Period 4 单元语法讲练
被动语态
一、基本知识
1．概念
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。
2．构成
被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。
3．用法
(1)讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)
My bike was stolen last night．
我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
(2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。
The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy．
这辆自行车被一个调皮的男孩撞倒了。
(3)为使句子更加合理、流畅。
The plan was supported by those who wished to live on campus．
这个计划得到了那些希望住在校内的人的支持。
(4)习惯用法的需要。
常见的这类词有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。
He was born in China in 2017．
他于2017年出生在中国。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①All the students __________ (inspire) by the inspiring speech yesterday．
②In the story，the stupid emperor____________ (cheat) by two cheats．
③One third of the country ____________ (cover) with trees．
二、形式
时态名称 被动语态形式
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
过去进行时 was/were＋being＋过去分词
现在完成时 have/has＋been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had＋been＋过去分词
The boy is often heard to play the piano．
人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)
She was seen to enter the hall．
有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时)
A new house will be built by us next year．
明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时)
The problem is being discussed at the meeting．
会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)
A meeting was being held when I got there．
当我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时)
All these flowers have been watered．
所有的这些花都已经浇水了。(现在完成时)
The building had been completed before I arrived．
在我到达之前，这座建筑就已完工了。(过去完成时)
He said the report would be finished by noon．
他说报告将在中午完成。(过去将来时)
[名师点津] 被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。
She got hurt on her way back home．
她在回家的路上受伤了。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①Both sites ________________ (visit) by over 10，000 people since last year．
②To their parents'surprise，the children ____________ (find) hidden in an old stone house at last．
三、被动语态的注意事项
1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词
(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove等，不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。
The food tastes delicious．
这种食物味道鲜美。
The cotton feels soft．
棉花摸上去很柔软。
(2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash，start等，习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。
The engine won't start．
发动机无法启动。
这类动词中有的不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。
This kind of cloth washes well．
这种布好洗。
(3)当need，want，require作谓语时，其后可用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，表示被动含义。
The plan required discussing．＝The plan required to be discussed．
这项计划需要讨论。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①This piece of meat ________ (cut) well．
②The garden doesn't need ________ (water) because it rained last night．
2．不用被动语态的几种情况
(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。
The price has risen．
价格上涨了。
The accident happened last week．
这场事故是上周发生的。
[名师点津] 要想正确地使用被动语态，就需要注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。要解决这一问题，唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，marry，own，wish，cost，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等。
This key just fits the lock．
这把钥匙只开这把锁。
Your story agrees with what he heard．
你的故事与他听到的一致。
短文语境填空(根据所学语法知识，在空白处填入适当的词)
This is the third time I 1．________ (be) here．All visitors to this town 2．________ (treat) with kindness．It took me a long time before I was able to 3．________ (full) appreciate what they 4．________ (do) for me．The town life 5．________ (change) greatly since 1992．People are recycling many things that they might have thrown away in the past．The Town Hall 6．________ (complete) in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time．Great changes 7．________ (take) place in the town and a lot of factories 8．________ (set) up．The church tower which 9．________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon．The work is almost 10．________ (finish)．
Period 4
单元语法
即时训练1 ①were inspired ②was cheated ③is covered
即时训练2 ①have been visited ②were found
即时训练3 ①cuts ②watering/to be watered
巩固落实
短文语境填空
1．have been 2．are treated 3．fully 4．had done 5．has changed 6．completed 7．have taken 8．have been set 9．is being restored 10．finished
4 / 4(共51张PPT)
复习任务群一
现代文阅读Ⅰ
把握共性之“新” 打通应考之“脉”
UNIT 3 主题语境 人与社会——传统节日
CELEBRATIONS
Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练
Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
被动语态
一、基本知识
1．概念
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。
2．构成
被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。
3．用法
(1)讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)
My bike was stolen last night．
我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
(2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。
The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy．
这辆自行车被一个调皮的男孩撞倒了。
(3)为使句子更加合理、流畅。
The plan was supported by those who wished to live on campus．
这个计划得到了那些希望住在校内的人的支持。
(4)习惯用法的需要。
常见的这类词有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。
He was born in China in 2017．
他于2017年出生在中国。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①All the students _______________ (inspire) by the inspiring speech yesterday．
②In the story，the stupid emperor ______________ (cheat) by two cheats．
③One third of the country ___________ (cover) with trees．
were inspired
was cheated
is covered
二、形式
时态名称 被动语态形式
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
时态名称 被动语态形式
过去进行时 was/were＋being＋过去分词
现在完成时 have/has＋been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had＋been＋过去分词
The boy is often heard to play the piano．
人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)
She was seen to enter the hall．
有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时)
A new house will be built by us next year．
明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时)
The problem is being discussed at the meeting．
会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)
A meeting was being held when I got there．
当我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时)
All these flowers have been watered．
所有的这些花都已经浇水了。(现在完成时)
The building had been completed before I arrived．
在我到达之前，这座建筑就已完工了。(过去完成时)
He said the report would be finished by noon．
他说报告将在中午完成。(过去将来时)
[名师点津] 被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。
She got hurt on her way back home．
她在回家的路上受伤了。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①Both sites __________________ (visit) by over 10，000 people since last year．
②To their parents'surprise，the children _____________ (find) hidden in an old stone house at last．
have been visited
were found
三、被动语态的注意事项
1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词
(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove等，不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。
The food tastes delicious．
这种食物味道鲜美。
The cotton feels soft．
棉花摸上去很柔软。
(2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash，start等，习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。
The engine won't start．
发动机无法启动。
这类动词中有的不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。
This kind of cloth washes well．
这种布好洗。
(3)当need，want，require作谓语时，其后可用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，表示被动含义。
The plan required discussing．＝The plan required to be discussed．
这项计划需要讨论。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①This piece of meat ______ (cut) well．
②The garden doesn't need _______________________ (water) because it rained last night．
cuts
watering/to be watered
2．不用被动语态的几种情况
(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。
The price has risen．
价格上涨了。
The accident happened last week．
这场事故是上周发生的。
[名师点津] 要想正确地使用被动语态，就需要注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。要解决这一问题，唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，marry，own，wish，cost，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等。
This key just fits the lock．
这把钥匙只开这把锁。
Your story agrees with what he heard．
你的故事与他听到的一致。
短文语境填空(根据所学语法知识，在空白处填入适当的词)
This is the third time I 1．___________ (be) here．All visitors to this town 2．___________ (treat) with kindness．It took me a long time before I was able to 3．______ (full) appreciate what they 4．________ (do) for me．The town life 5．_____________ (change) greatly since 1992．People are recycling many things that they might have thrown away in the past． The Town Hall 6．___________ (complete) in the
have been
are treated
fully
had done
has changed
completed
1800's was the most distinguished building at that time．Great changes 7．______________ (take) place in the town and a lot of factories 8．_______________ (set) up．The church tower which 9．________________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon．The work is almost 10．____________ (finish)．
have taken
have been set
is being restored
finished
课时提升作业(七) (UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1)
(总分：45分)
Ⅰ．单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．The atmosphere was lively _____________(在整个期间) the discussion．
2．He jumped for ______ (愉快) on being told the news．
3．Her strong local _________ (口音) betrayed her hometown．
throughout
joy
accent
4．The only _____________ (装饰物) are candles and a single mirror．
5．I got in touch with him _______________ (即刻) after I received the letter．
decorations
immediately
Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．They asked him what his plans were after ___________ (graduate)．
2．He has received many letters in ________________ (congratulate) of his birthday．
3．She picked a large bunch of flowers for ___________ (decorate)．
4．The exhibition hall is decorated with many ____________ (tradition) Chinese paintings．
5．It is one of the most __________ (origin) works of imagination in the language．
graduation
congratulation
decoration
traditional
original
Ⅲ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Some Strangest Festivals around the World
Through the years，people have found many ways to celebrate important occasions in their lives．If you're looking for an interesting and off-the-beaten-path tourist site，here are some most wonderful and unusual festivals from around the world．
Battle of the Orange，Ivrea，Italy
Each year in February，a battle takes place in this Italian town among thousands of tourists who throw oranges at each other during a 30-minute fight．The aim is to try and knock down other people by attacking them with oranges so that they cannot stand any longer．
Underwater Music Festival，Florida，America
Rather than being held at a typical concert hall，the Underwater Music Festival takes place on the seabed in July．Aiming to protect the
sea life，this unique custom features musicians playing music below water level．100 feet deep in clear water，talented musicians wear diving equipment，performing free concerts for sea creatures and humans alike．
Rayne Frog Festival，Louisiana，America
The Rayne Frog Festival is held every fall in Rayne，Louisiana．The festival features all things concerning frogs：frog races，frog jumping，and the selection of the Frog Derby Queen．Besides music performance，it also holds a variety of frog-themed runs，fairs and other activities．If you are into frogs，there's no other place you'd rather be in mid-November．
Night of the Radishes (萝卜)，Oaxaca，Mexico
Night of the Radishes is a celebration that takes place every December 23rd in Oaxaca，Mexico．It features all kinds of radish sculptures (雕塑)．The tradition began when local radish growers began carving their produce in order to attract customers．But radishes are just radishes after all，and the sculptures don't last．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上一些最奇怪的节日。
1．What can tourists do at the Italian festival？
A．Throw oranges at each other．
B．Play music below water level．
C．Watch frog races．
D．Enjoy radish sculptures．
√
A [细节理解题。根据Battle of the Orange，Ivrea，Italy部分中的“Each year in February，a battle takes place in this Italian town among thousands of tourists who throw oranges at each other during a 30-minute fight．(每年2月，在这个意大利小镇都会发生一场战斗，数千名游客在30分钟的战斗中互相投掷橙子。)”可知，在意大利的节日中游客可以相互投掷橙子。故选A。]
2．Who is most likely to be attracted to Underwater Music Festival？
A．A fruit grower fond of music．
B．A music lover caring about the sea life．
C．A sports fan who likes fun games．
D．An artist gifted in sculptures．
√
B [推理判断题。根据Underwater Music Festival，Florida，America部分中的“Aiming to protect the sea life，this unique custom features musicians playing music below water level．100 feet deep in clear water，talented musicians wear diving equipment，performing free concerts for sea creatures and humans alike．(为了保护海洋生物，这一独特的习俗以音乐家在水位以下演奏音乐为特色。在100英尺深的清澈水中，才华横溢的音乐家们穿着潜水设备，为海洋生物和人类表演免费音乐会。)”可知，为了保护海洋生物，该音乐节在100英尺深的水下进行。由此推知，一个关心海洋生物的音乐爱好者很有可能被Underwater Music Festival吸引。故选B。]
3．Which festival suits a tourist who expects a special Christmas holiday？
A．Battle of the Orange．
B．Underwater Music Festival．
C．Rayne Frog Festival．
D．Night of the Radishes．
√
D [细节理解题。根据Night of the Radishes，Oaxaca，Mexico部分中的“Night of the Radishes is a celebration that takes place every December 23rd in Oaxaca，Mexico．It features all kinds of radish sculptures．(萝卜之夜是每年12月23日在墨西哥的瓦哈卡州举行的庆祝活动。它以各种萝卜雕塑为特色。)”可知，Night of the Radishes在每年12月23日，而圣诞节在每年12月25日，所以Night of the Radishes这个节日适合期待一个特别的圣诞假期的游客。故选D。]
B
Do you know that every fourteen days one of the world's 7，000 languages dies out？Throughout human history,languages have died out because of natural disasters,war or genocide (种族灭绝),but nowadays the major factor is globalization．This is happening all over the world．In the Amazon rainforest,for example,native people are learning Portuguese to move to the big cities in Brazil to find work．In South Africa,young people are choosing to use English instead of traditional languages to study in higher education．
About 60% of the world's population speak one of the twenty most common languages,and the number of speakers of world languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese is increasing rapidly．Would we really miss most small languages if they died out completely？The answer has got to be“yes”！
When a language disappears,we lose the culture and history of a people．We also lose the knowledge of the people who speak the language．In a famous case in northern Australia,doctors couldn't find a
cure (疗法) for a skin problem that the local people developed．When they asked a native woman,she used her own language to describe a plant which could cure the disease．There are many other examples of why disappearing languages are important．Speakers of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia have got a wide vocabulary of medicinal plants in their part of the rainforest which doctors in the modern world have never heard of,and speakers of the Yupik language of Alaska have got ninety-nine words for ice,which shows that they've got a unique understanding of their world．Our planet would lose that understanding if these languages disappeared．
But we don't have to lose as many languages as some people think．Using modern technology can save small languages,and we mustn't lose the culture,history and knowledge that these languages contain．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了正在消失的语言，以及这些语言的消失给人类带来的影响，并提出了保护这些语言的建议。
4．What is the main reason for the disappearance of language nowadays？
A．Natural disasters．
B．Continuous wars．
C．Extinction of a race．
D．The process of globalization．
√
D [细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Throughout human history...but nowadays the major factor is globalization．”可知，当下语言消失的主要原因是全球化。]
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．A loss of understanding small languages．
B．The importance of disappearing languages．
C．A description of a plant to cure a skin disease．
D．The knowledge of the culture and history of a race．
B [段落大意题。根据文章第三段中的“There are many other examples of why disappearing languages are important．”可知，本段主要举例说明为什么消失的语言很重要，故选B。]
√
6．What is the author's attitude to saving disappearing languages？
A．Worried． B．Unconcerned．
C．Positive． D．Doubtful．
√
C [观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“Using modern technology can save small languages...that these languages contain．”可推知，作者认为我们不能失去语言所包含的文化、历史和知识，因此作者对于拯救消失的语言是支持的，态度是积极肯定的。]
7．What is the text mainly about？
A．Disappearing languages．
B．Increasing natural disasters．
C．Leading languages of the world．
D．Working people's language choice．
√
A [主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Do you know that every fourteen days one of the world's 7，000 languages dies out？”可知，文章主要讲述了正在消失的语言，以及这些语言的消失给人类带来的影响，并提出了保护这些语言的建议。由此可知，A项“正在消失的语言”最能概括文章内容。]
Ⅳ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Thanksgiving Day has been alive for hundreds of years．The customs we see in our homes today remind us of ancient celebrations of harvest，thankfulness for peace，and the hard work of native Americans．It is made up of stories of those who believe that gratitude for blessings is what people must own． 1 Have you wanted to make special gifts？
Custom of Praying．
For centuries，Thanksgiving Day has been associated with prayers in churches and in homes． 2 It is a time，when mankind thanks God for his blessing and mercy．It is also a day to show gratitude to their friends and relatives for all the good deeds．
3 .
Everyone follows the custom of family dinner and reunion every year．Distances don't really matter as relatives can drive to be with their family．Feasts are usually held at home．It is a time for the family to enjoy their favorite turkey．
Custom of Decoration．
4 People beautify their homes，give the interior a whole new look and feel．They light lamps to brighten the environment．Tables are adorned with the best china and antique silver cutlery to mark the occasion．
Custom of Sending Messages．
Thanksgiving is a day when people send loving messages and warm wishes to their relatives，colleagues at the workplace，superiors and subordinates，near and dear ones． 5 .
A．People present gifts to friends．
B．Custom of Family Dinner．
C．People like to get together and have turkey．
D．People offer various mealtimes to prayers during the day．
E．Like Christmas，millions of cards are sent every year．
F．Thanksgiving is a time to decorate homes with wreaths，fresh and dried flowers．
G．It is a day of expressing their feelings through Thanksgiving cards．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了感恩节的一些风俗习惯。
1．A [根据下句“你想制作特别的礼物吗？”可知，设空处的意思应该是“人们(在感恩节)赠送礼物给朋友。”故选A。]
2．D [根据上句“几个世纪以来，感恩节与在教堂和家里的祈祷有关。”和下句“它是一个人类感谢上帝带来祝福和仁慈的时候。”可知，此处要表达的意思是“人们会在那天不同的进餐时间进行祈祷。”。故选D。]
3．B [此空是小标题。根据下文“每个人每年都遵循家庭聚餐和团圆的习俗。距离并不重要，因为亲属们可以开车去跟他们的家人团聚。”可知，此处指的是家宴习俗。故选B。]
4．F [本段小标题是“装饰习俗”，设空处是段落首句。根据下文“人们美化他们的住所，给内部一个全新的外观和感觉。他们点灯照亮环境。桌子也摆有最好的瓷器和古老的银餐具以示庆祝。”可知，感恩节是一个用花环、鲜花和干花装饰房间的时刻。故选F。]
5．G [根据上句“感恩节是一个人们向亲属、工作场所的同事、上下级以及亲密的人传递爱的信息和温馨祝福的日子。”可知，这一天他们通过赠送感恩节贺卡来表达自己的情感。故选G。]
谢 谢！课时提升作业(七)
(UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1)
(总分：45分)
Ⅰ．单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．The atmosphere was lively ________(在整个期间) the discussion．
2．He jumped for ________ (愉快) on being told the news．
3．Her strong local ________ (口音) betrayed her hometown．
4．The only ________ (装饰物) are candles and a single mirror．
5．I got in touch with him ________ (即刻) after I received the letter．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．They asked him what his plans were after ________ (graduate)．
2．He has received many letters in ________ (congratulate) of his birthday．
3．She picked a large bunch of flowers for ________ (decorate)．
4．The exhibition hall is decorated with many ________ (tradition) Chinese paintings．
5．It is one of the most ________ (origin) works of imagination in the language．
Ⅲ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Some Strangest Festivals around the World
Through the years，people have found many ways to celebrate important occasions in their lives．If you're looking for an interesting and off-the-beaten-path tourist site，here are some most wonderful and unusual festivals from around the world．
Battle of the Orange，Ivrea，Italy
Each year in February，a battle takes place in this Italian town among thousands of tourists who throw oranges at each other during a 30-minute fight．The aim is to try and knock down other people by attacking them with oranges so that they cannot stand any longer．
Underwater Music Festival，Florida，America
Rather than being held at a typical concert hall，the Underwater Music Festival takes place on the seabed in July．Aiming to protect the sea life，this unique custom features musicians playing music below water level．100 feet deep in clear water，talented musicians wear diving equipment，performing free concerts for sea creatures and humans alike．
Rayne Frog Festival，Louisiana，America
The Rayne Frog Festival is held every fall in Rayne，Louisiana．The festival features all things concerning frogs：frog races，frog jumping，and the selection of the Frog Derby Queen．Besides music performance，it also holds a variety of frog-themed runs，fairs and other activities．If you are into frogs，there's no other place you'd rather be in mid-November．
Night of the Radishes (萝卜)，Oaxaca，Mexico
Night of the Radishes is a celebration that takes place every December 23rd in Oaxaca，Mexico．It features all kinds of radish sculptures (雕塑)．The tradition began when local radish growers began carving their produce in order to attract customers．But radishes are just radishes after all，and the sculptures don't last．
1．What can tourists do at the Italian festival
A．Throw oranges at each other．
B．Play music below water level．
C．Watch frog races．
D．Enjoy radish sculptures．
2．Who is most likely to be attracted to Underwater Music Festival
A．A fruit grower fond of music．
B．A music lover caring about the sea life．
C．A sports fan who likes fun games．
D．An artist gifted in sculptures．
3．Which festival suits a tourist who expects a special Christmas holiday
A．Battle of the Orange．
B．Underwater Music Festival．
C．Rayne Frog Festival．
D．Night of the Radishes．
B
Do you know that every fourteen days one of the world's 7，000 languages dies out Throughout human history，languages have died out because of natural disasters，war or genocide (种族灭绝)，but nowadays the major factor is globalization．This is happening all over the world．In the Amazon rainforest，for example，native people are learning Portuguese to move to the big cities in Brazil to find work．In South Africa，young people are choosing to use English instead of traditional languages to study in higher education．
About 60% of the world's population speak one of the twenty most common languages，and the number of speakers of world languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese is increasing rapidly．Would we really miss most small languages if they died out completely The answer has got to be“yes”！
When a language disappears，we lose the culture and history of a people．We also lose the knowledge of the people who speak the language．In a famous case in northern Australia，doctors couldn't find a cure (疗法) for a skin problem that the local people developed．When they asked a native woman，she used her own language to describe a plant which could cure the disease．There are many other examples of why disappearing languages are important．Speakers of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia have got a wide vocabulary of medicinal plants in their part of the rainforest which doctors in the modern world have never heard of，and speakers of the Yupik language of Alaska have got ninety-nine words for ice，which shows that they've got a unique understanding of their world．Our planet would lose that understanding if these languages disappeared．
But we don't have to lose as many languages as some people think．Using modern technology can save small languages，and we mustn't lose the culture，history and knowledge that these languages contain．
4．What is the main reason for the disappearance of language nowadays
A．Natural disasters．
B．Continuous wars．
C．Extinction of a race．
D．The process of globalization．
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．A loss of understanding small languages．
B．The importance of disappearing languages．
C．A description of a plant to cure a skin disease．
D．The knowledge of the culture and history of a race．
6．What is the author's attitude to saving disappearing languages
A．Worried． B．Unconcerned．
C．Positive． D．Doubtful．
7．What is the text mainly about
A．Disappearing languages．
B．Increasing natural disasters．
C．Leading languages of the world．
D．Working people's language choice．
Ⅳ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Thanksgiving Day has been alive for hundreds of years．The customs we see in our homes today remind us of ancient celebrations of harvest，thankfulness for peace，and the hard work of native Americans．It is made up of stories of those who believe that gratitude for blessings is what people must own． 1 Have you wanted to make special gifts
Custom of Praying．
For centuries，Thanksgiving Day has been associated with prayers in churches and in homes． 2 It is a time，when mankind thanks God for his blessing and mercy．It is also a day to show gratitude to their friends and relatives for all the good deeds．
3
Everyone follows the custom of family dinner and reunion every year．Distances don't really matter as relatives can drive to be with their family．Feasts are usually held at home．It is a time for the family to enjoy their favorite turkey．
Custom of Decoration．
4 People beautify their homes，give the interior a whole new look and feel．They light lamps to brighten the environment．Tables are adorned with the best china and antique silver cutlery to mark the occasion．
Custom of Sending Messages．
Thanksgiving is a day when people send loving messages and warm wishes to their relatives，colleagues at the workplace，superiors and subordinates，near and dear ones． 5
A．People present gifts to friends．
B．Custom of Family Dinner．
C．People like to get together and have turkey．
D．People offer various mealtimes to prayers during the day．
E．Like Christmas，millions of cards are sent every year．
F．Thanksgiving is a time to decorate homes with wreaths，fresh and dried flowers．
G．It is a day of expressing their feelings through Thanksgiving cards．
课时提升作业(七)
Ⅰ．1．throughout 2．joy 3．accent 4．decorations 5．immediately
Ⅱ．1．graduation 2．congratulation 3．decoration 4．traditional 5．original
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A B D D B C A
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
A D B F G
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上一些最奇怪的节日。
1．A [细节理解题。根据Battle of the Orange，Ivrea，Italy部分中的“Each year in February，a battle takes place in this Italian town among thousands of tourists who throw oranges at each other during a 30-minute fight．(每年2月，在这个意大利小镇都会发生一场战斗，数千名游客在30分钟的战斗中互相投掷橙子。)”可知，在意大利的节日中游客可以相互投掷橙子。故选A。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据Underwater Music Festival，Florida，America部分中的“Aiming to protect the sea life，this unique custom features musicians playing music below water level．100 feet deep in clear water，talented musicians wear diving equipment，performing free concerts for sea creatures and humans alike．(为了保护海洋生物，这一独特的习俗以音乐家在水位以下演奏音乐为特色。在100英尺深的清澈水中，才华横溢的音乐家们穿着潜水设备，为海洋生物和人类表演免费音乐会。)”可知，为了保护海洋生物，该音乐节在100英尺深的水下进行。由此推知，一个关心海洋生物的音乐爱好者很有可能被Underwater Music Festival吸引。故选B。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据Night of the Radishes，Oaxaca，Mexico部分中的“Night of the Radishes is a celebration that takes place every December 23rd in Oaxaca，Mexico．It features all kinds of radish sculptures．(萝卜之夜是每年12月23日在墨西哥的瓦哈卡州举行的庆祝活动。它以各种萝卜雕塑为特色。)”可知，Night of the Radishes在每年12月23日，而圣诞节在每年12月25日，所以Night of the Radishes这个节日适合期待一个特别的圣诞假期的游客。故选D。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了正在消失的语言，以及这些语言的消失给人类带来的影响，并提出了保护这些语言的建议。
4．D [细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Throughout human history...but nowadays the major factor is globalization．”可知，当下语言消失的主要原因是全球化。]
5．B [段落大意题。根据文章第三段中的“There are many other examples of why disappearing languages are important．”可知，本段主要举例说明为什么消失的语言很重要，故选B。]
6．C [观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“Using modern technology can save small languages...that these languages contain．”可推知，作者认为我们不能失去语言所包含的文化、历史和知识，因此作者对于拯救消失的语言是支持的，态度是积极肯定的。]
7．A [主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Do you know that every fourteen days one of the world's 7，000 languages dies out？”可知，文章主要讲述了正在消失的语言，以及这些语言的消失给人类带来的影响，并提出了保护这些语言的建议。由此可知，A项“正在消失的语言”最能概括文章内容。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了感恩节的一些风俗习惯。
1．A [根据下句“你想制作特别的礼物吗？”可知，设空处的意思应该是“人们(在感恩节)赠送礼物给朋友。”故选A。]
2．D [根据上句“几个世纪以来，感恩节与在教堂和家里的祈祷有关。”和下句“它是一个人类感谢上帝带来祝福和仁慈的时候。”可知，此处要表达的意思是“人们会在那天不同的进餐时间进行祈祷。”。故选D。]
3．B [此空是小标题。根据下文“每个人每年都遵循家庭聚餐和团圆的习俗。距离并不重要，因为亲属们可以开车去跟他们的家人团聚。”可知，此处指的是家宴习俗。故选B。]
4．F [本段小标题是“装饰习俗”，设空处是段落首句。根据下文“人们美化他们的住所，给内部一个全新的外观和感觉。他们点灯照亮环境。桌子也摆有最好的瓷器和古老的银餐具以示庆祝。”可知，感恩节是一个用花环、鲜花和干花装饰房间的时刻。故选F。]
5．G [根据上句“感恩节是一个人们向亲属、工作场所的同事、上下级以及亲密的人传递爱的信息和温馨祝福的日子。”可知，这一天他们通过赠送感恩节贺卡来表达自己的情感。故选G。]
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