Section 4 Focus on Language：代词it的用法
课时目标
1.掌握代词it的用法及其固定搭配。
2.掌握it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法及其固定句型。
3.能够在具体语境中灵活运用it。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Antarctica is the coldest place on earth and ①it is also the driest.②It hardly ever rains on Antarctica.③It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.④It is known that Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered.⑤It was in 1895 that a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.Life is quite abnormal so scientists have found ⑥it impossible to live there permanently.Many scientists think ⑦it worthwhile to protect ⑧it because its ecology is delicate.I think one day I will make ⑨it to Antarctica.,
①⑧句中的it指代前面提到的Antarctica。
②句中的it指代天气。
③④句中的it作形式主语。
⑤句中的it用于强调句型。
⑥⑦句中的it作形式宾语。
⑨句中的it用在固定搭配中，make it表示“成功，抵达”。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
代词it可以用来代替名词、短语、从句或句子，以避免它们在句中的重复，也可在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，以及用于强调句型和其他固定句式中等。
一、it用作代词
1．it用作人称代词
(1)it指代上文提到的事物，以避免重复。
Xi'an is a beautiful city, isn't it
西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？
(2)可以指动物、未知性别的婴儿或孩子或不明身份的人。
—Is this your dog
—No, it isn't.
——这是你的狗吗？
——不，它不是。
Her newly born baby is tiny; it only weighs 2 kilos.
她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重。
—Who is it knocking at the door
—It might be the postman.
——谁在敲门？
——可能是邮递员。
2．it用作非人称代词
可以表示天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境情况等。
It is a lovely day, isn't it
天气真不错，不是吗？
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
她回来时已近午夜。
It is half an hour's walk to the city centre from my home.
从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。
It was very quiet in the café.
咖啡馆里非常安静。
[易混辨析]
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that(those) 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones
one(ones) 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Not only ________________________________ a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich content can also spark my passion for English.
它不仅为我提供了一个开阔视野的平台，而且它丰富的内容也能激发我对英语的热情。
②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)You cannot imagine ____________________________！
你无法想象这是多么有意义和有趣！
③—What time is it by your watch
—
——你的表几点了？
——9点39。
④__________________________ in the woods.
小树林里真安静。
⑤The baby cried _________________________________________________.
这个婴儿饿了就哭。
(2)选词填空(that/one/it/those)
⑥He has a car but he wants to sell ______________________________________.
⑦I saw many new toys in the store, so I asked my father to buy ____________ for me.
⑧The weather in Shanghai is warmer than ____________ in Harbin in winter.
⑨The students who do best in the exam are not always ____________ with the best brains.
二、it作形式主语和形式宾语
it用作形式主语或形式宾语时，常代替动词不定式(短语)、动词 ing(短语)或名词性从句。
1．it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.(＋for/of sb.)＋不定式
②It＋be＋adj.＋主语从句
③It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder ...)＋主语从句
④It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句
⑤It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...)＋that从句
⑥It is no good/use/useless doing sth.
⑦It's (well) worth doing ...
⑧It takes (sb.) some time/some money to do sth.
It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(青少年)无证驾驶是违法的。
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
你帮我解决问题，真是太好了。
It is no good reading without understanding.
阅读而不理解没有益处。
It is clear that the ability to smile is inborn.
显然，笑的能力是与生俱来的。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
据说他已经来北京了。
It is no wonder that he has made so much progress in his spoken English.
难怪他的英语口语进步这么大。
2．it作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb. to do/that从句
②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋useless/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money, energy) ...＋doing ...
③动词＋it＋介词短语＋that ...，如：
owe it to sb. that ... 把……归功于……
take it for granted that ... 想当然/认为……是理所当然的
keep it in mind that ... 记住……
④it用在一些表示好恶的动词(enjoy、 like、 love、 dislike、 hate、 appreciate等)后作形式宾语，宾语从句紧跟其后。
I don't feel it difficult to understand English.
我觉得理解英语并不难。
We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人。
I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.
我认为你去参加这个会议很重要。
I'd appreciate it if you can give me some useful advice on how to make friends easily.
如果你能给我一些关于如何轻松交朋友的有用建议，我将不胜感激。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①I ____________________ if you could help me.
如果你能帮助我，我会很感激的。
②I ________________ if you say such things in public.
我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。
③As far as I'm concerned, ______________ with him; he won't change his mind.
就我而言，和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变主意的。
④New technologies ____________________ turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
新技术使得以更低的成本更快地生产出新产品成为可能。
⑤ (2022·全国乙卷书面表达)__________________ students themselves to improve their self discipline, and __________________ parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也有必要加强引导。
⑥I ________________________________________________________________________ you don't agree with me.
我的理解是：你不同意我的见解。
⑦Please __________________ you bring enough money when you go out.
当你出门时请务必带够钱。
⑧__________________ all of them have gone to the cinema.
据说他们都去看电影了。
三、it用于强调句型及其他固定句式中
常见结构如下：
(1)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分，表示“那正是……才……”。
(2)It＋be＋时间段＋since引导的状语从句，表示“自……以来已多久了”。
(3)It＋be＋时间段＋before引导的状语从句，表示“过多久才……”。
(4)It＋be＋时间点＋when引导的状语从句，表示“到……已经几点了”。
(5)It＋be＋time＋that引导的从句，表示“是做……的时候了”。
(6)It＋be＋the first/second/third ...time＋that sb. ...，表示“这是某人第……次做某事”。
It was in the museum that I first saw this ancient vase.
我是在博物馆里第一次见到这个古董花瓶。
It won't be long before I return home.
用不了多久我就会回家。
It is the first time that I have climbed such a high mountain.
这是我第一次爬这么高的山。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①____________ was because his father was ill that he didn't attend the class.
②It has been 5 years ____________ I left Beijing.
③____________ was half an hour before the ambulance arrived.
④It is on the farm where we worked together ____________ we got to know each other.
⑤It will be many years ____________ the situation improves.
⑥(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Since an experienced music teacher helped me with some vocal training, ________________________ I mastered the correct pronunciation skills.
由于一位经验丰富的音乐老师帮助我进行了一些声乐训练，没过多久我就掌握了正确的发音技巧。
⑦(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)All in all, ____________________________ we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans.
总而言之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
⑧______________________________ these children have visited the Great Wall.
这些孩子们是第一次游览长城。
根据所给汉语提示补全短文
①____________________ (昨天是星期天). I stayed at home with my parents.②___________________ (天气晴朗) outside and I decided to go out with them.③____________________________________________________ (众所周知，伦敦有很多旅游景点)．First, we visited the London Tower, which stands on the southeast of Tower Mountain.④____________________ (它曾经是一座宫殿), and ⑤__________________________ (它现在是展览中心)．Then, we watched the famous “Big Ben”．⑥____________________ (它重达12吨) and its big pendulum (钟摆) is about 305 kilograms.⑦________________________________ (是在Hyde Park我们遇到了Mike), a friend of my father's.He changed so much that my father ⑧__________________________________ (发现很难认出他) at first sight.They talked a lot.At 2：00 p．m., we went home happily.
Section 4 Focus on Language：代词it的用法
慧学语法
一、[对点练] ①does it supply me with ②how meaningful and interesting it was ③It is 9：39. ④It is really quiet
⑤when it was hungry ⑥it ⑦one ⑧that ⑨those
二、[对点练] ①would appreciate it ②hate it
③it is no use arguing ④make it possible to
⑤It is urgent for; it is also necessary for ⑥take it that
⑦see to it that ⑧It is said that
三、[对点练] ①It ②since ③It ④that ⑤before
⑥it wasn't long before ⑦it is high time that
⑧It is the first time (that)
[语境综合应用]
①It was Sunday yesterday ②It was sunny
③It is well known that there are many tourist attractions in London
④It was once a palace ⑤it is now an exhibition center
⑥It weighs about 12 tons
⑦It was in Hyde Park that we met Mike
⑧found it hard to recognize him(共67张PPT)
Section 4 Focus on Language：
代词it的用法
课时目标
1.掌握代词it的用法及其固定搭配。
2.掌握it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法及其固定句型。
3.能够在具体语境中灵活运用it。
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Antarctica is the coldest place on earth and ①it is also the driest.②It hardly ever rains on Antarctica.③It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.④It is known that Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered.⑤It was in 1895 that a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic
mainland.Life is quite abnormal so scientists have found ⑥it impossible to live there permanently.Many scientists think ⑦it worthwhile to protect ⑧it because its ecology is delicate.I think one day I will make ⑨it to Antarctica.
①⑧句中的it指代前面提到的Antarctica。
②句中的it指代天气。
③④句中的it作形式主语。
⑤句中的it用于强调句型。
⑥⑦句中的it作形式宾语。
⑨句中的it用在固定搭配中，make it表示“成功，抵达”。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
代词it可以用来代替名词、短语、从句或句子，以避免它们在句中的重复，也可在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，以及用于强调句型和其他固定句式中等。
一、it用作代词
1．it用作人称代词
(1)it指代上文提到的事物，以避免重复。
Xi'an is a beautiful city, isn't it
西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？
(2)可以指动物、未知性别的婴儿或孩子或不明身份的人。
—Is this your dog
—No, it isn't.
——这是你的狗吗？
——不，它不是。
Her newly-born baby is tiny; it only weighs 2 kilos.
她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重。
—Who is it knocking at the door
—It might be the postman.
——谁在敲门？
——可能是邮递员。
2．it用作非人称代词
可以表示天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境情况等。
It is a lovely day, isn't it
天气真不错，不是吗？
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
她回来时已近午夜。
It is half an hour's walk to the city centre from my home.
从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。
It was very quiet in the café.
咖啡馆里非常安静。
[易混辨析]
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that(those) 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones
one(ones) 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Not only a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich content can also spark my passion for English.
它不仅为我提供了一个开阔视野的平台，而且它丰富的内容也能激发我对英语的热情。
does it supply me with
②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)You cannot imagine_________________
!
你无法想象这是多么有意义和有趣！
③—What time is it by your watch
—__________
——你的表几点了？
——9点39。
how meaningful
and interesting it was
It is 9：39.
④ in the woods.
小树林里真安静。
⑤The baby cried .
这个婴儿饿了就哭。
It is really quiet
when it was hungry
(2)选词填空(that/one/it/those)
⑥He has a car but he wants to sell .
⑦I saw many new toys in the store, so I asked my father to buy for me.
⑧The weather in Shanghai is warmer than in Harbin in winter.
⑨The students who do best in the exam are not always with the best brains.
it
one
that
those
二、it作形式主语和形式宾语
it用作形式主语或形式宾语时，常代替动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing(短语)或名词性从句。
1．it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.(＋for/of sb.)＋不定式
②It＋be＋adj.＋主语从句
③It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder ...)＋主语从句
④It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句
⑤It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...)＋that从句
⑥It is no good/use/useless doing sth.
⑦It's (well) worth doing ...
⑧It takes (sb.) some time/some money to do sth.
It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(青少年)无证驾驶是违法的。
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
你帮我解决问题，真是太好了。
It is no good reading without understanding.
阅读而不理解没有益处。
It is clear that the ability to smile is inborn.
显然，笑的能力是与生俱来的。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
据说他已经来北京了。
It is no wonder that he has made so much progress in his spoken English.
难怪他的英语口语进步这么大。
2．it作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb. to do/that从句
②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋useless/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money, energy) ...＋doing ...
③动词＋it＋介词短语＋that ...，如：
owe it to sb. that ... 把……归功于……
take it for granted that ... 想当然/认为……是理所当然的
keep it in mind that ... 记住……
④it用在一些表示好恶的动词(enjoy、 like、 love、 dislike、 hate、 appreciate、 see to等)后作形式宾语，宾语从句紧跟在it之后。
I don't feel it difficult to understand English.
我觉得理解英语并不难。
We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人。
I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.
我认为你去参加这个会议很重要。
I'd appreciate it if you can give me some useful advice on how to make friends easily.
如果你能给我一些关于如何轻松交朋友的有用建议，我将不胜感激。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①I if you could help me.
如果你能帮助我，我会很感激的。
②I if you say such things in public.
我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。
would appreciate it
hate it
③As far as I'm concerned, with him; he won't change his mind.
就我而言，和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变主意的。
④New technologies turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
新技术使得以更低的成本更快地生产出新产品成为可能。
it is no use arguing
make it possible to
⑤ (2022·全国乙卷书面表达) students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也有必要加强引导。
⑥I you don't agree with me.
我的理解是：你不同意我的见解。
It is urgent for
it is also necessary for
take it that
⑦Please you bring enough money when you go out.
当你出门时请务必带够钱。
⑧ all of them have gone to the cinema.
据说他们都去看电影了。
see to it that
It is said that
三、it用于强调句型及其他固定句式中
常见结构如下：
(1)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分，表示“那正是……才……”。
(2)It＋be＋时间段＋since引导的状语从句，表示“自……以来已多久了”。
(3)It＋be＋时间段＋before引导的状语从句，表示“过多久才……”。
(4)It＋be＋时间点＋when引导的状语从句，表示“到……已经几点了”。
(5)It＋be＋time＋that引导的从句，表示“是做……的时候了”。
(6)It＋be＋the first/second/third ...time＋that sb. ...，表示“这是某人第……次做某事”。
It was in the museum that I first saw this ancient vase.
我是在博物馆里第一次见到这个古董花瓶。
It won't be long before I return home.
用不了多久我就会回家。
It is the first time that I have climbed such a high mountain.
这是我第一次爬这么高的山。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
① was because his father was ill that he didn't attend the class.
②It has been 5 years I left Beijing.
③ was half an hour before the ambulance arrived.
④It is on the farm where we worked together we got to know each other.
It
since
It
that
⑤It will be many years the situation improves.
⑥(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Since an experienced music teacher helped me with some vocal training, I mastered the correct pronunciation skills.
由于一位经验丰富的音乐老师帮助我进行了一些声乐训练，没过多久我就掌握了正确的发音技巧。
before
it wasn't long before
⑦(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)All in all, we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans.
总而言之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
⑧ these children have visited the Great Wall.
这些孩子们是第一次游览长城。
it is high time that
It is the first time (that)
根据所给汉语提示补全短文
① (昨天是星期天). I stayed at home with my parents.② (天气晴朗) outside and I decided to go out with them.③___________________________________________
(众所周知，伦敦有很多旅游景点)．
It was Sunday yesterday
It was sunny
It is well known that there are many tourist
attractions in London
First, we visited the London Tower, which stands on the southeast of Tower Mountain.④ (它曾经是一座宫殿), and ⑤_________________________ (它现在是展览中心)．Then, we watched the famous “Big Ben”．⑥ (它重达12吨) and its big pendulum (钟摆) is about 305 kilograms.⑦______________________
(是在Hyde Park我们遇到了Mike), a friend of my father's.He changed so much that my father ⑧______________________
(发现很难认出他) at first sight.They talked a lot.At 2：00 p．m., we went home happily.
It was once a palace
it is now an exhibition center
It weighs about 12 tons
It was in Hyde Park that
we met Mike
found it hard to recognize
him
课时检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is a photo on the wall. is the photo of Lei Feng.
2．Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work hard, but __didn't help.
3．The doctor thought better for you to have a holiday than to keep on working.
It
it
it
4．He is very stubborn.So it is no use (give) him some advice.
5．I don't think it difficult (understand) English.
giving
to understand
Ⅱ.句型转换(用it作形式主语或形式宾语)
1．We all know that the earth travels around the sun.
→ the earth travels around the sun.
2．I think reading in bed is no good, which does great harm to your eyes.
→I , which does great harm to your eyes.
It is known to us all that
think it no good reading in bed
3．Whether they'll go there by plane or taking a train hasn't been decided.
→ whether they'll go there by plane or taking a train.
4．Since you have spilt your milk，crying over it is useless.
→ over spilt milk.
It hasn't been decided
It's useless/no use crying
5．If you want to accomplish the task in a short time，it will be difficult.
→ in a short time.
It will be difficult for you to accomplish the task
Ⅲ.完成句子
1． you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。
2．People one of the most beautiful villages of China.
人们把它称为中国最美的乡村之一。
I'd appreciate it if
refer to it as
3． so much work in such a short time.
在这么短的时间里很难完成这么多工作。
4．I can't imagine if there were no water in the world.
我无法想象，如果世界上没有了水会怎么样。
It is hard to finish
what it would be like
5． that makes a great difference to your life tomorrow.
是你做的事情而不是你现在说的话对你今后的生活有重大影响。
It is not what you say now but what you do
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is unusual for what it contains: the news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the comments and special features (特写) as well, from editorial page to feature articles, from interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre, and music.
A newspaper is even more unusual for the way one reads it never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality, that is, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But this immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it also mean that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than temporary value.
For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and order, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you change and apply the techniques of reading.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。不同读者对报纸有着不同的需求，文章讲述了什么样的报纸才是优秀的报纸。
√
1．What does the underlined word “topicality” in the third paragraph mean
A．Wide coverage.
B．Speed in reporting news.
C．Various style.
D．Popularity among readers.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后文“that is, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now”可知，画线词是指直接联系你的世界和周边正在发生的事情，故“topicality”指“快速报道新闻”。
2．A good newspaper offers “a variety” to readers because .
A．readers like to read different newspapers
B．it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C．readers are difficult to please
D．it tries to serve different readers
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，一份好报纸提供各种不同的内容是为了吸引不同的读者。
√
3．According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the same newspaper is that .
A．people are interested in the same kind of news
B．different people prefer different newspapers
C．people scan for the news they are interested in
D．people have different views about what a good newspaper is
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“no two people really read the same paper ... his own selection and order, his own newspaper”可知，每个人在看报纸的时候都会按照自己的顺序跳跃着找自己感兴趣的部分，所以在一定程度上没有两个人会看同样的报纸。
4．What can be the best title for this passage
A．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
B．The Importance of a Good Newspaper
C．Good Newspapers and Bad Newspapers
D．Some Advice on How to Read a Newspaper
解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，整篇文章是在说明一份好报纸应该具备什么样的特点。故A项适合作本文标题。
√
Ⅴ.语法填空
When a person is “phubbing” (低头玩手机), he/she is using his/her phone to surf the Internet, check messages, play games and so on, instead of focusing on the conversation or 1 (enjoy) the time with the people he/she is with.Nowadays, phubbing has become 2 common social problem.
Most people would agree that 3 is rude to have your attention 4 (constant) focused on your phone when you're spending time with another person.And there's even scientific evidence 5 phubbing can damage your relationships with others.Studies have found that phubbing can make people feel ostracized (受到排斥的) and that those who “phub” 6 (regard) as less polite and attentive.
Science has shown that phubbing is not good for us, but why do we do it It might be because we are feeling bored, 7 (anxiety) or nervous.Or it might be because we are addicted 8 checking our phones, especially social media.Whatever the reason may be, phubbing is bad for our relationships with others and can make us miss out on those real 9 (moment) with the people around us.So the next time you're spending time with a friend or a family member, try and keep your phone out of sight 10 (show) respect.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了低头玩手机已经成为一个普遍的社会问题，指出了低头玩手机的危害以及原因。
1．enjoying 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填enjoying。
2．a 考查冠词。此处problem为泛指，且common以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3．it 考查it的用法。此处为“it＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型，it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。故填it。
4．constantly 考查副词。修饰动词focused应用副词，故填constantly。
5．that 考查连接词。空处说明evidence的内容，引导同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。
6．are regarded 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子可知，本句陈述事实，应用一般现在时；主语为those，谓语用复数，且主语与动词regard之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are regarded。
7．anxious 考查形容词。空处在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填anxious。
8．to 考查介词。短语be addicted to表示“沉迷于”。故填to。
9．moments 考查名词复数。moment为可数名词，根据上文“those”可知应用复数。故填moments。
10．to show 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，show在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to show。UNIT 6 课时检测(四) Focus on Language：代词it的用法
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is a photo on the wall.____________ is the photo of Lei Feng.
2．Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work hard, but ____________ didn't help.
3．The doctor thought ____________ better for you to have a holiday than to keep on working.
4．He is very stubborn.So it is no use ____________ (give) him some advice.
5．I don't think it difficult ____________ (understand) English.
Ⅱ.句型转换(用it作形式主语或形式宾语)
1．We all know that the earth travels around the sun.
→________________________ the earth travels around the sun.
2．I think reading in bed is no good, which does great harm to your eyes.
→I __________________________________， which does great harm to your eyes.
3．Whether they'll go there by plane or taking a train hasn't been decided.
→________________________________ whether they'll go there by plane or taking a train.
4．Since you have spilt your milk，crying over it is useless.
→________________________________ over spilt milk.
5．If you want to accomplish the task in a short time，it will be difficult.
→________________________________________ in a short time.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．______________________ you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。
2．People ____________________ one of the most beautiful villages of China.
人们把它称为中国最美的乡村之一。
3．____________________ so much work in such a short time.
在这么短的时间里很难完成这么多工作。
4．I can't imagine ____________________ if there were no water in the world.
我无法想象，如果世界上没有了水会怎么样。
5．______________________________________ that makes a great difference to your life tomorrow.
是你做的事情而不是你现在说的话对你今后的生活有重大影响。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is unusual for what it contains: the news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the comments and special features (特写) as well, from editorial page to feature articles, from interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre, and music.
A newspaper is even more unusual for the way one reads it never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality,_that is, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But this immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it also mean that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than temporary value.
For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and order, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self awareness as you change and apply the techniques of reading.
1．What does the underlined word “topicality” in the third paragraph mean
A．Wide coverage.
B．Speed in reporting news.
C．Various style.
D．Popularity among readers.
2．A good newspaper offers “a variety” to readers because __________ .
A．readers like to read different newspapers
B．it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C．readers are difficult to please
D．it tries to serve different readers
3．According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the same newspaper is that ________.
A．people are interested in the same kind of news
B．different people prefer different newspapers
C．people scan for the news they are interested in
D．people have different views about what a good newspaper is
4．What can be the best title for this passage
A．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
B．The Importance of a Good Newspaper
C．Good Newspapers and Bad Newspapers
D．Some Advice on How to Read a Newspaper
Ⅴ.语法填空
When a person is “phubbing” (低头玩手机), he/she is using his/her phone to surf the Internet, check messages, play games and so on, instead of focusing on the conversation or__1__ (enjoy) the time with the people he/she is with.Nowadays, phubbing has become __2__ common social problem.
Most people would agree that __3__ is rude to have your attention __4__ (constant) focused on your phone when you're spending time with another person.And there's even scientific evidence __5__ phubbing can damage your relationships with others.Studies have found that phubbing can make people feel ostracized (受到排斥的) and that those who “phub” __6__ (regard) as less polite and attentive.
Science has shown that phubbing is not good for us, but why do we do it It might be because we are feeling bored, __7__ (anxiety) or nervous.Or it might be because we are addicted __8__ checking our phones, especially social media.Whatever the reason may be, phubbing is bad for our relationships with others and can make us miss out on those real __9__ (moment) with the people around us.So the next time you're spending time with a friend or a family member, try and keep your phone out of sight __10__ (show) respect.
UNIT 6 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.1.It 2.it 3.it 4.giving 5.to understand
Ⅱ.1.It is known to us all that 2.think it no good reading in bed
3．It hasn't been decided 4.It's useless/no use crying
5．It will be difficult for you to accomplish the task
Ⅲ.1.I'd appreciate it if 2.refer to it as
3．It is hard to finish 4.what it would be like
5．It is not what you say now but what you do
Ⅳ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。不同读者对报纸有着不同的需求，文章讲述了什么样的报纸才是优秀的报纸。
1．选B 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后文“that is, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now”可知，画线词是指直接联系你的世界和周边正在发生的事情，故“topicality”指“快速报道新闻”。
2．选D 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，一份好报纸提供各种不同的内容是为了吸引不同的读者。
3．选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“no two people really read the same paper ... his own selection and order, his own newspaper”可知，每个人在看报纸的时候都会按照自己的顺序跳跃着找自己感兴趣的部分，所以在一定程度上没有两个人会看同样的报纸。
4．选A 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，整篇文章是在说明一份好报纸应该具备什么样的特点。故A项适合作本文标题。
Ⅴ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了低头玩手机已经成为一个普遍的社会问题，指出了低头玩手机的危害以及原因。
1．enjoying 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填enjoying。
2．a 考查冠词。此处problem为泛指，且common以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3．it 考查it的用法。此处为“it＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型，it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。故填it。
4．constantly 考查副词。修饰动词focused应用副词，故填constantly。
5．that 考查连接词。空处说明evidence的内容，引导同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。
6．are regarded 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子可知，本句陈述事实，应用一般现在时；主语为those，谓语用复数，且主语与动词regard之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are regarded。
7．anxious 考查形容词。空处在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填anxious。
8．to 考查介词。短语be addicted to表示“沉迷于”。故填to。
9．moments 考查名词复数。moment为可数名词，根据上文“those”可知应用复数。故填moments。
10．to show 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，show在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to show。
