painful process.
正常的孩子能听、能看，学起语言来很容易。但对海伦来说，学习语言是个渐进的过程，有时会很痛苦。
★painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的
[用法感知]
①It can be painful to leave the house in which you were born.
离开你出生的家是很痛苦的。
②To help ease the pain, heat can be applied to the area with a hot water bag.
可以用一个热水袋在疼痛部位热敷来帮助缓解疼痛。
③Great pains have been taken to ensure the safety of passengers.
要不遗余力确保乘客的安全。
归纳点拨 pain n． 痛苦；疼，痛；劳苦，努力(pains) have pains/a pain in ……部位疼 be in pain 在痛苦中；在苦恼中 spare no pains/effort to do sth. 不遗余力/全力以赴做某事 take pains to do sth. 尽力/费苦心/下苦功做某事
名师点津 (1)当pain指“肉体上的疼痛、痛苦”时，既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词；指“精神上的痛苦”时常用作不可数名词。 (2)当pain意为“辛苦，努力；操心，费力”时，常用复数形式。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He had no food or water and he was ________ terrible pain.
⑤Applying for jobs can be a long and ________ (pain) process.
⑥We should take pains ____________ (improve) ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
⑦We ___________________________________ a whole harmonious society.
我们应该全力以赴构建全面和谐的社会。
⑧He ____________________， which makes him painful.
他背疼，这让他很痛苦。
6．As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着海伦知识和词汇量的不断扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。
★expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大，扩充；增加；使膨胀；详述
[用法感知]
①(主旨升华句)The secret of happiness is: try to expand the scope of your interest, friendly to people and objects of interest as far as possible.
幸福的秘诀是：尽量扩大你的兴趣范围，对感兴趣的人和物尽可能友善。
②We are surprised at the rapid expansion of the software industry.
我们对软件工业的迅速发展感到惊讶。
[归纳点拨]
(1)expand (...) into ... (把……)扩展(发展)成……
expand on/upon sth. 详述某事；充分叙述某事
(2)expansion n. 扩张；扩大；增加
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③The teacher asked students to expand a sentence ____________ a story.
④Could you expand ____________ that point, please
⑤You can ______________________ by reading more books.
你可以通过多读书来扩充知识。
7．When her teacher said that it wasn't, she was confused and disappointed.
当她的老师说不是的时候，她感到更困惑了，而且有些失望。
★disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
[用法感知]
①She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
她离开了餐馆，对糟糕的服务感到失望。
②I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I'm afraid I can't lend you some money.
很抱歉让你失望了，但我恐怕不能借给你钱。
③(“心理描写”佳句)No one answering, he turned and entered the house with a mixture of joy and a little disappointment.
没有人应声，他转身进了屋，心里既高兴又有点失望。
归纳点拨 (1)be disappointed at/in/with ... 对……失望 be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望 (2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望 to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是 (3)disappoint vt.使失望；使(希望等)破灭
轻巧识记
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed ____________ their new life in the city.
⑤Visitors were disappointed ____________ (find) the museum closed.
⑥The response to our advertisement has been somewhat ____________ (disappoint)．
⑦We ________________________ the news that our sports meeting was delayed because of the rain. 因为下雨我们的运动会被推迟了，我们都对此消息感到失望。
⑧______________________， they didn't visit the West Lake when in Hangzhou.
令她失望的是，她们在杭州的时候没有去西湖。
1．By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn't speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her.
她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。
by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……的时候”，其常见用法有：
(1)by the time＋从句(一般过去时)，主句常用过去完成时。
(2)by the time＋从句(一般现在时)，主句常用将来完成时。
注意：by the end of也有类似用法：
By the end of next month, the building will have been completed.
到下个月末，这栋楼将已竣工。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①By the time he got married, he ____________ (study) history for ten years.
②By the time I graduate next year, I ________ (live) here for five years.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③等玛丽到家时，她的阿姨将已经去伦敦参加会议了。
________________ Mary gets home, her aunt __________________ to attend a meeting.
④当我们到达影院时，电影已经开始10分钟了。
________________ we arrived at the cinema, the film ________________ for ten minutes.
2．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.
我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。
句中it为形式宾语，strange为形容词作宾语补足语，that从句为真正的宾语。
(1)常用于以上结构的动词还有：think, feel, make, consider等；
(2)宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词；
(3)真正的宾语可以是不定式、动名词或从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①My car makes ____________ possible for me to get to my office on time.
②We thought it no good ____________ (explain) to him what had happened.
③I've found it interesting ____________ (talk) with foreigners in English.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④大多数人都觉得有必要实施交通限制来缓解交通堵塞。
Most people ____________________________ traffic restrictions to relieve traffic jams.
⑤我明确表示，你是一位优秀的老师，值得学生们的尊重。
____________________ you are a superb teacher and that you deserve the students' respect.
⑥我认为全心全意为人民服务是我们的责任。
I __________________________ the people heart and soul.
3．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word — a word for something she couldn't touch.
那是海伦第一次明白这样一个复杂词语的意思——一个她触摸不到的抽象词语。
·It/This/That is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，意为“这/那是第……次做某事”，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。当主句的谓语动词是was时，从句用过去完成时。
·It is (high) time that sb. did/should do ...意为“到某人该做……的时候了”，从句谓语动词常用一般过去时或should do，should一般不能省略。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①This is the first time that we ____________ (see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
②This was the first time that I ____________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
③It's (high) time that we ____________ (do) something to make good use of time.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④那是他第一次独自旅行，所以他感到紧张和兴奋。
__________________________________________________________， so he felt nervous and excited.
⑤知道这是你第一次访问中国，我写信给你一些在中国旅行的建议。
________________________________________________，I am writing to give you some advice on travelling in China.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)现在是我们应该采取措施保护海洋环境的时候了。
______________________________________ to protect the ocean environment.
4．Finally, she got the world of words opened up to her.
终于，她打开了语言世界的大门。
感知将学语法——get sth.done
got the world of words opened up ...中get为使役动词，构成get sth.done结构，意为“使某事被做”。
①Why don't you get your car started
你为什么不启动你的车？
②If you want to play outside, you should get your work finished in advance.
如果你想出去玩，你应该提前把工作做完。
Section 3 “Enlightening a Mind”的新知学习环节
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.启迪 2.固执的 3.简单的 4.液体 5.光线 6.抽象的
7．项链 8.让人心烦的
二、1.tendency 2.superb 3.techniques 4.precious 5.grasp
6．vocabulary 7.complex 8.breakthrough
三、1.①exceptionally ②exceptions ③exceptional
2．①severe ②severely ③severeness
3．①restriction ②restrict
4．①unbearable ②bearable ③bear
5．①relate ②related ③relations
6．①initially ②initial
7．①excitement ②excite ③excited ④exciting
8．①imitation ②imitate 9.①gradual ②gradually
10．①painful ②pain 11.①enthusiastic ②enthusiasm
12．①expand ②expansion 13.①gently ②gentle
14．①puzzle ②puzzled ③puzzling
15．①apparent ②apparently 16.①disappointed ②disappoint
③disappointing ④disappointment 17.①vivid ②vividly
五、1.have a tendency to do sth. 2.as well 3.relate to
4．hold up 5.open up to 6.be eager to 7.point to
8．point up 9.work on 10.with the help of 11.in a flash
12．at that moment e out
重点词汇·深化学习
1．④tendency ⑤to need
⑥It is really kind of you to tend (to) my pet dog
⑦has a tendency to cause headaches
⑧tends to cause headaches
2．④to/with ⑤to
⑥should be related to/in relation to the most significant breakthrough
⑦I extremely relate to your feelings now
3．④excitement ⑤at/by/about ⑥to be asked ⑦exciting
⑧was excited that
4．④the ⑤beyond ⑥of ⑦you could grasp this opportunity ⑧understand/grasp
5．④in ⑤painful ⑥to improve
⑦should spare no pains/effort to construct
⑧has a pain in the back
6．③into ④on/upon ⑤expand your knowledge
7．④with/at/in ⑤to find ⑥disappointing
⑦were all disappointed at ⑧To her disappointment
NO.2 通句式
1．①had studied ②will have lived
③By the time; will have left for London
④By the time; had been on
2．①it ②explaining ③to talk ④feel it necessary to carry out
⑤I make it clear that ⑥think it our duty to serve
3．①have seen ②had experienced ③should do/did
④It was the first time that he had travelled alone
⑤Knowing it is the first time that you have visited China
⑥It is (high) time that we should take/took measures(共114张PPT)
Section 3 “Enlightening a Mind”
的新知学习环节
课时目标
1.熟记单词、短语的意思和用法，并能灵活运用。
2.掌握文章中的一些重要句型，并学以致用。
目 录
NO.1 积词汇 / 由记准到用活
NO.2 通句式 / 由规则到熟用
课时检测
积词汇 / 由记准到用活
NO.1
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．enlighten a mind 心灵
2．stubborn character 性格
3．a straightforward process 过程
4．the cool liquid 清凉的_____
新学词汇 归类记清
启迪
固执的
简单的
液体
5．the sun's rays 太阳的_____
6．such an abstract concept 这么 概念
7．make necklaces 制作_____
8．a troublesome child 孩子
光线
抽象的
项链
让人心烦的
二、重点单词——写其形
1．have a to break things 有摔东西的倾向
2．a teacher 一位极好的老师
3．marketing __________ 营销技巧
4．the knowledge 宝贵的知识
tendency
superb
techniques
precious
5． the key to language 理解语言的关键
6．increase the 增加词汇量
7．discover more words 发现更复杂的词汇
8．have a 取得突破
grasp
vocabulary
complex
breakthrough
三、活用单词——悉其变
exceptionally
exceptional
severe
severely
severeness
exceptions
restriction
restrict
unbearable
bearable
bear
relate
related
relations
initially
initial
excitement
excite
excited
exciting
imitation
imitate
gradual
gradually
painful
pain
enthusiastic
enthusiasm
expand
expansion
gently
gentle
puzzle
puzzled
puzzling
apparent
apparently
disappointed
disappoint
disappointing
disappointment
vivid
vividly
四、拓展构词——明其规
1．expansion：-sion名词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①extension 延伸
②conclusion 结论，推论；结尾
③decision 决定，决心
④division 分开；分配；除法
2．painful：-ul形容词后缀
[依“规”串记]
①hopeful 有希望的
②careful 小心的
③plentiful 丰富的；大量的
④skillful 熟练的
五、高级词块——通其用
1． 有做某事的倾向
2． 也；同样地
3． 涉及，有关；理解
4． 举起；阻挡
5． 对……开放
have a tendency to do sth.
as well
relate to
hold up
open up to
6． 盼望，渴望
7． 指向；指出；针对
8． 向上指；强调
9． 影响，对……起作用；
继续工作；从事于……
be eager to
point to
point up
work on
10． 在……的帮助下
11． 瞬间；立刻
12． 在那时刻，就在那时
13． 出现；出版；结果是
with the help of
in a flash
at that moment
come out
1．She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.
她有时很烦人、很固执，而且很易怒。如果没有人能理解她的意思，她就会摔东西。
重点词汇 深化学习
★tendency n．倾向，趋势
[用法感知]
①There is a growing tendency among middle-school students that they will do some voluntary work during their vacation.
中学生越来越倾向于在假期里做一些志愿工作。
②(“语言学习”主题佳句)When learning English, most people have a tendency to focus their attention on vocabulary and grammar purely.
在学习英语时，大多数人倾向于将注意力仅仅集中在词汇和语法上。
③He tends to sacrifice his own interest for the group benefit.
为了集体利益，他倾向于牺牲自己的利益。
[归纳点拨]
(1)a tendency to/towards sth. ……的倾向
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
(2)tend v. 倾向，趋于；照料
tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事，往往会做某事
tend to/towards sth. 倾向于某事
tend (to) sb./sth. 照管某人/某物
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④If a person boils with anger or experiences anxiety, he will have a (tend) to cross with arms in front of his chest.
⑤People tend (need) less sleep as they get older.
tendency
to need
⑥ when I am on business.
我出差时你能照顾我的宠物狗，你真是太好了。
It is really kind of you to tend (to) my pet dog
(2)一句多译
这种药很有效，但往往会引起头痛。
⑦The drug is effective but________________________________.
(tendency)
⑧The drug is effective but .(tend)
has a tendency to cause headaches
tends to cause headaches
2．She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties.
她小时候视力也有障碍，所以更能理解海伦所面临的困境。
★relate vi.& vt.理解；相联系；叙述，讲述
[用法感知]
①It is requested that all the articles should be related to the students' life.
据要求，所有文章都应与学生的生活有关。
②We often relate health to/with taking exercise.
我们经常把健康与做运动联系起来。
③In relation to the recent events, we need to take immediate action.
针对最近发生的事件，我们需要立即采取行动。
归纳点拨 (1)relate ...to/with ...把……与……联系起来
relate to ... 和……有关联；理解……
(2)related adj. 有关系的，有关联的
be related to 与……有关系
(3)relation n. 关系，联系
in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及
have no relation to 与……没关系
轻巧识记
续表
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The report related high wages labour shortages.
⑤What he said relates what we are discussing now.
⑥It is required that your speech____________________________
in the 20th century.
按要求，你的演讲必须与20世纪最重大的突破有关。
to/with
to
should be related to/in relation
to the most significant breakthrough
⑦Having suffered the same painful experience as you,__________
.
我遭受了和你一样的痛苦经历，所以我非常理解你现在的感受。
I extremely
relate to your feelings now
3．She wrote about her excitement later in her book, The Story of My Life.
后来在《我的人生故事》一书中，海伦描述了自己的兴奋之情。
★excitement n．兴奋，激动
[用法感知]
①One factor behind football's global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field.
足球在全球流行的一个原因是球场上的创造力和激情。
②That he will attend the meeting has excited every one of us.
他将出席会议，这让我们每个人都很兴奋。
③I am sure you will get excited about all of the fun things you'll be able to do.
我相信你会为你能做的所有有趣的事情感到兴奋的。
归纳点拨 (1)excite vt. 使激动，使兴奋
(2)excited adj. 兴奋的，激动的
be excited at/by/about 对……感到激动/兴奋
be excited to do sth. 对做某事感到兴奋
be excited that ... 感到激动/兴奋的是……
(3)exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
名师点津 excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态；exciting表示“令人激动的”，是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物，如excited look/expression等。
续表
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The twins were filled with (excite) as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day.
⑤We are all excited your success in the experiment.
⑥He was very excited (ask) to play for Wales.
excitement
at/by/about
to be asked
⑦This has been one of the most (excite)developments in biology in recent years.
⑧Everyone the tour was going to finally happen.
每个人都很兴奋，这次旅行终于要开始了。
exciting
was excited that
4．Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。
★grasp vt.& n．理解，领会；抓住
[用法感知]
①(谚语)Grasp all, lose all.
欲尽得，必尽失。
②I didn't really grasp what they were talking about.
我没有真正理解他们在谈论什么。
③(“动作描写”佳句)He grasped the rope with both hands.
他双手抓着绳子。
归纳点拨 (1)grasp sb./sth./that/wh-从句 理解……
grasp sb.by the hand/arm 抓住某人的手/手臂
(2)have a good grasp of sth. 很好地掌握某事
beyond one's grasp超出某人的理解能力；为某人力所不及
名师点津 grasp同catch一样，由“抓住”可引申为“理解，明白”。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④He grasped her firmly by arm.
⑤With house prices up, many families with children are finding suitable housing their grasp.
⑥They have a good grasp foreign languages.
the
beyond
of
⑦I wish that to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
我希望你们能抓住这个机会进一步学习中国传统文化。
(2)替换加蓝词汇
⑧A short opening paragraph enables the reader to quickly catch what the article is about.________________
you could grasp this opportunity
understand/grasp
5．Children who can see and hear learn language easily, but for Helen, it was a gradual and sometimes painful process.
正常的孩子能听、能看，学起语言来很容易。但对海伦来说，学习语言是个渐进的过程，有时会很痛苦。
★painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的
[用法感知]
①It can be painful to leave the house in which you were born.
离开你出生的家是很痛苦的。
②To help ease the pain, heat can be applied to the area with a hot water bag.
可以用一个热水袋在疼痛部位热敷来帮助缓解疼痛。
③Great pains have been taken to ensure the safety of passengers.
要不遗余力确保乘客的安全。
归纳点拨 pain n． 痛苦；疼，痛；劳苦，努力(pains)
have pains/a pain in ……部位疼
be in pain 在痛苦中；在苦恼中
spare no pains/effort to do sth. 不遗余力/全力以赴做某事
take pains to do sth. 尽力/费苦心/下苦功做某事
名师点津 (1)当pain指“肉体上的疼痛、痛苦”时，既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词；指“精神上的痛苦”时常用作不可数名词。
(2)当pain意为“辛苦，努力；操心，费力”时，常用复数形式。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He had no food or water and he was terrible pain.
⑤Applying for jobs can be a long and (pain) process.
⑥We should take pains (improve) ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
in
painful
to improve
⑦We a whole harmonious society.
我们应该全力以赴构建全面和谐的社会。
⑧He , which makes him painful.
他背疼，这让他很痛苦。
should spare no pains/effort to construct
has a pain in the back
6．As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着海伦知识和词汇量的不断扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。
★expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大，扩充；增加；使膨胀；详述
[用法感知]
①(主旨升华句)The secret of happiness is: try to expand the scope of your interest, friendly to people and objects of interest as far as possible.
幸福的秘诀是：尽量扩大你的兴趣范围，对感兴趣的人和物尽可能友善。
②We are surprised at the rapid expansion of the software industry.
我们对软件工业的迅速发展感到惊讶。
[归纳点拨]
(1)expand (...) into ... (把……)扩展(发展)成……
expand on/upon sth. 详述某事；充分叙述某事
(2)expansion n. 扩张；扩大；增加
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③The teacher asked students to expand a sentence a story.
④Could you expand that point, please
⑤You can by reading more books.
你可以通过多读书来扩充知识。
into
on/upon
expand your knowledge
7．When her teacher said that it wasn't, she was confused and disappointed.
当她的老师说不是的时候，她感到更困惑了，而且有些失望。
★disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
[用法感知]
①She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
她离开了餐馆，对糟糕的服务感到失望。
②I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I'm afraid I can't lend you some money.
很抱歉让你失望了，但我恐怕不能借给你钱。
③(“心理描写”佳句)No one answering, he turned and entered the house with a mixture of joy and a little disappointment.
没有人应声，他转身进了屋，心里既高兴又有点失望。
归纳点拨 (1)be disappointed at/in/with ... 对……失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望
to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是
(3)disappoint vt.使失望；使(希望等)破灭
轻巧识记
续表
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed their new life in the city.
⑤Visitors were disappointed (find) the museum closed.
⑥The response to our advertisement has been somewhat _____________(disappoint)．
with/at/in
to find
disappointing
⑦We the news that our sports meeting was delayed because of the rain.
因为下雨我们的运动会被推迟了，我们都对此消息感到失望。
⑧ , they didn't visit the West Lake when in Hangzhou.
令她失望的是，她们在杭州的时候没有去西湖。
were all disappointed at
To her disappointment
通句式 / 由规则到熟用
NO.2
1．By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn't speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her.
她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。
by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……的时候”，其常见用法有：
(1)by the time＋从句(一般过去时)，主句常用过去完成时。
(2)by the time＋从句(一般现在时)，主句常用将来完成时。
注意：by the end of也有类似用法：
By the end of next month, the building will have been completed.
到下个月末，这栋楼将已竣工。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①By the time he got married, he (study) history for ten years.
②By the time I graduate next year, I (live) here for five years.
had studied
will have lived
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③等玛丽到家时，她的阿姨将已经去伦敦参加会议了。
Mary gets home, her aunt _______________________
to attend a meeting.
④当我们到达影院时，电影已经开始10分钟了。
we arrived at the cinema, the film for ten minutes.
By the time
will have left for London
By the time
had been on
2．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.
我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。
句中it为形式宾语，strange为形容词作宾语补足语，that从句为真正的宾语。
(1)常用于以上结构的动词还有：think, feel, make, consider等；
(2)宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词；
(3)真正的宾语可以是不定式、动名词或从句。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①My car makes possible for me to get to my office on time.
②We thought it no good (explain) to him what had happened.
③I've found it interesting (talk) with foreigners in English.
it
explaining
to talk
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④大多数人都觉得有必要实施交通限制来缓解交通堵塞。
Most people traffic restrictions to relieve traffic jams.
⑤我明确表示，你是一位优秀的老师，值得学生们的尊重。
you are a superb teacher and that you deserve the students' respect.
feel it necessary to carry out
I make it clear that
⑥我认为全心全意为人民服务是我们的责任。
I the people heart and soul.
think it our duty to serve
3．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word — a word for something she couldn't touch.
那是海伦第一次明白这样一个复杂词语的意思——一个她触摸不到的抽象词语。
·It/This/That is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，意为“这/那是第……次做某事”，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。当主句的谓语动词是was时，从句用过去完成时。
·It is (high) time that sb. did/should do ...意为“到某人该做……的时候了”，从句谓语动词常用一般过去时或should do，should一般不能省略。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①This is the first time that we (see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
②This was the first time that I (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
③It's (high) time that we (do) something to make good use of time.
have seen
had experienced
should do/did
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④那是他第一次独自旅行，所以他感到紧张和兴奋。
, so he felt nervous and excited.
⑤知道这是你第一次访问中国，我写信给你一些在中国旅行的建议。
，I am writing to give you some advice on travelling in China.
It was the first time that he had travelled alone
Knowing it is the first time that you have visited China
⑥(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)现在是我们应该采取措施保护海洋环境的时候了。
to protect the ocean environment.
It is (high) time that we should take/took measures
4．Finally, she got the world of words opened up to her.
终于，她打开了语言世界的大门。
感知将学语法——get sth.done
got the world of words opened up ...中get为使役动词，构成get sth.done结构，意为“使某事被做”。
①Why don't you get your car started
你为什么不启动你的车？
②If you want to play outside, you should get your work finished in advance.
如果你想出去玩，你应该提前把工作做完。
课时检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Mrs Smith seems particularly (热心的) about the calligraphy exhibition.
2．The store has helped (扩大) the British cheese market by encouraging small dairy farmers.
enthusiastic
expand
3．Since you can't see clearly, you need to have your (视力) tested.
4．In mathematics, we use many (技巧) of problem-solving.
5．His lack of experience was quite (显而易见的) to everyone.
eyesight
techniques
apparent
6．By the age of two, a child will have a (词汇量) of about two hundred words.
7．We have achieved a real (突破) in the search for peace.
vocabulary
breakthrough
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The young father held the baby (gentle) in fear that he would hurt her.
2．Nearly a third of the children were (severe) underweight.
3．Clearly, dropping this (restrict) would allow the other species to recover.
gently
severely
restriction
4．It is a very beautiful country but I find the heat ____________
(bearable)．
5．If you're expecting Dad to let you borrow his car, you're going to be (disappoint)．
unbearable
disappointed
6．The theme of the dialogue should (relate) to the theme of the whole passage.
7．Forecasters say the storms may not be as bad as they ________
(initial) predicted.
be related
initially
Ⅲ.选词填空
point to， in a flash， as well， be eager to， hold up， have a tendency to， with the help of， come out， work on， at that moment
1．I talk too much when I'm nervous.
2．The boss clearly deserved some of the blame .
have a tendency to
as well
3．She suddenly a small, bony finger and pointed across the room.
4．Some people buy shares in new businesses.
5．William was able to the progressive changes he had already introduced.
held up
are eager to
point to
6．They the building all through the winter.
7．We've grown up our teachers.
8． he remembered everything and a plan began to form in his mind.
9． a very good thing was happening to her.
10．The rain stopped and the sun .
worked on
with the help of
In a flash
At that moment
came out
Ⅳ.完成句子
1． , she had been an excellent volunteer.
到她大学毕业的时候，她已经是一名优秀的志愿者了。
2． each sign represented only one sound in their language.
这是因为在他们的语言中，每个符号只代表一种声音。
By the time she left college
This was because
3． , we can't buy a new car.
既然我们没钱，我们就不能买新汽车了。
4． she had left her hometown.
这是她第一次离开家乡。
Now that we've no money
It was the first time
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Helen Keller was an exceptionally special girl who needed a superb teacher. Her behaviour was often ① (bear) and she was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry because she couldn't speak, read ② write at the age of 7.
unbearable
or
Anne Sullivan was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind in Boston. She'd had eyesight problems early in life ③ well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties. Anne's technique to teach Helen language was simple and straightforward. Anne ④ (spell) words by writing on Helen's hand so that Helen could get a mental picture of the words.As Anne wrote on Helen's hand one day, Helen suddenly realised that the ⑤ (move) of the fingers meant
as
spelt
movement
the cool liquid flowing over her hand.This precious knowledge gave her hope and joy. Finally, she got the world of words ⑥ (open) up to her.
Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager ⑦_____
(learn) more and use it as much as she could. This soon led her to discover ⑧ (complex)words and changed her thinking process. She had a breakthrough while ⑨ (work) on a simple task. Helen understood the meaning of “love” and “think” ⑩ the help of Miss Sullivan.
opened
to
learn
more complex
working
with
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
Do you ever feel like an outsider An outsider is not a strange person without friends. 1 ， they are someone who challenges accepted values and perspectives.The education system teaches you to think 2 .However, brilliant work is always unconventional.The self-taught may produce fresh and 3 work.
Everything was against Eileen Gray.In the 1920s, you needed strict qualifications to become an architect.Men strictly 4 access to academic courses.Eileen Gray 5 to accept the conventional rules presented to her.No one in the system would help her, so she helped herself.Gray rolled up her sleeves, picked up a hammer and nails, and made her 6 a reality.She taught herself the 7 an architect needed from books and evening classes.Gray recognized that other architects'
work was predictable because they were insiders 8 the design rules of the profession.The famous architecture companies 9 the same old designs and practices.She realized if she did things 10 she would stand out.
Imagine someone without 11 to build a house from the very beginning: attracting the finance, producing detailed plans of electrical circuits, plumbing, and 12 form, and then making it.In 1926, Gray
began building a house near Monaco.It was called E-1027, a white beacon of enlightenment (启蒙灯塔)．E-1027 immediately 13 international recognition as a masterpiece, and lots of design tasks flooded in.Her 14 shocked architects who had spent years studying at university.Gray's 15 to think and act independently contributed to her great success.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了艾琳·格雷成功建造了著名的 E-1027。她的成功源于对独立思考的坚定信念，展现了个性和创新在建筑设计中的重要性。
1．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Moreover
解析：根据上文“An outsider is not a strange person without friends”和下文“they are someone who challenges accepted values and perspectives”可知，局外人不是一个没有朋友的奇怪的人，而是挑战被接受的价值观和观点的人。
√
2．A.conventionally B．independently
C．carefully D．constantly
解析：根据下文“However, brilliant work is always unconventional”可知，卓越的工作总是不按常规。与下文构成转折，教育体系教导你以传统方式思考。
√
√
3．A.individual B．challenging
C．repetitive D．innovative
解析：根据上文“The self-taught may produce fresh”和后文“work”可知，自学者可能会产生新颖而创新的作品。
4．A.prevented B．controlled
C．established D．provided
解析：根据上文“In the 1920s, you needed strict qualifications to become an architect.”和“strictly”可推知，在20世纪20年代，成为一名建筑师需要严格的资格，而男性严格控制着对学术课程的准入。
√
5．A.hesitated B．attempted
C．refused D．failed
解析：根据上文“In the 1920s, you needed strict qualifications to become an architect.”和下文“Gray rolled up her sleeves, picked up a hammer and nails, and made her a reality.She taught herself the ______an architect needed from books and evening classes.”可知，她拒绝接受传统的束缚，拒绝接受摆在她面前的传统规则。
√
6．A.memory B．interest
C．life D．vision
解析：根据上文“Gray rolled up her sleeves, picked up a hammer and nails”和下文“She taught herself the an architect needed from books and evening classes.”可知，格雷把她的设想变成了现实。
√
7．A.demands B．skills
C．standards D．opportunities
解析：根据上文“Men strictly access to academic courses.”和“taught herself”可知，此处Gray自学了建筑师所需的技能。
√
8．A.turning to B．applying to
C．sticking to D．adapting to
解析：根据上文“Gray recognized that other architects' work was predictable”和下文“the design rules of the profession”可知，其他建筑师的作品很容易预测，因为他们严格遵循职业设计规则。
√
9．A.repeated B．assessed
C．proved D．replaced
解析：根据下文“the same old designs and practices”可知，知名的建筑公司一直在重复相同的旧设计和做法。
√
10．A.differently B．separately
C．enthusiastically D．reasonably
解析：根据上文“The famous architecture companies the same old designs and practices.”和下文“would stand out”可知，她意识到如果她不遵循传统的设计规则，以不同的方式设计，她会脱颖而出。
√
11．A.insurance B．connection
C．testing D．training
解析：根据上文“She taught herself the an architect needed from books and evening classes.”可知，Gray并没有接受正规的建筑师培训。
√
12．A.educational B．artistic
C．structural D．technical
解析：根据上文“build a house from the very beginning: attracting the finance, producing detailed plans of electrical circuits, plumbing”可知，Gray独自设计电路、水管和结构图。
√
13．A.gained B．sought
C．deserved D．sustained
解析：根据下文“international recognition as a masterpiece, and lots of design tasks flooded in”可知，E-1027立即被国际认可为杰作。
√
14．A.treatment B．achievement
C．adjustment D．advancement
解析：根据上文“It was called E-1027 ...lots of design tasks flooded in.”和下文“shocked architects who had spent years studying at university”可知，她的成就震惊了在大学学习了多年的建筑师。
√
15．A.anxiety B．curiosity
C．confidence D．freedom
解析：根据下文“think and act independently contributed to her great success”可知，自信促成了她的巨大成功。
√UNIT 5 课时检测(三) “Enlightening a Mind”的新知学习环节
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Mrs Smith seems particularly ________ (热心的) about the calligraphy exhibition.
2．The store has helped ____________ (扩大) the British cheese market by encouraging small dairy farmers.
3．Since you can't see clearly, you need to have your ____________ (视力) tested.
4．In mathematics, we use many __________ (技巧) of problem solving.
5．His lack of experience was quite ____________ (显而易见的) to everyone.
6．By the age of two, a child will have a __________ (词汇量) of about two hundred words.
7．We have achieved a real ____________ (突破) in the search for peace.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The young father held the baby ____________ (gentle) in fear that he would hurt her.
2．Nearly a third of the children were ____________ (severe) underweight.
3．Clearly, dropping this ____________ (restrict) would allow the other species to recover.
4．It is a very beautiful country but I find the heat ____________ (bearable)．
5．If you're expecting Dad to let you borrow his car, you're going to be ____________(disappoint)．
6．The theme of the dialogue should ____________ (relate) to the theme of the whole passage.
7．Forecasters say the storms may not be as bad as they ____________ (initial) predicted.
Ⅲ.选词填空
point to， in a flash， as well， be eager to， hold up， have a tendency to， with the help of， come out， work on， at that moment
1．I ____________________ talk too much when I'm nervous.
2．The boss clearly deserved some of the blame ________________.
3．She suddenly ________________ a small, bony finger and pointed across the room.
4．Some people ________________ buy shares in new businesses.
5．William was able to ________________ the progressive changes he had already introduced.
6．They ________________ the building all through the winter.
7．We've grown up ________________ our teachers.
8．________________ he remembered everything and a plan began to form in his mind.
9．________________ a very good thing was happening to her.
10．The rain stopped and the sun ___________________________________________.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．__________________________________， she had been an excellent volunteer.
到她大学毕业的时候，她已经是一名优秀的志愿者了。
2．________________________ each sign represented only one sound in their language.
这是因为在他们的语言中，每个符号只代表一种声音。
3．________________________________， we can't buy a new car.
既然我们没钱，我们就不能买新汽车了。
4．______________________ she had left her hometown. 这是她第一次离开家乡。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Helen Keller was an exceptionally special girl who needed a superb teacher. Her behaviour was often ①____________ (bear) and she was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry because she couldn't speak, read ②____________ write at the age of 7.
Anne Sullivan was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind in Boston. She'd had eyesight problems early in life ③____________ well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties. Anne's technique to teach Helen language was simple and straightforward. Anne ④____________ (spell) words by writing on Helen's hand so that Helen could get a mental picture of the words.As Anne wrote on Helen's hand one day, Helen suddenly realised that the ⑤____________ (move) of the fingers meant the cool liquid flowing over her hand.This precious knowledge gave her hope and joy. Finally, she got the world of words ⑥__________ (open) up to her.
Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager ⑦____________ (learn) more and use it as much as she could. This soon led her to discover ⑧__________ (complex)words and changed her thinking process. She had a breakthrough while ⑨____________ (work) on a simple task. Helen understood the meaning of “love” and “think” ⑩____________ the help of Miss Sullivan.
[语篇综合训练]
完形填空
Do you ever feel like an outsider An outsider is not a strange person without friends.__1__， they are someone who challenges accepted values and perspectives.The education system teaches you to think __2__.However, brilliant work is always unconventional.The self taught may produce fresh and __3__ work.
Everything was against Eileen Gray.In the 1920s, you needed strict qualifications to become an architect.Men strictly __4__ access to academic courses.Eileen Gray __5__ to accept the conventional rules presented to her.No one in the system would help her, so she helped herself.Gray rolled up her sleeves, picked up a hammer and nails, and made her __6__ a reality.She taught herself the __7__ an architect needed from books and evening classes.Gray recognized that other architects' work was predictable because they were insiders __8__ the design rules of the profession.The famous architecture companies __9__ the same old designs and practices.She realized if she did things __10__ she would stand out.
Imagine someone without __11__ to build a house from the very beginning: attracting the finance, producing detailed plans of electrical circuits, plumbing, and __12__ form, and then making it.In 1926, Gray began building a house near Monaco.It was called E 1027, a white beacon of enlightenment (启蒙灯塔)．E 1027 immediately __13__ international recognition as a masterpiece, and lots of design tasks flooded in.Her __14__ shocked architects who had spent years studying at university.Gray's __15__ to think and act independently contributed to her great success.
1．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Moreover
2．A.conventionally B．independently
C．carefully D．constantly
3．A.individual B．challenging
C．repetitive D．innovative
4．A.prevented B．controlled
C．established D．provided
5．A.hesitated B．attempted
C．refused D．failed
6．A.memory B．interest
C．life D．vision
7．A.demands B．skills
C．standards D．opportunities
8．A.turning to B．applying to
C．sticking to D．adapting to
9．A.repeated B．assessed
C．proved D．replaced
10．A.differently B．separately
C．enthusiastically D．reasonably
11．A.insurance B．connection
C．testing D．training
12．A.educational B．artistic
C．structural D．technical
13．A.gained B．sought
C．deserved D．sustained
14．A.treatment B．achievement
C．adjustment D．advancement
15．A.anxiety B．curiosity
C．confidence D．freedom
UNIT 5 课时检测(三)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.enthusiastic 2.expand 3.eyesight 4.techniques
5.apparent 6.vocabulary 7.breakthrough
Ⅱ.1.gently 2.severely 3.restriction 4.unbearable
5.disappointed 6.be related 7.initially
Ⅲ.1.have a tendency to 2.as well 3.held up 4.are eager to
5.point to 6.worked on 7.with the help of 8.In a flash
9.At that moment 10.came out
Ⅳ.1.By the time she left college 2.This was because
3.Now that we’ve no money 4.It was the first time
Ⅴ.①unbearable ②or ③as ④spelt ⑤movement
⑥opened ⑦to learn ⑧more complex ⑨working ⑩with
[语篇综合训练]
语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了艾琳·格雷成功建造了著名的 E 1027。她的成功源于对独立思考的坚定信念,展现了个性和创新在建筑设计中的重要性。
1.选C 根据上文“An outsider is not a strange person without friends”和下文“they are someone who challenges accepted values and perspectives”可知,局外人不是一个没有朋友的奇怪的人,而是挑战被接受的价值观和观点的人。
2.选A 根据下文“However, brilliant work is always unconventional”可知,卓越的工作总是不按常规。与下文构成转折,教育体系教导你以传统方式思考。
3.选D 根据上文“The self taught may produce fresh”和后文“work”可知,自学者可能会产生新颖而创新的作品。
4.选B 根据上文“In the 1920s, you needed strict qualifications to become an architect.”和“strictly”可推知,在20世纪20年代,成为一名建筑师需要严格的资格,而男性严格控制着对学术课程的准入。
5.选C 根据上文“In the 1920s, you needed strict qualifications to become an architect.”和下文“Gray rolled up her sleeves, picked up a hammer and nails, and made her a reality.She taught herself the an architect needed from books and evening classes.”可知,她拒绝接受传统的束缚,拒绝接受摆在她面前的传统规则。
6.选D 根据上文“Gray rolled up her sleeves, picked up a hammer and nails”和下文“She taught herself the an architect needed from books and evening classes.”可知,格雷把她的设想变成了现实。
7.选B 根据上文“Men strictly access to academic courses.”和“taught herself”可知,此处Gray自学了建筑师所需的技能。
8.选C 根据上文“Gray recognized that other architects’ work was predictable”和下文“the design rules of the profession”可知,其他建筑师的作品很容易预测,因为他们严格遵循职业设计规则。
9.选A 根据下文“the same old designs and practices”可知,知名的建筑公司一直在重复相同的旧设计和做法。
10.选A 根据上文“The famous architecture companies the same old designs and practices.”和下文“would stand out”可知,她意识到如果她不遵循传统的设计规则,以不同的方式设计,她会脱颖而出。
11.选D 根据上文“She taught herself the an architect needed from books and evening classes.”可知,Gray并没有接受正规的建筑师培训。
12.选C 根据上文“build a house from the very beginning: attracting the finance, producing detailed plans of electrical circuits, plumbing”可知,Gray独自设计电路、水管和结构图。
13.选A 根据下文“international recognition as a masterpiece, and lots of design tasks flooded in”可知,E 1027立即被国际认可为杰作。
14.选B 根据上文“It was called E 1027 ...lots of design tasks flooded in.”和下文“shocked architects who had spent years studying at university”可知,她的成就震惊了在大学学习了多年的建筑师。
15.选C 根据下文“think and act independently contributed to her great success”可知,自信促成了她的巨大成功。
