仁爱英语 八年级上册 Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind 知识点总结及训练
一、单词默写
序号 释义 英文 序号 释义 英文
1 体温(n.) 2 发烧(n.)
3 药(n.);医学(n.) 4 药片;药丸(n.)
5 饮食(n.);节食(v.) 6 缺席;不在(adj.)
7 自信的;有把握的(adj.) 8 信心;信任(n.)
9 困倦的;瞌睡的(adj.) 10 睡着的(adj.)
11 睡觉(v. & n.) 12 更差的;更糟的(adj. & adv.)
13 重量(n.) 14 称……重量;有……重(v.)
15 更喜欢(v.) 16 焦点;中心(n.);集中(v.)
17 服务;接待(v.) 18 服务(n.)
19 微笑(v. & n.) 20 匆忙;急忙(n. & v.)
21 疯的;生气的(adj.) 22 健壮的;健康的(adj.);适合(v.)
23 身体的;物理的(adj.) 24 平衡的;均衡的(adj.)
25 平衡(n. & v.) 26 扩散;蔓延(v. & n.)
二、单词变形默写
序号 原词 词性 变形词 词性 释义
1 medicine n. medical 医学的;医疗的(adj.)
2 absent adj. absence 缺席;不在(n.)
3 confident adj. confidence 信心;信任(n.)
4 sleep v. & n. sleepy 困倦的;瞌睡的(adj.)
4 sleep v. & n. asleep 睡着的(adj.)
5 bad/badly adj./adv. worse 更差的;更糟的(比较级)
5 bad/badly adj./adv. worst 最差的;最糟的(最高级)
6 weight n. weigh 称……重量;有……重(v.)
7 serve v. service 服务;接待(n.)
8 balance n. & v. balanced 平衡的;均衡的(adj.)
9 spread v. & n. —— 扩散;蔓延(过去式/过去分词同原形)
三、短语默写
序号 中文 英文 序号 中文 英文
1 量体温 2 发烧
3 吃药 4 熬夜到很晚
5 远离…… 6 健康的饮食
7 均衡饮食 8 节食
9 怎么了? 10 面对某人/某物
11 面对面 12 很高兴做某事
13 缺席…… 14 对某人有信心
15 对(做)某事有信心 16 更糟糕的是
17 摆脱;除去 18 减肥
19 增肥;增加体重 20 保持健康的生活方式
21 比起(做)B更喜欢(做)A 22 做某事很开心
23 专注于…… 24 给某人提供某物
25 开始做;学着做;占据(时间/空间) 26 匆忙地
27 对某人生气 28 保持健康
29 体力活动 30 无论如何
四、默写答案
(一)单词答案
序号 英文 序号 英文
1 temperature 2 fever
3 medicine 4 pill
5 diet 6 absent
7 confident 8 confidence
9 sleepy 10 asleep
11 sleep 12 worse
13 weight 14 weigh
15 prefer 16 focus
17 serve 18 service
19 smile 20 hurry
21 mad 22 fit
23 physical 24 balanced
25 balance 26 spread
(二)单词变形答案
序号 原词 词性 变形词 词性 释义
1 medicine n. medical adj. 医学的;医疗的
2 absent adj. absence n. 缺席;不在
3 confident adj. confidence n. 信心;信任
4 sleep v. & n. sleepy adj. 困倦的;瞌睡的
4 sleep v. & n. asleep adj. 睡着的
5 bad/badly adj./adv. worse adj./adv. 更差的;更糟的(比较级)
5 bad/badly adj./adv. worst adj./adv. 最差的;最糟的(最高级)
6 weight n. weigh v. 称……重量;有……重
7 serve v. service n. 服务;接待
8 balance n. & v. balanced adj. 平衡的;均衡的
9 spread v. & n. —— v. & n. 扩散;蔓延(过去式/过去分词同原形)
(三)短语答案
序号 中文 英文 序号 中文 英文
1 量体温 take one's temperature 2 发烧 have a fever
3 吃药 take (some) medicine 4 熬夜到很晚 stay up late
5 远离…… stay away from/keep away from 6 健康的饮食 healthy diet
7 均衡饮食 balanced diet 8 节食 be on a diet/diet
9 怎么了? What's wrong (with sb./sth.) 10 面对某人/某物 face sb./sth.
11 面对面 face to face 12 很高兴做某事 be glad/happy/pleased to do sth.
13 缺席…… be absent from 14 对某人有信心 be confident in sb.
15 对(做)某事有信心 be confident of (doing) sth./be confident about sth. 16 更糟糕的是 what's worse/even worse
17 摆脱;除去 get rid of 18 减肥 lose weight
19 增肥;增加体重 put on/gain weight 20 保持健康的生活方式 live healthy lifestyles
21 比起(做)B更喜欢(做)A prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 22 做某事很开心 have fun (in) doing sth./have a good time (in) doing sth.
23 专注于…… focus on 24 给某人提供某物 serve sb. (with) sth./serve sth. to sb.
25 开始做;学着做;占据(时间/空间) take up 26 匆忙地 in a hurry
27 对某人生气 be mad at sb. (for sth./doing sth.) 28 保持健康 stay/keep fit/healthy
29 体力活动 physical activity 30 无论如何 no matter how/however
五、知识点详细讲解
(一)重点词汇用法
medicine
含义:名词,意为“药(不可数);医学(不可数)”,“吃药”需用“take (some) medicine”,不可说“eat medicine”。
用法示例:
药:You should take this medicine three times a day.(你应该一天吃三次这个药。);
医学:He wants to study medicine at university.(他想在大学学习医学。);
拓展:形容词“medical(医学的)”,如“medical care(医疗护理)”“medical service(医疗服务)”。
absent
含义:形容词,意为“缺席;不在”,常用搭配“be absent from(缺席……)”,名词形式“absence(缺席)”。
用法示例:She was absent from school yesterday because of illness.(她昨天因病缺席上学。);His absence made the meeting less effective.(他的缺席使会议效果打折扣。)。
confident
含义:形容词,意为“自信的;有把握的”,名词形式“confidence(信心)”,常用搭配“be confident in sb.(对某人有信心)”“be confident of (doing) sth.(对做某事有信心)”。
用法示例:He is confident in his ability to solve the problem.(他对自己解决问题的能力有信心。);We are confident of winning the match.(我们有把握赢得比赛。)。
sleepy, asleep 与 sleep
区别:
sleepy:形容词,意为“困倦的”,作定语或表语,如“I feel sleepy in class.(我上课觉得困。)”;
asleep:形容词,意为“睡着的”,仅作表语,搭配“fall asleep(入睡)”,如“He fell asleep soon.(他很快就睡着了。)”;
sleep:动词/名词,意为“睡觉”,如“She sleeps eight hours a day.(她每天睡8小时。)”“I need a good sleep.(我需要好好睡一觉。)”。
prefer
含义:动词,意为“更喜欢”,常见搭配聚焦“比较选择”,后接名词、动名词或不定式。
常用搭配:
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B(比起B更喜欢A),如“I prefer reading to watching TV.(比起看电视,我更喜欢读书。)”;
prefer to do sth.(更喜欢做某事),如“She prefers to travel by train.(她更喜欢坐火车旅行。)”;
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.(宁愿做某事也不做某事),如“He prefers to walk rather than drive.(他宁愿走路也不开车。)”。
(二)核心短语解析
take one's temperature 与 have a fever
take one's temperature:意为“量体温”,“one's”随主语变化,如“The nurse took my temperature.(护士给我量了体温。)”;
have a fever:意为“发烧”,可加修饰词“high/low/slight”表“发高/低/低烧”,如“She has a high fever.(她发高烧了。)”。
stay up late 与 stay away from
stay up late:意为“熬夜到很晚”,如“Staying up late is bad for your health.(熬夜对健康不好。)”;
stay away from:意为“远离……”,后接名词或动名词,如“Stay away from junk food.(远离垃圾食品。)”“Stay away from playing computer games too much.(别玩太多电脑游戏。)”。
get rid of
含义:意为“摆脱;除去”,后接名词或代词,表“去除不好的人/物/习惯”,如“You should get rid of bad habits.(你应该改掉坏习惯。)”“We need to get rid of the old furniture.(我们需要处理掉旧家具。)”。
lose weight 与 put on/gain weight
lose weight:意为“减肥”,如“She exercises every day to lose weight.(她每天锻炼减肥。)”;
put on/gain weight:意为“增肥;增加体重”,如“He needs to put on weight for his health.(为了健康,他需要增肥。)”。
focus on
含义:意为“专注于……”,后接名词或动名词,表“将注意力集中在某事物上”,如“You should focus on your studies.(你应该专注于学习。)”“She focused on solving the problem.(她专注于解决问题。)”;
拓展:名词用法“the focus of(……的焦点)”,如“The focus of the meeting is health.(会议的焦点是健康。)”。
(三)关键句型讲解
What's wrong (with sb./sth.)
含义:意为“(某人/某物)怎么了?”,用于询问“某人身体不适”“某物出故障”或“某人遇到麻烦”,答语需具体说明情况。
用法示例:
询问身体:—What's wrong with you (你怎么了?)—I have a headache.(我头疼。);
询问事物:—What's wrong with the TV (电视怎么了?)—It doesn't work.(它坏了。)。
no matter how/what/who...
含义:意为“无论如何/什么/谁……”,引导让步状语从句,可替换为“however/whatever/whoever”。
用法示例:
no matter how:No matter how hard it is, I will try.(无论多困难,我都会尝试。)= However hard it is, I will try.;
no matter what:No matter what you do, I support you.(无论你做什么,我都支持你。)= Whatever you do, I support you.。
have fun (in) doing sth.
含义:意为“做某事很开心”,“in”可省略,同义短语“have a good time (in) doing sth.”。
用法示例:They have fun playing basketball after class.(他们课后打篮球很开心。);We had a good time visiting the museum.(我们参观博物馆很开心。)。
be mad at sb. (for sth./doing sth.)
含义:意为“因某事/做某事对某人生气”,同义短语“be angry with sb. (for sth./doing sth.)”。
用法示例:She was mad at him for being late.(她因他迟到而生气。);My mom was angry with me for breaking the cup.(我妈妈因我打碎杯子而生气。)。
六、易错点辨析
(一)medicine 与 pill
类别 词性 范围 搭配 例句
medicine 不可数名词 泛指所有药物(液体、药片、胶囊等) take (some) medicine(吃药) Take this medicine three times a day.(这药一天吃三次。)
pill 可数名词 特指固体药物(药片、药丸) take a pill(吃一片药) He takes a pill every morning.(他每天早上吃一片药。)
(二)fit 与 healthy
类别 含义 用法 例句
fit 侧重“身体健壮、适合活动”,强调“体能状态” be fit for(适合……)、keep fit(保持健康) He is fit for sports.(他适合运动。)
healthy 侧重“身体健康、无疾病”,强调“整体健康状况” keep healthy(保持健康)、healthy diet(健康饮食) She has a healthy lifestyle.(她有健康的生活方式。)
(三)though 与 but
类别 词性 用法 例句
though 连词 引导让步状语从句,可置于句首或句中,不与but连用 Though it rained, we went out.(尽管下雨,我们还是出去了。)
but 连词 表转折,置于句首,不与though连用 It rained, but we went out.(下雨了,但我们还是出去了。)
七、配套基础习题
(一)单项选择
You should ______ your temperature first if you feel sick.
A. take B. make C. get D. do
My brother ______ school yesterday because he had a high fever.
A. was absent from B. was different from C. was far from D. was made from
She is ______ in her ability to finish the work on time.
A. confident B. worried C. surprised D. angry
He ______ reading to watching TV in his free time.
A. likes B. prefers C. enjoys D. loves
______ hard the task is, we will try our best to complete it.
A. No matter what B. No matter how C. No matter who D. No matter where
(二)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
You need to take this ______(medicine)twice a day.
His ______(absent)from the meeting made everyone upset.
She has ______(confident)in herself to win the competition.
After staying up late, I felt ______(sleep)in class this morning.
The situation is getting ______(bad)than before. We need to act quickly.
He ______(prefer)to walk to school rather than take the bus.
We should ______(focus)on our studies instead of playing games.
The news ______(spread)quickly all over the school yesterday.
(三)按要求完成句子(每空一词)
She has a fever.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ her
He prefers swimming to running.(改为同义句)
He ______ swimming ______ than running.
Staying up late is bad for your health.(改为同义句)
______ ______ ______ is bad for your health.
She was mad at him for being late.(改为同义句)
She was ______ ______ him for being late.
No matter how difficult it is, I will keep trying.(改为同义句)
______ difficult it is, I will keep trying.
八、习题答案
(一)单项选择
A(“take one's temperature”是固定短语,表“量体温”,故选A)
A(“be absent from”表“缺席……”,符合“因发烧缺席上学”语境;be different from与……不同,be far from远离,be made from由……制成,故选A)
A(“be confident in”表“对……有信心”,符合“对按时完成工作有信心”语境;worried担心的,surprised惊讶的,angry生气的,故选A)
B(“prefer A to B”表“比起B更喜欢A”,其他选项无此搭配,故选B)
B(“no matter how”表“无论多么”,修饰形容词“hard”;no matter what修饰名词,no matter who修饰人,no matter where修饰地点,故选B)
(二)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
medicine(“medicine”是不可数名词,直接用原形)
absence(“absent”的名词形式,作主语,表“缺席”)
confidence(“confident”的名词形式,“have confidence in”表“对……有信心”)
sleepy(“sleepy”表“困倦的”,作表语,修饰人)
worse(“than”提示用比较级,bad的比较级为worse)
prefers(描述习惯性动作,用一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,prefer变prefers)
focus(“should”后接动词原形,“focus on”表“专注于”)
spread(“yesterday”表过去,spread的过去式为spread)
(三)按要求完成句子
What's wrong with(对“身体不适”提问用“What's wrong with...”)
likes;better(“prefer A to B”=“like A better than B”,表“比起B更喜欢A”)
Staying up late(原句主语是动名词短语,可直接替换为“Staying up late”)
angry with(“be mad at”=“be angry with”,表“对某人生气”)
However(“no matter how”=“however”,表“无论多么”)
九、话题写作
假设你是李华,你的朋友Mike最近因熬夜、吃垃圾食品导致身体不适。请你根据“身心健康”主题,给Mike写一封建议信,词数80词左右,开头和结尾已给出(不计入词数)。
提示:1. 建议规律作息,不熬夜;2. 建议健康饮食,多吃蔬果;3. 建议每天锻炼,保持积极心态。
范文
Dear Mike,
I'm sorry to hear you're not feeling well. You told me you stayed up late and ate too much junk food—that's probably why you feel sick.
Let me give you some advice. First, stop staying up late—go to bed before 10:30 every night. Second, eat a balanced diet with more fruits and vegetables, and stay away from junk food. Third, exercise every day, like running or playing basketball. It will help you stay fit and positive.
I hope you'll feel better soon!
Yours,
Li Hua
核心语块
短语:stay up late(熬夜)、balanced diet(均衡饮食)、stay away from(远离)、stay fit(保持健康)
句型:I'm sorry to hear...(表达关心);Let me give you some advice.(提出建议);First...Second...Third...(分点说明建议,条理清晰)