仁爱版(2024)八年级上册 Unit 6 Earth and Its Neighbors 2025年单元测试卷(含解析)

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名称 仁爱版(2024)八年级上册 Unit 6 Earth and Its Neighbors 2025年单元测试卷(含解析)
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仁爱版(2024)八年级上册《Unit 6 Earth and Its Neighbors》2025年单元测试卷(1)
一、单选题:本大题共15小题,共15分。
1.The Earth is a special planet in the because it has life.(  )
A. solar system B. moon C. star D. universe
2.The sun is at the of the solar system.(  )
A. center B. middle C. side D. top
3.We should use resources like wind and solar energy to protect the Earth.(  )
A. natural B. renewable C. useful D. clean
4.It's our duty to the environment of the Earth.(  )
A. keep B. protect C. save D. make
5.The on the moon is much weaker than that on the Earth.(  )
A. air B. gravity C. water D. light
6.Scientists are trying to more about other planets.(  )
A. see B. watch C. learn D. look
7.Many animals are in danger because of the change.(  )
A. weather B. climate C. air D. temperature
8.We should waste to save resources.(  )
A. increase B. reduce C. make D. have
9.The is made up of the sun,planets and other objects.(  )
A. Earth B. solar system C. moon D. star
10. plastic bags can help protect the environment.(  )
A. Using B. Use C. To use D. Used
11.The astronauts landed on the in 1969.(  )
A. Earth B. sun C. moon D. Mars
12.The Earth is one of the in the solar system.(  )
A. stars B. planets C. satellites D. moons
13.Learning about the Earth and its neighbors can our interest in science.(  )
A. excite B. make C. have D. take
14.The government is taking actions to deal with the problem of pollution.(  )
A. air B. land
C. water D. all of the above
15.We can use to observe the stars in the sky.(  )
A. glasses B. telescopes C. cameras D. microscopes
二、完形填空:本大题共10小题,共10分。
The Earth is our home.It is a beautiful(16) in the solar system.But now,the Earth is in(17).There are many problems,such as pollution and climate change.
Pollution makes the air(18) and the water dirty.It is bad for our health.Climate change(19) the weather to be abnormal.It causes floods,droughts and other disasters.
We should do something to(20) the Earth.We can start from small things,like(21) waste,saving water and electricity.We should also plant more(22) to make the air cleaner.
Let's work together to make the Earth a better(23) to live.We should(24) more people to protect the Earth.Only in this way can we(25) a bright future for ourselves and for the Earth.
16.A. moon B. planet C. star D. sun
17.A. danger B. trouble C. problem D. question
18.A. clean B. fresh C. dirty D. clear
19.A. makes B. lets C. has D. gets
20.A. save B. keep C. protect D. make
21.A. increasing B. reducing C. making D. having
22.A. animals B. flowers C. grass D. trees
23.A. place B. space C. room D. land
24.A. ask B. tell C. encourage D. make
25.A. create B. have C. get D. find
三、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共30分。
A
The solar system is made up of the sun,eight planets and many other objects.The sun is at the center of the solar system.It gives heat and light to the planets.
The eight planets are Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus and Neptune.Each planet has its own characteristics.For example,the Earth is the only planet with life.Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
Scientists are always exploring the solar system to learn more about it.They use telescopes and spaceships to observe and study the planets and other objects.
26.What is the solar system made up of? ______
A. The sun only.
B. The sun and eight planets.
C. The sun,eight planets and many other objects.
D. Only planets.
27.Where is the sun? ______
A. At the side of the solar system. B. At the top of the solar system.
C. At the bottom of the solar system. D. At the center of the solar system.
28.Which planet has life? ______
A. Mercury. B. Venus. C. The Earth. D. Mars.
29.What do scientists use to explore the solar system? ______
A. Only telescopes. B. Only spaceships.
C. Telescopes and spaceships. D. Microscopes.
30.Which is the largest planet in the solar system? ______
A. Jupiter. B. Saturn. C. Uranus. D. Neptune.
B
The moon is the Earth's only natural satellite.It is about 384,400 kilometers away from the Earth.
The moon has no air or water.The surface of the moon is full of craters.These craters were formed by the impact of asteroids.
Humans have landed on the moon several times.The first moon landing was in 1969.Astronauts brought back rocks and soil from the moon,which helped scientists learn more about the moon.
31.What is the moon? ______
A. A planet.
B. A star.
C. The Earth's only natural satellite.
D. A spaceship.
32.How far is the moon from the Earth? ______
A. About 384,400 meters. B. About 384,400 kilometers.
C. About 38,440 kilometers. D. About 3,844 kilometers.
33.What is the surface of the moon like? ______
A. It is full of air. B. It is full of water.
C. It is full of craters. D. It is flat.
34.When was the first moon landing? ______
A. In 1968. B. In 1969. C. In 1970. D. In 1971.
35.What did astronauts bring back from the moon? ______
A. Only rocks. B. Only soil. C. Rocks and soil. D. Air and water.
C
Protecting the Earth is very important.We should take actions to reduce pollution.
Firstly,we can use public transportation instead of driving cars.This can reduce air pollution.Secondly,we should save water.For example,we can turn off the tap when we brush our teeth.Thirdly,we should recycle waste.We can separate waste into different kinds and send them for recycling.
If we all do these small things,we can make a big difference to the Earth.
36.Why is protecting the Earth important? ______
A. Because the Earth is very big. B. Because the Earth is our home.
C. Because the Earth is far away. D. Because the Earth is beautiful.
37.How can we reduce air pollution? ______
A. By driving cars more. B. By using public transportation.
C. By staying at home. D. By using more electricity.
38.What should we do to save water? ______
A. Turn on the tap all the time.
B. Take a bath for a long time.
C. Turn off the tap when we brush our teeth.
D. Use more water to wash clothes.
39.What does "recycle" mean in the passage? ______
A. 扔掉 B. 购买 C. 回收利用 D. 制造
40.What's the main idea of the passage? ______
A. The ways to protect the Earth. B. The problems of the Earth.
C. The importance of the Earth. D. The beauty of the Earth.
四、选词填空-短文:本大题共1小题,共10分。
41.
planet,protect,solar,pollution,climate,resource,universe,save,environment,action
The Earth is a beautiful(1)______ in the(2)______ system.It is our home.But now,the Earth is facing many problems,such as(3)______ and(4)______ change.
Pollution makes the(5)______ worse.We should take(6)______ to reduce it.We can start by using less plastic and(7)______ water.
Climate change is also a big problem.It is caused by the waste of(8)______ and the increase of greenhouse gases.We should try to(9)______ the Earth by using renewable energy.
The(10)______ is very large,and the Earth is just a small part of it.But it's our responsibility to protect our home - the Earth.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、单词拼写-单句:本大题共5小题,共5分。
42.The s ______ system is very large and mysterious.
43.We should p ______ the animals and plants on the Earth.
44.The u ______ includes everything in space.
45.We need to find new ways to use natural r ______.
46.The c ______ on the Earth is changing,and we should do something to stop it.
六、单句语法填空:本大题共5小题,共5分。
47.It's important for us ______( save) every drop of water.
48.We can reduce waste by ______( reuse) things.
49.______( protect) the environment is very important.
50.The sun ______( give) us light and heat.
51.Let's ______( plant) more trees to make the air fresh.
七、句型转换:本大题共5小题,共10分。
52.We should protect the Earth because it's our home.(对划线部分提问)
____________ we protect the Earth?
53.The Earth is the only planet with life.(改为一般疑问句)
______ the Earth the only planet with life?
54.We can use less plastic to protect the environment.(改为同义句)
We can protect the environment ______ using less plastic.
55.They are exploring the universe.(改为否定句)
They ____________ the universe.
56.The moon is very far from the Earth.(改为感叹句)
____________ the moon is from the Earth!
八、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共15分。
57.以"Protecting the Earth and Its Neighbors"为题,写一篇短文,内容需包含:
1地球和它邻居(如月球、行星等)的重要性;
2它们面临的问题(如资源浪费、气候变化等);
3我们可以采取的保护措施。
要求:语句通顺,不少于80词,可适当发挥。
.
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】A.太阳系;B.月球,只是地球的卫星,范围过小;C.恒星,指发光天体(如太阳);D.宇宙,虽然包含地球,但范围过于宏大,通常不会用"特殊"来形容宇宙中的单一行星。根据The Earth is a special planet in the...because it has life.(地球是太阳系中一颗特殊的行星,因为它有生命。)及天文常识,地球属于太阳系且正是在太阳系的八大行星中,唯有地球已知存在生命。因此只有A选项符合语境,其他选项不符合语境。
故选:A。
2.【答案】A
【解析】A中心;B中间;C边,侧;D顶部。根据常识,可知太阳位于太阳系的中心。
故选:A。
3.【答案】B
【解析】natural自然的;renewable可再生的;useful有用的;clean干净的。根据"resources like wind and solar energy"(风能和太阳能等资源)结合产生可知,风能和太阳能属于可再生资源,句中强调使用这类资源来保护地球,renewable"可再生的"符合语境。
故选:B。
4.【答案】B
【解析】keep保持;protect 保护;save拯救;make制作。根据"It's our duty to .......the environment of the Earth."(这是我们的责任.......地球的环境)可知,此处表达 "保护地球环境是我们的责任","protect the environment" 是固定搭配,意为 "保护环境",符合句子语境。
故选:B。
5.【答案】B
【解析】A空气;B重力;C水;D光。根据on the moon is much weaker than that on the Earth(月球上的.......比地球上弱得多)和常识,可知月球的引力(gravity)确实远小于地球。
故选:B。
6.【答案】C
【解析】see看见,强调看的结果;watch观看,侧重于观看动态的场景或过程;learn了解、学习;look看,强调看的动作,是不及物动词,后面接宾语时需要加介词。根据"Scientists are trying to.......more about other planets."(科学家们正试图.......更多关于其他行星的信息。)可知,此处应表达"了解"更多关于其他行星的信息,"learn about" 是固定搭配,意为 "了解关于……"
故选:C。
7.【答案】B
【解析】A.天气;B.气候;C.空气;D.温度。根据Many animals are in danger(许多动物处于危险)可知,此处是许多动物因为气候变化而处于危险之中。
故选:B。
8.【答案】B
【解析】A增加;B减少;C制作;D有。根据waste可知此处指"减少浪费"。
故选:B。
9.【答案】B
【解析】Earth地球;solar system太阳系;moon月球;star星星。根据常识和选项提示可知,太阳系是由太阳、行星和其他天体组成的,要填"太阳系"。
故选:B。
10.【答案】A
【解析】use,动词,使用。选项A是动名词;选项B是动词原形;选项C是动词不定式;选项D是过去式或过去分词。观察可知此句缺少主语,动名词和动词不定式都可作主语,但动名词表示一般性行为或已知经验,动词不定式作主语通常表示具体某一次的行为。结合句意可知正确答案是 A。
故选:A。
11.【答案】C
【解析】A地球;B太阳;C月球;D火星。根据in 1969和常识,可知人类首次登月发生在1969年(阿波罗11号任务),因此空格处应填"moon"(月球)。
故选:C。
12.【答案】B
【解析】恒星(stars)、行星(planets)、卫星(satellites)、月球(moons)。根据常识可知地球属于行星。
故选:B。
13.【答案】A
【解析】A引起;激发;B使,让;C有;D拿着,带着。根据our interest in science(对科学的兴趣)可知此处指"激发兴趣"。
故选:A。
了解地球及其邻居能够激发我们对科学的兴趣。
需要分析句中各个成分和选项,根据句子,选出正确答案。
14.【答案】D
【解析】"air"(空气)、"land"(土地)、"water"(水)、D以上全部。根据pollution和常识可知,ABC都属于常见的环境污染范畴。
故选:D。
15.【答案】B
【解析】A.眼镜;B.望远镜;C.照相机;D.显微镜。根据to observe the stars in the sky(来观察天空中的星星)可知,此处是我们可以用望远镜来观察天空中的星星。
故选:B。
16~25.【答案】B、A、C、D、C、B、D、A、C、A
【解析】( 1)考查名词。句意:它是太阳系中一颗美丽的行星。A月亮,B行星,C星星,D太阳,根据The Earth is our home.(地球是我们的家。)可知它是太阳系中一颗美丽的行星,故选B。
( 2)考查名词。句意:但现在,地球正处于危险之中。A危险,B麻烦,C问题,D问题,根据in danger在危险中,固定短语,故选A。
( 3)考查形容词。句意:污染使空气变脏,水变脏。A干净的,B新鲜的,C脏的,D清晰的,根据Pollution makes the air(污染使空气)可知污染使空气变脏,故选C。
( 4)考查动词。句意:气候变化使天气异常。A使,B让,C有,D得到,根据语境可知气候变化使天气异常,make和let后面用动词原形,get sth to do让某物做某事,固定短语,故选D。
( 5)考查动词。句意:我们应该做点什么来保护地球。A保存,拯救,B保持,C保护,D使,根据It causes floods,droughts and other disasters.(它导致洪水、干旱和其他灾害。)可知我们应该做点什么来保护地球,故选C。
( 6)考查动词。句意:我们可以从小事做起,比如减少浪费、节约水电。A增加,B减少,C使,D有,根据We should do something to protect the Earth.(我们应该做点什么来保护地球。)可知比如减少浪费,故选B。
( 7)考查名词。句意:我们还应该种更多的树,使空气更清洁。A动物,B花,C草,D树,根据to make the air cleaner(使空气更清洁)可知我们还应该种更多的树,故选D。
( 8)考查名词。句意:让我们共同努力,使地球成为一个更美好的居住地。A地方,B空间,C房间,D陆地,根据to live(居住)可知使地球成为一个更美好的居住地,故选A。
( 9)考查动词。句意:我们应该鼓励更多的人来保护地球。A问,B告诉,C鼓励,D使,根据to protect the Earth(保护地球)可知我们应该鼓励更多的人来保护地球,故选C。
( 10)考查动词。句意:只有这样,我们才能为我们自己和地球创造一个光明的未来。A建立,B有,C得到,D发现,根据语境可知我们才能为我们自己和地球创造一个光明的未来,故选A。
26~30.【答案】C、D、C、C、A
【解析】( 1)细节理解题。根据第一段The solar system is made up of the sun,eight planets and many other objects.(太阳系由太阳、八颗行星和许多其他天体组成。)可知,太阳系是由太阳、八大行星和许多其他天体组成的。故选C。
( 2)细节理解题。根据第一段The sun is at the center of the solar system.(太阳位于太阳系的中心。)可知,太阳在太阳系的中心。故选D。
( 3)细节理解题。根据第二段For example,the Earth is the only planet with life.(例如,地球是唯一有生命的星球。)可知,地球有生命。故选C。
( 4)细节理解题。根据第三段Scientists are always exploring the solar system to learn more about it.They use telescopes and spaceships to observe and study the planets and other objects.(科学家们一直在探索太阳系以了解更多。他们使用望远镜和宇宙飞船来观察和研究行星和其他物体。)可知,科学家们用望远镜和宇宙飞船来探索太阳系。故选C。
( 5)细节理解题。根据第二段Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.(木星是太阳系中最大的行星。)可知,太阳系中最大的行星是木星。故选A。
31~35.【答案】C、B、C、B、C
【解析】( 1)细节理解题。根据第一段The moon is the Earth's only natural satellite.(月球是地球上唯一的天然卫星。)可知,月亮是地球上唯一的天然卫星。故选C。
( 2)细节理解题。根据第一段It is about 384,400 kilometers away from the Earth.(它距离地球约38.44万公里。)可知,月球离地球大约有38.44万公里。故选B。
( 3)细节理解题。根据第二段The surface of the moon is full of craters.(月球表面布满了陨石坑。这些陨石坑是由小行星撞击形成的。)可知,月球的表面布满了陨石坑。故选C。
( 4)细节理解题。根据第二段The first moon landing was in 1969.(第一次登月是在1969年。)可知,第一次登月是1969年。故选B。
( 5)细节理解题。根据第二段Astronauts brought back rocks and soil from the moon,which helped scientists learn more about the moon.(宇航员从月球带回了岩石和土壤,这有助于科学家更多地了解月球。)可知,宇航员从月球带回了岩石和土壤。故选C。
36~40.【答案】B、B、C、C、A
【解析】( 1)细节理解题。根据文章内容及其第一段Protecting the Earth is very important.We should take actions to reduce pollution.(保护地球非常重要。我们应该采取行动减少污染。)可知地球是人类赖以生存的家园,保护地球很重要。故选B。
( 2)细节理解题。根据第二段 "Firstly,we can use public transportation instead of driving cars.This can reduce air pollution."(首先,我们可以选择乘坐公共交通工具而非开车出行。这样可以减少空气污染。)可知使用公共交通可以减少空气污染。故选B。
( 3)细节理解题。根据第二段 "we can turn off the tap when we brush our teeth." (我们刷牙的时候可以把水龙头关掉。)可知刷牙时要关上水龙头。故选C。
( 4)词义猜测题。根据第二段"We can separate waste into different kinds and send them for recycling."(我们可以将垃圾分类并送去回收。)可知recycle是 "回收利用" 的意思。故选C。
( 5)主旨大意题。根据文章内容及其第一段Protecting the Earth is very important.We should take actions to reduce pollution.(保护地球非常重要。我们应该采取行动减少污染。)可知文章开头指出保护地球很重要,接着列举了使用公共交通、节约用水、回收垃圾等保护地球的方法,主要讲的是保护地球的方式。故选A。
41.【答案】【小题1】planet
【小题2】solar
【小题3】pollution
【小题4】climate
【小题5】environment
【小题6】actions
【小题7】saving
【小题8】resources
【小题9】protect
【小题10】universe
【解析】( 1)考查名词。句意:地球是太阳系中一颗美丽的行星。根据 "Earth"(地球)可知,地球是一颗行星,"planet"(行星)符合语境,由 "a" 可知用单数。故填planet。
( 2)考查形容词。句意:地球是太阳系中一颗美丽的行星。"solar system" 是固定短语,意为 "太阳系","solar"(太阳的)修饰 "system",符合语境。故填solar。
( 3)考查名词。句意:但现在,地球正面临许多问题,比如污染和气候变化。根据前文 "the Earth is facing many problems"(地球正面临许多问题)可知,此处列举问题,"pollution"(污染)是地球面临的问题之一,符合语境。故填pollution。
( 4)考查名词。句意:但现在,地球正面临许多问题,比如污染和气候变化。"climate change" 是固定短语,意为 "气候变化",是地球面临的另一个重要问题,"climate"(气候)符合语境。故填climate。
( 5)考查名词。句意:污染使环境变得更糟。根据 "Pollution"(污染)可知,污染会破坏环境,"environment"(环境)符合语境。故填environment。
( 6)考查名词。句意:我们应该采取行动减少污染。"take actions" 是固定短语,意为 "采取行动","action"(行动)用复数形式表示多种行动,符合语境。故填actions。
( 7)考查动词。句意:我们可以从减少使用塑料和节约用水开始。"save water" 是固定短语,意为 "节约用水","and" 连接并列成分,与 "using" 保持一致,用动名词 "saving"。故填saving。
( 8)考查名词。句意:它是由资源浪费和温室气体增加引起的。"the waste of resources" 表示 "资源浪费","resource"(资源)常用复数形式 "resources",表示各类资源,符合语境。故填resources。
( 9)考查动词。句意:我们应该尝试通过使用可再生能源来保护地球。根据前文强调保护地球可知,"protect"(保护)符合语境,"try to do sth." 后接动词原形。故填protect。
( 10)考查名词。句意:宇宙非常大,地球只是其中的一小部分。根据 "the Earth is just a small part of it"(地球只是其中的一小部分)可知,"it" 指代宇宙,"universe"(宇宙)符合语境。故填universe。
42.【答案】olar
【解析】根据"......系非常大而且神秘。"及首字母提示可知,应该是"太阳的",是形容词solar。solar system"太阳系"。
故答案为:solar。
43.【答案】rotect
【解析】根据animals and plants(动物和植物)和首字母,可知,我们应该保护地球上的动物和植物,protect"保护",情态动词should后跟动词原形。
故答案为:protect。
44.【答案】niverse
【解析】根据"......包括太空中的一切。"及首字母提示可知,应该是"宇宙",填名词universe作主语。
故答案为:universe。
45.【答案】esources
【解析】根据句意结合首字母可知,是自然资源,resource"资源",可数名词,此处用名词复数表示泛指。
故填:resources。
46.【答案】limate
【解析】根据"地球上的......正在发生变化,我们应该采取措施来阻止它。"及首字母提示可知,应该是"气候",填不可数名词climate作主语。
故答案为:climate。
47.【答案】to save
【解析】"It's+形容词+for sb.+to do sth."为固定句型,意为"对某人来说做某事是……的",所以应填不定式故填to save。
故填:to save。
48.【答案】reusing
【解析】reuse"重复使用",动词。根据空前的介词by"通过"可知,此处应填动名词reusing。
故填:reusing。
我们可以通过重复使用物品来减少浪费。
通读句子,理解句意,掌握动名词的用法,即可作答。
49.【答案】Protecting
【解析】protect"保护",动词。根据"is "可知此处应用动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
故答案为:Protecting。
50.【答案】gives
【解析】give给,动词。陈述事实,所以该句为一般现在时,主语是The sun"太阳",为单数,所以动词用第三人称单数形式。
故填:gives。
51.【答案】plant
【解析】plant种植,动词原形。Let's do让我们做,所以此处需用动词原形。
故填:plant。
52.【答案】Why
should
【解析】根据题干要求可知,此处需要提问原因,用why提问;情态动词should提前。
故填:Why should。
53.【答案】Is
【解析】根据题干要求可知,此处需要将原句改为一般疑问句,系动词Is提前。
故填:Is。
地球是唯一一个有着生命的星球。
地球是唯一一个有着生命的星球吗?
根据一般疑问句语法规则完成句子。
54.【答案】by
【解析】根据"We can use less plastic to protect the environment."(我们可以少用塑料来保护环境。)及"using less plastic"(使用较少的塑料)可知,此处指通过少用塑料来保护环境,by doing sth.通过做某事,by using less plastic通过少用塑料,符合语境。
故填:by。
55.【答案】aren't
exploring
【解析】 根据题干,原句中有be动词are,改成否定句时在are后加not,可缩写成aren't。
故答案为:aren't exploring。
56.【答案】How
far
【解析】分析句式,设空句是一个感叹句;根据语境,原句中的形容词far(遥远的)是感叹句的中心词,因此应用how作感叹词;设空处应填How far(多么远)符合语境。题干构成"How +形容词+主语+谓语!"结构。
故填:How far。
57.【答案】Protecting the Earth and Its Neighbors
The Earth and its neighbors like the Moon and other planets are of great significance.The Earth is our home,providing us with living conditions.The Moon influences tides,and planets help us explore the universe.
However,they face problems.On Earth,resource waste and climate change are severe.Excessive carbon emissions lead to rising temperatures.Space neighbors also suffer from space junk.
To protect them,we should save resources,reduce waste.Use public transport and recycle.For space,control space junk production.By taking these actions,we can safeguard the Earth and its neighbors for a better future.
【解析】Protecting the Earth and Its Neighbors
The Earth and its neighbors like the Moon and other planets are of great significance.The Earth is our home,providing us with living conditions.The Moon influences tides,and planets help us explore the universe.【高分句型一】(地球和它邻居的重要性)
However,they face problems.On Earth,resource waste and climate change are severe.Excessive carbon emissions lead to rising temperatures.Space neighbors also suffer from space junk.(它们面临的问题)
To protect them,we should save resources,reduce waste. 【高分句型二】Use public transport and recycle.For space,control space junk production.By taking these actions,we can safeguard the Earth and its neighbors for a better future.(我们可以采取的保护措施)
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