Period Five Grammar
语法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.1.to pass 2.to be sent 3.to visit 4.to complete 5.to push 6.to come 7.To make 8.to see 9.to go 10.to take
Ⅱ.1.not to have seen me 2.a lot of work to do 3.to be correcting our papers 4.found it important to study the situation of 5.only to find
词法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.1.annoying;annoyed 2.moved; moving
3.disappointed; disappointing 4.inspired; inspiring
5.interested 6.frightened; scared 7.boring 8.amusing
Ⅱ.1.worrying situation of the oceans
2.satisfied unless you give him a satisfying answer
3.confusing; felt even more confused
4.shocking experience; shocked look
5.very excited when Mother told me the exciting newsPeriod Five Grammar
Ⅰ.1.to help 2.to develop 3.to cry 4.to keep
5.to arrive
Ⅱ.1.to take up a second language 2.the only one to organise
3.to cheer them up 4.to help those who are in trouble
Ⅲ.1.disappointed 2.embarrassed 3.amazing
4.stressed 5.inspiring
Ⅳ.1.It was embarrassing 2.interested in 3.His worried eyes
Ⅴ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章作者主要就如何选择适合自己的英文读物给出了自己的建议。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time.”可知,奥斯汀的造句方式和思维方式使作者很难读懂这本书。故选B。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it.”可知,“糟糕”最能描述作者第一次读英语小说的经历。A选项与disastrous意思相近。故选A。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine for ourselves. As a saying goes, one man’s meat is another man’s poison.”可知,作者在最后一段建议我们要自己做决定,不要盲目听从别人的建议,不要受别人的选择的影响。故选C。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books.”以及“As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience.”可推知,本文作者主要就如何选择适合自己的英文读物给出了自己的建议。故选B。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过比较大学时代教授Degenaar博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的传统学习法,指出体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考,是最好的学习方法。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“…it was really an exciting experience.”以及“The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom.”可知,作者认为他的第一堂希腊哲学课令人兴奋、很有趣,这是作者第一次在课堂上真正地学习,因此这是一堂令作者惊叹的课。故选B。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第二段“Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who ‘taught’ me during that year, I remember they ‘taught’ me the history of Greek philosophy (哲学), but I remember little of that history and nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr Degenaar’s class, for my own interest.”可知,通过比较Degenaar博士和其他讲师的课,作者发现他只对Degenaar博士的课记忆深刻,强调了Degenaar博士对他的巨大影响。故选B。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In comparison, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself, not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher.”可知,体验式学习不同于传统学习,这种学习方式鼓励学习者独立思考。故选C。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In comparison, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself, not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a ‘teacher’ or a ‘lecturer’ says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it.”可知,作者通过比较Degenaar博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的传统学习法,指出体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考,是最好的学习方法,故本文主要在讲一种有效的学习方法。故选D。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了志愿者在罗得岛的What Cheer Flower农场上种植鲜花,免费赠送给有需要的人的暖心故事。
1.delivers 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为谓语动词,与grows并列,也应用一般现在时和第三人称单数形式,故填delivers。
2.who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,gardeners是先行词,指人,从句缺少主语,应用who或者that引导定语从句,故填who/that。
3.regularly 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰动词brings,故填regularly。
4.recovery 考查名词。此处应用recover的名词形式作宾语,表示“康复”,故填recovery。
5.satisfied 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰smiles,表示“满意的笑容”,故填satisfied。
6.housed 考查动词时态。根据once可知,谓语动词house应用过去式,意为“容纳,提供场地”,故填housed。
7.a 考查冠词。prize在句中为可数名词,应用不定冠词a表泛指,故填a。
8.to bring 考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰efforts,故填to bring。
9.populations 考查名词复数。population在句中是可数名词,意为“种群”,句中包括insect 和bird两类动物,需用复数形式,故填populations。
10.up 考查介词。cheer sb up意为“使某人变得更高兴,振奋起来”,符合语境,故填up。Period Five Grammar
动词不定式
英语中,动词不定式(infinitive)由“to+动词原形”构成,有时可以不带to。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词不定式作主语
1.动词不定式作主语表示具体的某一次动作,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数。如:
To tell good information from bad is difficult.
很难把好的信息从坏的信息中分辨出来。
2.为保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式置于句末。如:
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾好老人是我们的责任。
二、动词不定式作宾语
1.英语中,有些动词后必须接不定式作宾语,这类动词常见的有agree, ask, attempt, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, volunteer, want, wish等。如:
She had agreed to have dinner with him in town the following weekend.
她答应下个周末和他在城里共进晚餐。
They changed their minds at the last moment and refused to go there with me.
他们在最后一刻改变了主意,拒绝跟我去那儿。
2.动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语,要先用it作形式宾语,而将真正的不定式宾语后置。如:
He really felt it an honour to win the championship in the international competition.
在国际比赛中获得冠军,他感到很荣幸。
三、动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语常用来解释或说明主语要去做什么事。主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划等的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, goal, dream, job等。如:
The goal is to raise as much money as possible.
目标是筹集到尽可能多的资金。
Their purpose is to build a fair society and a strong economy.
他们的目的是建立一个公平的社会和一个强大的经济体。
四、动词不定式作定语
1.有些名词,如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等,后面常接不定式作定语。如:
We should develop the students’ ability to analyse and solve problems.
我们应该培养学生分析和解决问题的能力。
The company is offering you the chance to share its success.
公司正向你提供分享其成功的机会。
2.由only, first, last, next等序数词或形容词修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。如:
He was not the first person to believe that the earth was round.
他并不是第一个相信地球是圆形的人。
He was the only one to speak out against the decision.
只有他站出来反对那个决定。
3.不定式与其所修饰的词常构成逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。如:
He has got a chair to sit on, but nobody to talk to.
他有一把椅子可坐,但没人同他说话。
五、动词不定式作宾语补足语
1.动词不定式可跟在宾语后面作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语在干什么。可接不定式作宾补的动词和动词短语常见的有advise, ask, allow, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, require, urge, warn, want, wish, call on, depend on, rely on, wait for等。如:
My parents expected me to be well prepared for the entrance examination.
我父母希望我好好准备入学考试。
The teacher encouraged us to think independently as far as possible.
老师鼓励我们尽可能独立思考。
注意:在感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to,这类感官动词主要有see,hear,observe,notice, feel, watch等。如:
I saw the woman enter a bank.
我看见这位女士进了一家银行。
2.在变为被动语态时,这些不定式就成了主语补足语。如:
She was not allowed to surf the Internet in her office.
她不被允许在办公室里上网。
六、动词不定式作状语
1.不定式常用在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词,表示谓语动作发生的目的。如:
To support his family, Uncle Li has taken up two part-time jobs.
为了养家糊口,李叔叔打两份零工。
I want you to do everything you can to find out who is responsible.
我希望你尽你所能找出责任人。
2.某些表示情感变化的形容词,如happy, sorry, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked, satisfied, astonished等,后常接不定式作原因状语。如:
Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.
布朗太太看到她请人修过的洗衣机又坏了后感到非常失望。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The girl was the first runner (pass) the finish line.
2.I wish (send) to work in Shanghai upon my graduation.
3.I’m going to the nursing home after school, for I have an old man (visit).
4.It is difficult for us (complete) the job in a quarter of an hour.
5.The interview gave him a chance (push) his latest movie.
6.He invited a few friends (come) over to his house after work.
7. (make) sure I was safe and sound in the town, my parents gave me a phone call now and then.
8.Our original plan was (see) a film at the cinema that afternoon.
9.He thought it would be safer (go) by train.
10.We were not allowed (take) most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.She pretended when I passed by.
我走过的时候,她假装没看见我。
2.With , he didn’t go to the gym that night.(with)
他那天晚上有很多工作要做,所以没去健身房。
3.The teacher happened when I entered the office.
我走进办公室时,老师正好在批改我们的试卷。
4.He
Russia, so he began to learn Russian.
他发现研究俄罗斯的形势很重要,于是他开始学习俄语。
5.I was out of breath when I finally arrived at school, that it was Saturday.
当我终于到达学校时,我上气不接下气,结果发现那天是星期六。
-ed/-ing 形容词
英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词,如interest, excite, disappoint, bore, delight, encourage, inspire, amuse, astonish, move, tire, surprise, please, satisfy, worry, puzzle, frighten, scare等,它们有以下共同的特征:
1.这些词的原形一般是及物动词,表示“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。如interest(使感兴趣),please(使高兴),discourage(使泄气)等。如:
The story interests us students.
这个故事使我们学生很感兴趣。
2.这类动词的-ed形式作为形容词,常修饰人,描述人的情感,汉语意思是“感到/觉得……”。 如:
Michael is tired and he has to rest after his long trip.
迈克尔累了,他在长途旅行以后不得不休息。
3.这类动词的-ing形式作为形容词,多修饰物,表示事物的状态或特征,汉语意思是“令人/使人……的”。 如:
They waited and waited for something exciting to happen.
他们等啊等,等待着激动人心的事情发生。
[温馨提示] 如果被修饰的是facial expression (面部表情), voice (声音), smile (微笑), cry (哭声), appearance (外貌)等名词时,通常用-ed形式的形容词。如:
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The (annoy) person made me (annoy).
2.Everyone was (move) by the (move) story.
3.We were all (disappoint) at the (disappoint) result.
4.Another way you can get (inspire) is to listen to a piece of (inspire) music you enjoy.
5.Tom sounds very much (interest) in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
6.Poor boy! His (frighten) look and shaking hands suggested that he was (scare).
7.Walking exercise may be (bore) at times but early on a clear sunny morning there can be nothing finer.
8.There was a burst of laughter from the group after he told the (amuse) story.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.Faced with the current , human beings have no alternative but to cooperate with each other to tackle the crisis.
面对令人担忧的海洋现状,人类别无选择,只能相互合作应对这一危机。
2.He won’t be .
除非你给他一个满意的答案,否则他不会满意的。
3.The teacher’s explanation was . Most of the students .
老师的解释令人困惑。大多数学生感到更加困惑了。
4.It must have been a really . Everyone had a on their face.
这一定是一次非常令人震惊的经历。每个人的脸上都露出了震惊的表情。
5.I was yesterday.
昨天当妈妈告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时,我非常兴奋。
Period Six Writing Workshop& Other parts
1.adapt v. (使)适应, (使)适合;改编
(教材P18)I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school. 我希望你已经很好地适应了新环境,并喜欢你的新学校。
(1)adapt (oneself) to (使)适应/适合(to是介词)
be adapted from… 根据……改编/改写
(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的
(3)adaptation n. 适应,适合;改编本,改写本
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Animals that couldn’t adapt (they) to the new environment died out.
②When you are at the new school, you need to adapt to (study) in the new environment.
③The human brain is remarkably (adapt), constantly being shaped by life experiences.
④The intention of this (adapt) is to make the classics more accessible to young readers.
⑤It is a film adapted one of Mark Twain’s novels.
(2)完成句子
虽然他非常想念他的老朋友,但他设法适应了他的新的学校生活,并且很快就交了很多朋友。(话题写作之学校生活)
Although he missed his old friends very much, he and soon made a lot of friends.
2.look forward to (doing)sth 期待/盼望(做)某事
(教材P18)I look forward to hearing all about what’s happening with you soon.
我期待很快听到你发生的一切。
look around/round 环视,环顾;游览,参观
look back on/upon 回顾,回忆
look down on/upon 轻视,瞧不起
look through 浏览;快速查看
look on 旁观
look into 调查;审查
look out 小心,注意
look up 向上看;查阅
(1)用look相关短语的适当形式填空
①I those who always live off their parents.
②Thank you for your interest in this project. We cooperating with your company!
③I couldn’t help my childhood, which was full of my sweetest memory.
④I all my papers so far but I still can’t find the contract.
⑤The police did not begin to the case until yesterday afternoon.
(2)完成句子/一句多译
①我抬起头,看到了妈妈关切的眼神。(读后续写之动作描写)
, I saw my mother’s concerned eyes. (非谓语)
②当我翻弄我的那些旧照片时,我完全沉浸在回忆中。(读后续写之情感描写)
→ , I was totally lost in memory. (状语从句)
→ , I was totally lost in memory. (非谓语)
Writing—A personal email
【写作指导】
非正式的私人电子邮件通常由以下几部分组成:主题(subject);问候(greetings);正文(body);结尾客套话(ending and wishes);落款签名(signature)。考试中电子邮件一般不要求写主题,重点在正文书写。
【经典例题】
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Henry十分关心你,写信询问你是否适应了高中生活。请你根据以下提示,用英语回一封电子邮件,内容如下:
1.简述高中校园生活;
2.同学相处情况;
3.学习情况。
注意:1.词数80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【思路点拨】
【主题词汇】
1. n. 校园
2. adj. 精力充沛的
3. 教学方法
4. 和……不同
5. adj. 以前的
6. adj.有挑战性的
7. 与……相处融洽
8. 积极参加
9. 各种各样的课外活动
【高级句式】
1.现在完成进行时
I (学习) in my new school for one month.
2.主语从句
(令我吃惊的是) is the big campus.
3.倒装
(这里的老师不仅热情友好), but also very patient with us.
4.定语从句
Their teaching methods are very interesting, (和我们以前的老师的教学方法非常不同).
5.让步状语从句,定语从句,同位语从句
(尽管) the subjects (我们正在学的) are more challenging, I have (有信心) I can learn them well.
【范文鉴赏】
Dear Henry,
I’m writing to tell you something about my new school.
I have been studying in my new school for one month. What makes me surprised is the big campus. Not only are the teachers here energetic and friendly, but also very patient with us. Besides, their teaching methods are very interesting, which are quite different from the ones of our previous teachers. Although the subjects we are learning are more challenging, I have confidence that I can learn them well. In the meanwhile, I get along/on well with my classmates and I take an active part in various after-school activities.
I am looking forward to meeting you in my school.
Best wishes.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【活学活用】
假如你是李华,新西兰交换生Jimmy的画作入选了你校学生会举办的“大美中国”主题画展。请你给Jimmy写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.告知Jimmy其作品入选之事;
2.简评他的作品;
3.表示祝贺。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Unit 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS
还在赖床吗 快点起床,加入晨练的队伍里来吧!晨练有哪些好处呢 让我们一起从下文中寻找爱上晨练的原因吧!
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up! Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. You can keep your head clear for 4—10 hours after exercise.
Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
Your quality of sleep improves. Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
You will stick to your diet. If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energetic all day long.
【主题词句背诵】
1.work out锻炼
2.keep one’s head clear保持头脑清醒
3.burn calories燃烧卡路里
4.stick to坚持
5.focus on关注
6.feel energetic感觉精力充沛
7.Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
研究发现,早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。
8.Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
锻炼使你精力充沛,所以当你非常兴奋时,你更难放松下来,睡个安稳觉。
单元知识概览
核心单词 prefer;track;balanced;diet;company;inspiration;replacement;desire;sharply;energy;crowd;earn;announcement;defence;remind;prohibit;case;application;quit;tip;occupy;disappointment;relieve;strengthen;particular;benefit;equipment;capable;prevent;relief;detail;amount;satisfaction;sight;amazed;response;defend;flexibility
核心短语 rather than;in good/bad shape;try out for sth;crash into;gather around;not…anymore;let sb down;pay off;keep up with;in case;sign up;warm-up;ought to;cheer up;be fed up with;in particular;be capable of;make sure;take advantage of sth
重点句型 1.not only…but also… 2.make+宾语+宾语补足语 3.as引导的非限制性定语从句 4.现在分词(短语)作状语
单元语法和词法 语法:定语从句之关系代词;词法:不定代词
单元写作 如何写真实的故事
Period One Topic Talk
1.prefer vt.宁愿;更喜欢
(教材P28)I prefer to…rather than…
我更喜欢……而不是……
(1)prefer to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事
prefer sb to do sth 宁愿/希望某人做
某事
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 与(做)B相比
更喜欢(做)A
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不
愿意做B
(2)preference n. 偏爱;偏好;优先
have a preference for 偏爱……
[温馨提示] prefer既不用于进行时态,也不用于比较级。其过去式和过去分词都是preferred,现在分词是preferring。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I’d prefer you (keep) this information within the family.
②In modern times,teenagers have a (prefer) for popular music, which has something to do with the age characteristic and time background.
(2)一句多译
在业余时间,她更喜欢做一些运动而不是看肥皂剧。(话题写作之个人爱好)
→In her spare time, she prefers soap operas.
→In her spare time, she prefers soap operas.
2.balanced adj.均衡的
(教材P28)have a healthy and balanced diet
拥有健康均衡的饮食
(1)balance n. 天平;平衡;余额
keep/lose/recover one’s balance
某人保持/失去/恢复平衡
keep a balance between A and B
保持A和B的平衡
(2)balance v. 平衡;权衡
balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①You have to balance the advantages of living abroad the disadvantages.
②It is necessary to keep a balance between the development of economy the protection of environment.
(2)完成句子
①有一个健康均衡的饮食十分重要,因为青少年仍在发育,他们的身体需要大量营养才能正常运作。(话题写作之饮食与健康)
It is important to since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well.
②突然,汤姆失去了平衡,摔倒在地,擦伤了他的手掌和膝盖。(读后续写之动作描写)
Suddenly, Tom and fell to the ground, scraping his palms and knees.
(教材P29)One’s health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise.一个人的健康不仅取决于饮食,也取决于运动和锻炼。
not only…but also…
句型公式
【句法分析】
(1)not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)not only…but also…连接的两个成分作主语时,谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则,即谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致。
(3)not only…but also…连接两个句子,且not only位于句首时,not only后面的句子要用部分倒装,但but also后的句子不倒装。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Not only the teacher but also the students (be) against the plan yesterday.
(2)完成句子
①参观者在这里不仅可以增长知识,而且重温了历史。(话题写作之历史与文化)
Visitors can , but also review history.
②不仅是这份礼物,还有孩子们对她的爱,让她非常感动。(读后续写之场景描写)
It was not only the gift, that moved her very much.
③一个微笑不仅能使我们快乐,也能使别人感到高兴。(读后续写之文末升华句)
Not only , but also it enables others to feel delighted.
Period Two Lesson 1 The Underdog (Reading)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①underdog n.处于劣势的人(队);弱方 ②fan n.迷;狂热爱好者 ③court n.(网球等的)球场 ④guy n.(非正式)男人,家伙 ⑤champion n.冠军,第一名 ⑥shot n.投球,击球 ⑦on one’s own独自地;独立地 ⑧inspiration n.激励,鼓舞;给人以灵感的人/物;灵感 ⑨make it(经历艰难困苦后)成功;做到 THE UNDERDOG① Part 1 Paul and I were on our school basketball team, The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge fans② of the NBA. When we weren’t playing on the court③ [1]which was next to our building, we were watching a game on TV. My favourite player was LeBron James. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy④ [2]who played for the Charlotte Hornets, [3]although we actually agree that they are both champions⑤. [1]which引导定语从句,修饰名词court。 [2]who引导定语从句,修饰名词guy。 [3]although引导让步状语从句;that引导宾语从句,作动词agree的宾语。 Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, [4]which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Guess what Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! Paul knew [5]that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots⑥ on his own⑦, he used Bogues as his inspiration⑧. Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it⑨, why not me ” 劣势者 第一部分 我和保罗都是学校狮子篮球队的队员。我们热爱篮球,都是NBA的超级球迷。我们不在大楼旁边的球场上打球,就在电视上看比赛。我最喜欢的球员是勒布朗·詹姆斯。保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯,博格斯为夏洛特黄蜂队效力。事实上,我们认为他们都是冠军。 博格斯身高只有一米六,是NBA史上最矮的球员。你猜怎么着 保罗身高也只有一米六!保罗知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。在他自己跳投的时候,他用博格斯激励自己。保罗有次说“如果博格斯能做到,为什么我不能呢 ”
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑩try out for sth 参加……选拔 make the team被选入队,成为队员 bench n.替补队员席 replacement n.替换的人(物) be tough on sb 对某人很苛刻 desire n.渴望 crash vi. & vt.猛撞 crash into猛撞,猛击 race v.(使)快速移动,快速运转 gather vi. & vt. 聚集,集合 gather around聚集 not…anymore 不再…… pack n. 包,包裹 vi.& vt. 把……包起来 no way不行,没门儿 sharply adv.严厉地,毫不客气地 give sb a shot让某人尝试一下 anyway adv.无论如何;反正 let sb down 使失望,辜负(别人的信任或期望) onto prep.到……上,向……上 extra adj.额外的,另外的 pay off 取得成功;奏效 keep up with 跟上,保持同步 energy n.力量,活力 crowd n.人群 clap vi.& vt.鼓掌,拍手 cheer v.欢呼;喝彩 earn vt.赢得;博得 [4]which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。 [5]第一个that引导宾语从句,其中动名词短语being shorter than other players作主语;第二个that也引导宾语从句。 Our coach was not so sure. Paul had to try out many times just for⑩ making the tea. He was still usually on the benc, [6]being just a replacemen, [7]which was really tough o him. Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone [8]who worked really hard and had a strong desir to play for the team. However, Paul didn’t get a chance. [6]画线部分为现在分词短语作状语。 [7]which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句。 [8]who引导定语从句,修饰不定代词someone。 This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team [9]whose record this season had been perfect. They hadn’t lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn’t know [10]he’d soon get the chance that he’d been waiting for. [9]whose引导定语从句,修饰名词team。 [10]画线部分为宾语从句,作动词know的宾语;that引导定语从句,修饰名词chance。 Part 2 Suddenly, a player and I crashed int each other. Pain race through my body. My knee hurt badly. The team gathered aroun, [11]looking worried. The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by 10 points. “I don’t think I can play anymor, coach,” I said quietly [12]as the doctor put an ice pac on my knee. [11]画线部分为现在分词短语作状语。 [12]as引导时间状语从句。 “No wa,” the coach replied sharpl. “We’ve got no more players!” “What about Paul ” someone suggested. “Paul ” said the coach. “He can’t play!” “Give him a sho, coach!” I said. “What have we got to lose ” “That’s right,” another player said. “We’re losing anywa. Let Paul play!” “Let me try, coach! I won’t let you dow!” Paul said. “OK, OK!” the coach finally agreed. “Don’t let us down, Paul. It’s your time to shine.” Paul jumped up and rushed ont the court. And clearly, all the extr hours [13]that he’d spent practising alone paid of. The other team just couldn’t keep up wit his energ and speed. He made shot after shot, and the crow couldn’t stop clappin and cheerin. When the game ended, our team had won by two points. “Well,” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “you’ve just earne your place on the team, big guy!” [13]that引导定语从句,修饰名词hours。 我们的教练并不这么看。保罗多次参加选拔,方才入选球队。然而,他通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员,这对他来说是真够难熬的。每个人都知道保罗有真本事,而且他非常努力,想为球队做出贡献。然而,保罗没有机会。 本周,狮子队正在与我们的劲敌熊队比赛,这是一支本赛季战绩完美的球队。他们没有输过一场比赛。这将是一场硬仗。保罗这时并不知道他很快就能拥有一直等待的机会。 第二部分 突然,我和一名球员撞到了一起,疼痛在我身上迅速蔓延。我的膝盖受伤严重。球队围在我身边,看起来很担心。最后一节即将开始,我们队已经落后10分。 我平静地说:“我可能不能继续上场了,教练。”医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上。 “不行,”教练斩钉截铁地回答,“我们没有别的球员了!” “保罗怎么样 ”有人建议。 “保罗 ”教练说,“他不行!” “给他个机会吧,教练!”我说,“我们还能损失什么呢 ” “没错,”另一名球员说,“不管怎样我们都要输了,让保罗上场吧!” “让我试试吧,教练!我不会让你失望的!”保罗说。 “好吧,好吧!”教练最终同意了。“别让我们失望,保罗。你发光发亮的时刻到了。” 保罗跳起来冲上球场。显然,他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。对手队跟不上他的力量和速度。他的进球一个接一个,人群不停地鼓掌欢呼。 比赛结束时,我们队以两分的优势赢得了比赛。 “嗯,”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说,“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置,‘大个子’!”
Step 1 Fast reading
Step 2 Careful reading
( )1.Who was the author’s favourite player
A.Paul. B.James.
C.Bogues. D.Charlotte.
( )2.How did Paul practise more in his training
A.He did lots of jump shots by himself.
B.He played lots of extra games with other teams.
C.He went to the gym to build up his energy and speed.
D.He often practised playing basketball with the author.
( )3.What happened to the author during the match
A.He fell over an ice pack.
B.He had a quarrel with the coach.
C.He hurt his arm badly in the game.
D.He crashed into another player.
( )4.Why was Paul offered the chance he had been waiting for
A.The team had no other players.
B.The coach was moved by his determination.
C.He had tried out many times for making the team.
D.The coach was sure of Paul’s skills and abilities.
( )5.What lesson can we learn from the passage
A.Time and tide wait for no man.
B.A good beginning is half done.
C.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Step 3 Summary
Paul was on his school basketball team, The Lions. Being only 1.6 metres tall, Paul had to practise harder 1. other players. His favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, the 2.
(short) player ever in the NBA. And he believed that he could also make himself be a basketball player, just as Bogues did. Paul practised really hard and had a strong desire 3. (play) for the team. However, the coach didn’t have much 4. (confident) in Paul. As a result, Paul was always on the bench, being just a replacement.
This week, a game was played between The Lions 5. The Bears, a team 6. hadn’t lost a single game this season. During the match, one of the players got 7. (bad) hurt and couldn’t play anymore. The coach was worried and finally 8. (agree) to give Paul a shot. To the great delight of the coach, Paul did quite well and helped the team win the game by two 9. (point). And clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent 10. (practise) alone paid off.
1.company n.公司;一群人;陪伴,做伴
(教材P30)a company that never wins
一个永远不会成功的公司
keep sb company 给某人做伴;陪伴某人
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each other’s company.
②In the face of the increasing cost of material, the company decided to put up the price of its products.
(2)完成句子
我写信向你表示感谢,感谢你在我困难时陪伴我。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I’m writing to express my thanks to you for when I was in trouble.
2.try out for sth 参加……选拔
(教材P30)Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.
保罗多次参加选拔,方才入选球队。
try on 试穿
try one’s best (to do sth) 尽某人最大努力(做某事)
try one’s luck 碰一碰运气
try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事(采取不同的方式/方法尝试)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Nobody answers the front door. Let’s try (knock) at the back door.
②It may be said that the teacher has tried his very best (educate) and help him.
③Try clothing and shoes to make sure they fit before you decide to pay.
(2)完成句子
我建议你去参加篮球队的选拔,毕竟你也不会有什么损失。(应用文写作之建议信)
I advise you to the basketball team. After all, you have nothing to lose.
3.desire n.渴望;欲望;愿望 vt. 渴望,想要
(教材P30)Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
每个人都知道保罗有真本事,而且他非常努力,想为球队做出贡献。
(1)have a desire for…/to do…
渴望……/做……
meet/satisfy one’s desire 满足某人的愿望
(2)desire sth 渴望(得到)某物
desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
desire that… 希望……(从句谓语常用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,should可以省略)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①She desires her children (pursue) their passions and follow their dreams.
②She has a strong desire knowledge and wants to go to college very much.
(2)完成句子/句式升级
①此外,我还强烈希望利用自己的专业知识致力于国家的发展和建设。(应用文写作之申请信)
Additionally, I devote myself to the development and construction of our country by using my professional knowledge.
②After many years’ hard train, he desires to win a gold medal in the next Olympic Games.
→After many years’ hard train, he in the next Olympic Games. (虚拟语气)
4.sharply adv.严厉地,毫不客气地;急剧地,突然大幅度地;鲜明地
(教材P31)“No way,” the coach replied sharply.
“不行,”教练斩钉截铁地回答。
(1)sharp adj. 灵敏的,锋利的;急剧的,明显的;尖锐的;强烈的
(2)sharpen vt. (使)变得锋利;使明朗;(使)提高,改善
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①He turned (sharp),and there,just above him on the branch of a tree, sat a large parrot.
②A workman must (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.
(2)一词多义
①“There’s no use in crying like that!” Alice said to the boy, rather sharply.
②Their experiences contrast sharply with those of other children.
5.let sb down 使失望,辜负(别人的信任或期望)
(教材P31)Don’t let us down, Paul. It’s your time to shine.
别让我们失望,保罗。你发光发亮的时刻到了。
let out 发出;放出;泄露;把(衣服)加宽
let sb/sth in 让某人/某物进来
let alone 更不用说
let sb alone 让某人独自待着;不打扰某人
【活学活用】
完成句子
①两个男孩没有让她失望,学习成绩一直在班上名列前茅。
The two boys didn’t , with greatest marks in classmates.
②突然一只手碰了她的肩膀,她发出一声尖叫。(读后续写之动作描写)
Suddenly a hand touched her shoulder, and she .
③他不会开小轿车,更不用说是卡车了。
He can’t drive a car, a truck.
6.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;还清债务
(教材P31)And clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practising alone paid off.
显然,他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。
pay for 支付;为……付出代价
pay back 偿还;报复;回报
pay a visit to 参观, 拜访
pay (no) attention to 注意/不理会
【活学活用】
根据汉语提示完成句子
① (他所有的努力得到了回报), and he was finally selected for the school team.
② (参观)historic sites enables us to get exposed to our history and culture in depth, which, to some extent, strengthens our national confidence and pride. (话题写作之历史与文化)
③The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie (不理会)him and requested to see the manager.
7.keep up with 跟上,保持同步
(教材P31)The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.
对手队跟不上他的力量和速度。
keep up one’s spirits 振作起来,打起精神
keep (it) up 继续下去,坚持下去
keep on (doing sth) 继续(做某事)
keep out of 不准入内;使置身于……
之外
keep away from 避开;离开
keep sth in mind/keep it in mind that…
记住……
【活学活用】
完成句子
①学生们唱了一路歌,以使情绪高昂。(读后续写之场景描写)
The students sang all the way to .
②英语老师通常引领生活新风尚,紧跟时代潮流。(话题写作之记人叙事)
English teachers often lead the new fashion of life and closely the times.
③我养成了早起的好习惯,但我不知道我是否能坚持下去。(话题写作之健康生活)
I’ve formed the good habit of getting up early, but I wonder if I can .
④英语在未来是否会持续变化这个问题很容易回答,因为这个过程肯定会继续下去。(话题写作之语言学习)
The question whether English in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.
⑤必须铭记:除了努力工作,成功没有秘诀。(读后续写之哲理句)
It must that there is no secret of success but hard work.
8.energy n.力量,活力,精力; 能量,能源
(教材P31)The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.
对手队跟不上他的力量和速度。
(1)be full of energy 精力充沛
(2)energetic adj. 精力充沛的
(3)energize v. 使充满热情;给(某人)增添能量(或精力、活力、干劲)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Morning exercise makes me feel fresh and (energy) throughout the whole day.
②Keep a thriving plant near the front entrance to your home, where it can (energy) and uplift you on a daily basis.
(2)完成句子
我的叔叔是个中年人,但他充满活力。(话题写作之记人叙事)
My uncle is a middle-aged man, but he .
9.crowd n.人群;一伙人 vt. & vi.挤满,挤
(教材P31)…and the crowd couldn’t stop clapping and cheering. ……人群不停地鼓掌欢呼。
(1)a crowd of 一群;一堆
crowds of 大量的,成群的
(2)crowd in (on sb) 涌上(心头)
crowd into 涌入;挤进
(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的
be crowded with 充满,装满,挤满
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Wherever the film star goes, there are (crowd) of people waiting to see her.
②The bus was so (crowd) that I had to stand all the way to school.
③During holidays and weekends, hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded tourists.
④As industry developed, more and more people crowded cities from the countryside.
(2)完成句子
每当我看到这些照片,许多美好的回忆就涌上心头。(读后续写之心理描写)
Whenever I see the pictures, many happy memories .
(教材P30)Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.博格斯身高只有一米六,是NBA史上最矮的球员。
make+宾语+宾语补足语
句型公式
【句法分析】
make作及物动词时, 意为“使某人/某物做什么/怎么样”,其后除接名词或代词作宾语外, 还要在宾语后面加上宾语补足语, 组成复合宾语。
(1)“make+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语”意为“使……处于某种状态”,此处的形容词一般表示人的感受或情绪。
(2)“make+宾语+名词(短语)”意为“使/让某人成为……; 使……当……”(宾语一般是人,表示职位的名词前通常不加冠词)。
(3)“make+宾语+不带to的动词不定式”意为“使/让某人做……”, 宾语一般是人(这种结构中的动词不定式在被动语态中必须带上to)。
(4)“make+宾语+现在分词(短语)”意为“使……一直做某事”。
(5)“make+宾语+过去分词(短语)”意为“使/让别人做某事,使/让某事/物被……”, 宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
[温馨提示] 当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时,为了使句子保持平衡,常用 it 作形式宾语, 而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面, 即“make+it+名词/形容词+不定式短语/宾语从句”。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Because of his limited English, he is afraid that he can’t make himself (understand).
②She makes it a rule (keep) her room neat and tidy after coming back from school.
③It is impolite of you to make the guests (wait) outside for such a long time.
④The little kid cannot be made (do)such a difficult task.
⑤They want to make clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
(2)完成句子
众所周知,网络使我们的生活变得容易、方便。(话题写作之网络科技)
As we all know, the Internet .
Period Three Lesson 2 Rules of the Game
1.announcement n.通告,公告
(教材P34)Listen to an announcement and two conversations about sports.
听一个公告和两个关于体育的对话。
(1)make an announcement 发布通知
(2)announce vt. 通告,宣告
announce sth (to sb) (向某人)宣布/宣告
某事
It is announced that… 据宣布……
(3)announcer n. 广播员
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①After the president made an official (announce), she expressed her personal opinion.
②The teacher announced us the experiment result at the beginning of the class.
(2)完成句子
据宣布,学校希望他在学校的音乐会上独唱。(话题写作之学校生活)
the school would like him to play solo at the school musical concert.
2.defence n.防御,保卫;防御能力;防御物;防守队员,后卫
(教材P35)Our defence was excellent!
我们的防守非常出色!
(1)in defence of 为了防御;为了保护;为……辩解
in sb’s defence 为某人辩护
(2)defend vt. 保卫,保护
defend…from/against… 保卫……以免受……
defend oneself 为自己辩护;自卫
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I have to say in her (defend) that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
②When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend (I).
③The flood bank was built to defend the road being washed away by the sea.
(2)词汇升级
More and more women today have learned to arise to protect their legal rights.
→More and more women today have learned to arise their legal rights. (介词短语)
3.remind vt.提醒;使想起
(教材P103)Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence.
观众被提醒关闭手机或把手机调成静音状态。
(1)remind sb of (doing) sth
提醒某人(做)某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事
remind sb that… 提醒某人……/使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 提醒人的事物
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Please remind me (finish) the composition on time.
②She waved goodbye to him with a (remind) to check his email box.
③This photo always reminds me my childhood.
(2)句式改写
Although they are reminded not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.
→ , some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.(过去分词短语作状语)
4.case n.状况,具体情况;案件;事例,实例
(教材P104)…in case anything happens.
……以防发生什么事。
in case of 如果发生……;若在……情况下;万一
in case 假使,如果;以防;以防万一
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
in some cases 在某些情况下
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话
[温馨提示] (1)in case of 后接名词、代词或动名词; in case 后接句子或用在句末。
(2)case表示“具体情况”,若有定语从句修饰,后面的定语从句多用where或in which引导。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Have you ever had the case you are wronged although you did a good deed
(2)根据汉语提示完成句子
①There was also a bit worry that he might suffer a blow (万一) a failure.
②Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, (以防它损坏) during the shaking and could not open.
③He told himself firmly that (他决不能输掉这场重要的比赛).(倒装句)
④ (情况常常如此), something valueless to adults means a lot to children.
5.quit v. (quit/quitted;quit/quitted;quitting)停止(做某事);戒掉;辞职;离开
(教材P104)…I hurt myself and had to quit the race halfway.
……我受伤了,不得不中途退出比赛。
quit (doing) sth 停止(做)某事
quit school 辍学,退学
quit one’s/the job 辞职
quit as… 辞去……职位
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It’s time that you quit (play) online games and got down to business.
②If I can’t get more pay, I will quit manager of the company.
(2)完成句子
他的抱怨让我实在忍受不了了,于是我辞职了。
His complaints were more than I could put up with, so I .
6.occupy vt.占有,占据(时间、空间等);担任;使从事,使忙碌
(教材P104)I know you’ve had lots to occupy your time…
我知道你有许多事情会占用你的时间……
(1)occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth
忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 已占用的;无空闲的
be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth=be busy with sth/doing sth 忙于(做)某事
keep sb occupied 使某人忙碌
(3)occupation n. 职业;占领
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The museum has enough exhibits to keep anyone (occupy) for an hour or two.
②You should choose an (occupy) based on your interests, not just the salary.
(2)词汇升级/一句多译
①She is so busy with housework that she seldom takes part in social activities.
→She is so housework that she seldom takes part in social activities.
②这位年轻的母亲忙于照顾她的孩子, 没有时间锻炼。
→The young mother her child and has no spare time to work out.
→The young mother her child and has no spare time to work out.
7.disappointment n.令人失望的人/事
(教材P104)It was such a disappointment.
真是令人失望。
(1)to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是
(2)disappoint vt. 使失望
(3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的,令人
扫兴的(常修饰物)
(4)disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的(常修饰人)
be disappointed at/by sth 对某事失望
be disappointed in/with sb/sth 对某人/某事失望
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①To my great (disappoint), my favourite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.
②The beaches were great, but the service at some of the hotels was (disappoint).
(2)完成句子
杰克目睹了一切,对列车长如何对待这个可怜的女人感到失望。(读后续写之情感描写)
Jake how the conductor treated the poor woman.
Period Four Lesson 3 Running and Fitness (Reading)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①be fed up with 厌烦,对……不满,无法再忍受 ②all the time一直 ③awkward adj.令人尴尬的 ④particular adj.特定的 in particular尤其,特别 ⑤benefit n.好处,益处 ⑥membership n.会员身份 ⑦equipment n.设备,装备 ⑧capable adj.能干的;能力强的 be capable of有能力做 ⑨prevent vt.预防;阻止,阻挡 ⑩disease n.疾病 upper adj.较上的,上面的 flow n.流动 vi.流,流动 oxygen n.氧 strengthen vi.& vt.(使)强健 immune adj.免疫的;有免疫力的 system n.系统 immune system免疫系统 down adj.沮丧的,情绪低落的 cheer up(使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来 relief n.减轻,缓解 ache n.隐痛 tension n.紧张;紧张局势 due to由于,因为 stress n.压力 warm up热身 cool down(使)冷却,(使)降温;(使)冷静,(使)镇定 properly adv.正确地;适当地 guideline n.指导方针,指导原则 click vi. & vt. 点击(鼠标) RUNNING AND FITNESS I’m a bit fed up with① getting sick all the time②. And I feel awkward③ failing PE exams. My friend suggested I should try long-distance running. Do you think it will help Jeremy, 16 years old Hi Jeremy, Thanks for your question. As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular④ has a lot of benefits⑤. It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership⑥ or any special equipment⑦. Just a pair of good running shoes will do. Then, keep it up. There is also no better way to know yourself and to see [1]what you are capable of⑧. [1]what引导宾语从句,作动词see的宾语。 You are also somebody [2]who worries about getting sick. Running will help you get fit and prevent⑨ diseases⑩. It will give you good uppe and lower body strength. Like any exercise, running increases the flo of blood and oxyge to your brain. It makes your heart stronger and allows more blood to flow around your body. It also strengthenyour immune syste and reduces the risk of serious health problems, as well as more common illnesses like colds. Besides, anybody [3]who is feeling dow can go for a run [4]to cheer themselves u. Even a thirty-minute run will provide relie from ache or tensio [5]that you may be suffering due t stres. [2]who引导定语从句,修饰代词somebody。 [3]who引导定语从句,修饰代词anybody。 [4]画线部分为不定式短语作目的状语。 [5]that引导定语从句,修饰名词aches or tension。 If you are new to running, here is some advice for you—[6]it is important to warm u and cool dow properl before and after running, so you do not hurt yourself. A warm-up gets your blood flowing faster and prepares your body before you exercise. After a long run, you should jog slowly for ten minutes, then walk for five minutes. Such kind of warm-down relaxes your body after exercise. [6]画线部分中,it作形式主语,不定式短语to warm up and cool down properly before and after running作真正的主语。 For more guideline on running, clic here. I hope this will help! Best Regards, Dr.Martin 跑步与健身 我有点受够总是生病了。体育考试不及格也让我尴尬。我的朋友建议我试试长跑。您觉得长跑有帮助吗 杰瑞米,16岁 嗨!杰瑞米: 感谢你的问题。正如人们常说的,运动总比不运动好,特别是长跑有很多益处。 对于初学者来说,这是一项很棒的运动,你不需要健身房会员或任何特殊的设备。只要一双好跑鞋就行了。然后,坚持。跑步是了解自己最好的方法,看看自己能做到哪一步。 你也是一个担心自己会生病的人。跑步会帮助你变得健康并预防疾病。它会让你拥有很棒的上肢和下肢力量。像任何运动一样,跑步会增加血液流通并向大脑输送氧气。它让你的心脏更强壮,并让更多的血液在你的身体里流动。它还能强化你的免疫系统,降低患严重健康问题的风险,以及患常见疾病的几率,例如感冒。此外,心情低落的人会选择跑步让自己振作起来。即使跑30分钟也能缓解你因压力而感到的疼痛或紧张。 如果你刚开始跑步,我有一些建议给你——跑步前和跑步后做适当的热身和放松活动很重要,这样你就不会伤到自己。热身会促进血液流动更快,在运动前让你的身体做好准备。长跑后,你应该再慢跑十分钟,然后步行五分钟。这种舒缓运动可以使你的身体在运动后得到放松。 有关跑步的更多指导,请点击此处。希望能有所帮助! 致以最好的问候, 马丁博士
Step 1 Fast reading
Step 2 Careful reading
( )1.Which of the following is one of Jeremy’s problems
A.He has put on lots of weight.
B.He couldn’t pass PE exams.
C.He is fed up with regular physical exercise.
D.He can’t be used to long-distance running.
( )2.Which of the following is a requirement for a long-distance running beginner
A.A gym membership.
B.Some special equipment.
C.A pair of good running shoes.
D.Strong upper and lower body strength.
( )3.What should one do after long-distance running
A.Jog slowly for some time.
B.Do some warm-up exercise.
C.Share feelings with other runners.
D.Lie down and have a short sleep.
( )4.What should one do to do the right amount of running
A.Make a suitable training plan.
B.Take shortcuts.
C.Set your goals as high as possible.
D.Run for 20 minutes every day.
( )5.What can we infer from the second rule
A.Running trains one’s body better than one’s mind.
B.It is unusual for one to give up running half-way.
C.The more persistent you are, the easier it may become to run.
D.Running has more benefits than other sports activities.
Step 3 Summary
Jeremy suffered from health problems, and his friend 1. (suggest) that he try long-distance running. Not knowing 2. long-distance running was really helpful, Jeremy wrote to Dr.Martin, 3. (ask) him for advice. In response to Jeremy, Dr.Martin said that long-distance running was 4. great sport for beginners. In Dr.Martin’s opinion, runners may enjoy lots of 5. (benefit) from the exercise. By taking up the exercise and keeping it up, runners can keep healthy and stay away 6. diseases. Running is also a good way to 7. (strength) one’s immune system and help anyone who is feeling down to cheer 8. (they) up. After half an hour’s run, one may suffer less aches and feel less 9. (stress).
10. (avoid) being injured, Dr.Martin advised Jeremy to warm up and cool down properly before and after running.
1.relieve v.解除;减轻,缓和
(教材P36)to relieve tension 缓解压力
(1)relieve sb of… 减轻某人……方面的负担
(2)relief n. (焦虑、沮丧、痛苦等的)
减轻,消除;救济
with/in relief 宽慰地
(much)to one’s relief 使某人(非常)宽慰的是
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是一种宽慰/放松。
(3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的,放心的,显得开心的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Much to the mother’s (relieve), her son was eventually admitted to a key university.
②All her family members and relatives were (relieve) to hear that she was out of danger.
③The money would more or less relieve her the family burden.
(2)完成句子
①音乐帮助我们缓解我们的压力和焦虑,放松我们的整个身体,得到一种极大的幸福感。(话题写作之健康生活)
Music helps us , relax our whole body and get a great sense of well-being.
②我们成功地爬上了直升机,放松地深吸了一口气。(读后续写之动作描写)
We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter, breathing deeply .
2.strengthen vi. & vt. (使)强健;加强
(教材P36)to strengthen one’s immune system
增强某人的免疫系统
strength n. 强烈程度;体力,力气;优势,长处
build up one’s strength 强身健体
use/with all one’s strength 用尽某人所有的力气
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles,avoid hills and get good running shoes.
(2)完成句子
①他用尽全力抓住栅栏,奋力站起来。(读后续写之动作描写)
, he struggled to raise himself up by holding on to the fence. (非谓语)
②定期进行体育锻炼可以增强我们的力量。(话题写作之运动与健康)
Doing physical exercises on a regular basis can .
3.cheer up (使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来
(教材P36)to cheer one up 让某人振作起来
(1)cheer v. 欢呼;喝彩;加油
n. 欢呼声;喝彩声
cheer sb on 为某人加油助威
cheer for 为……而欢呼
(2)Cheers! [口语] (用于祝酒)干杯!
(3)cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①At first sight, the overall scene of life in the capital city appears peaceful and (cheer).
②Her performance on stage earned her recognition from the crowd, who applauded and cheered her outstanding skills.
(2)完成句子
①我的朋友和我决定给养老院的老人写信让他们高兴起来,我们想让他们知道没有人被遗忘。(话题写作之志愿服务)
My friends and I decided in the nursing home by writing them letters. We wanted them to know that nobody was being forgotten.
②瞥了一眼正在为他加油的妈妈,他立刻又变得精神抖擞起来。(读后续写之动作描写)
Glancing at his mother, , he immediately became energetic again.
4.particular adj.特定的
(教材P37)…but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
……特别是长跑有很多益处。
(1)be particular about… 对……挑剔,对……讲究
(2)in particular 尤其,特别,格外
(3)particularly adv. 尤其,特别
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①He was (particular) interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”.
②It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song particular.
(2)完成句子
我对衣服不讲究。换句话说,我不介意我穿什么。
I’m not . In other words, I don’t mind what I wear.
5.benefit n.利益,好处 v.有益于,有助于,使受益
(教材P37)…but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
……特别是长跑有很多益处。
(1)sth benefit(s) sb 某事对某人有益
sb benefit(s) from/by sth 某人从某事中受益
(2)for the benefit of… 为了……的利益
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的,有利的
be beneficial to…=be of benefit to…
对……有利
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Several studies have shown that listening to music can be highly (benefit).
②As we know, books are the source of knowledge and we can benefit a great deal reading.
③We must make efforts to take exercise the benefit of our health.
(2)一句多译
总之,垃圾分类是一项将有益于子孙后代的有价值的事业。(话题写作之环境保护)
→In a word, garbage classification is a worthwhile cause which future generations. (benefit n.)
→In a word, garbage classification is a worthwhile cause which future generations. (beneficial adj.)
6.prevent vt.预防;阻止,阻挡
(教材P37)Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases.跑步会帮助你变得健康并预防疾病。
(1)prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth
阻止某人做某事
keep…from… 阻止……
(2)prevention n. 预防;防止;防范
[温馨提示] 在主动语态中,stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from;而keep…from doing sth中的from不可省略,keep sb doing sth 意为“使某人一直做某事”。在被动语态里,这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from (try).
②The findings show a critical need to invest in disaster (prevent).
(2)完成句子
David had a brain disease (from) walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. (定语从句)
大卫患有脑部疾病,无法像其他孩子一样走路或跑步,但在学校里,他的同学们认为他是个普通的孩子。
7.satisfaction n.满意;满足
(教材P38)Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work were worth it in the end. 你最终会发现所有的汗水和辛劳都是值得的,没什么比这更令人满足了。
(1)to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地,心满意足地
a sense of satisfaction 一种满足感
(2)satisfy vt. 使满意,使满足
(3)satisfied adj. 满意的,满足的
be satisfied with… 对……感到满意
(4)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的;够好的;
可以的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①She looked at the finished painting with (satisfy).
②He was quite (satisfy)with his life but didn’t care about being famous or leading a comfortable life.
③It is very (satisfy)to know that the project is a success.
(2)完成句子
令他非常满意的是,他终于实现了他一生的梦想。
, he finally achieved his lifelong dream.
(教材P37)As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
正如人们常说的,运动总比不运动好,特别是长跑有很多益处。
as引导的非限制性定语从句
句型公式
【句法分析】
(1)as people often say是非限制性定语从句,as代替整个主句的内容。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”,后边的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。常用搭配有:as we all know,as is known to all,as everybody can see, as is expected等。如:
He did the experiment successfully,as had been expected.
正如所期望的那样,他实验做得很成功。
(3)as引导非限制性定语从句时位置比较灵活,可位于主句之前、之中和之后。如:
As is well known, this kind of computer is out of date.
=This kind of computer, as is well known, is out of date.
=This kind of computer is out of date, as is well known.
众所周知,这种计算机过时了。
【活学活用】
完成句子
①众所周知,自实行改革开放政策以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
to all,great changes have taken place in China since the adoption of the reform and opening up policy.
②正如上周所报道的那样, 他们将要发射另外一颗人造卫星。 (话题写作之宇宙探索)
They will send up another man-made satellite, last week.
③正如报告所显示的那样,在过去的两个月里,这座城市的空气质量已有所改善。(应用文写作之新闻报道)
The air quality in the city, in the report, has improved over the past two months.
④如你所见,我们已经连续工作了两周没有休息了。
, we have been working for two weeks without a rest.
Period Five Grammar
定语从句之关系代词
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),其中that,which,who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom作宾语,whose用作定语。
一、基本用法
1.指人用who, whom, that。作主语时用who, that,且不可省略;作宾语时用who, whom, that,且可以省略。如:
Visitors that/who come from different places are deeply attracted by the scenery there.
来自不同地方的参观者被那儿的景色深深地吸引了。(指人,作主语)
He is the man(who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(指人,作宾语)
2.指物用which, that。作主语时不可省略;作宾语时可以省略。如:
Guilin is a city which/that has a history of over 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2000多年历史的城市。(指物,作主语)
The report(that/which)Mr Turner handed in was about the motorbike race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。(指物,作宾语)
3.whose既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中作定语(whose+n.=the+n.+of whom/which)。如:
This is the female scientist, whose name (=the name of whom) is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。
He lives in a room, whose window (=the window of which) faces north.
他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。
4.在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,指人用whom,指物用which。如:
I made some friends from whom I learned a lot after I came here.
我来到这儿以后,交了一些朋友,从他们那儿我学到了许多东西。(作介词宾语,指人用whom)
The house in which Bardo lived was situated on the side of the street nearest the hill.
巴多居住的房屋坐落在最靠近小山的街道的一侧。(作介词宾语,指物用which)
二、that与which的区别
1.在以下情况中用that不用which:
①当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。如:
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
有关此事,请告诉我你所知道的。
②当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或the very,the only,the same等修饰时。如:
This is the most interesting storybook that I have ever read.
这是我读过最有趣的故事书。
③当先行词既指人又指物时。如:
They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
④当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。如:
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth
哪个是离地球比较近的恒星
2.在以下情况中用which不用that:
①在非限制性定语从句中。如:
He has a walk every night, which does good to him.
他每晚都散步,这对他有好处。
②在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。如:
The house in which we live is very large.
我们住的房子非常大。
③为了避免重复,一个用that,另一个则用which。如:
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看那本我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.She recognised the voice belonged to the man had attacked her.
2.They talked about their classmates and things they still remember in middle school.
3.The tiny insect eyes are fixed on the cabbage shows great interest in the vegetable.
4.The most important thing we should consider is the first idea he has mentioned in his speech.
5.Do you still remember the chicken farm, we visited three months ago
6.Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.
7.We should make a decision about Mr King, story I have just told you.
8.The only thing we should do is get some food.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.Wolves are highly social animals cooperation.
狼是高度群体化的动物,其成功依赖合作。
2.Finally he reached a lonely island from the outside world.
最后,他来到一个与外界隔绝的孤岛上。
3.This girl is familiar to me;maybe she is the girl in the street yesterday.
我对这个女孩很熟悉,也许她就是我昨天在街上遇到的那个女孩。
4.The dog is the only thing on the earth more than he loves himself.
狗是世界上唯一爱你胜过爱自己的动物。
不定代词
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。英语中的不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone),all,each,both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。本课讲的是some, any, every, no和one, body, thing一起构成的代词,这些代词叫复合不定代词。
一、复合不定代词的构成和含义
某 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody no one/ nobody
物 something anything everything nothing
二、复合不定代词的基本用法
1.一般情况下,some/every构成的复合不定代词,其作用和some/every相同,用于肯定句;any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句;no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义,用于否定句。如:
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
She seemed to have everything—good look, money and intelligence.
她似乎什么都有——美貌、金钱和智慧。
Does anyone else want to come
还有人想来吗
Nobody realizes how bad things are.
没人意识到事情是多么糟糕。
2.如果疑问句表示请求、建议,并且希望对方做出肯定回答,用something不用anything。如:
Would you like something to eat
你要吃点东西吗
3.anything或anyone/anybody用于肯定句时,含义为“任何事”“任何人”。如:
We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from happening.
我们希望阻止任何不愉快的事发生。
Anybody/Anyone can see that it’s wrong.
随便哪个人都可以看出这是错的。
4.复合不定代词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:
Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。
Something has gone wrong with the radio.
收音机出毛病了。
5.形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。如:
Did you see anything strange last night
你昨晚看到什么奇怪的东西了吗
三、复合不定代词的一些特殊用法
复合不定代词的否定:
1.表示部分否定用“not every-”或“every-…not”,意为“并非都,不都”。如:
Read this story, and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
读这个故事,你会意识到并不是所有的东西都能用钱买到。
Not everyone can be as lucky as we are.
不是所有人都能像我们这么幸运。
2.“not any-”和“no-”均表示全部否定。如:
There is nothing wrong with the car.
=There isn’t anything wrong with the car.
这汽车一点儿毛病也没有。
四、nobody/no one, nothing与none辨析
1.nobody/no one只能指人,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,常回答what引导的疑问句;none既可指人,也可指物,常回答how many, how much 引导的疑问句。如:
—Who is in the room
—No one/Nobody.
“谁在屋里 ”
“没有人。”
—What are you doing now
—Nothing.
“你现在在做什么 ”
“什么也没有做。”
—How much money do you have
—None.
“你有多少钱 ”
“一点也没有。”
2.none和nothing后面可跟of短语,而no one/nobody却不能。如:
None of the trains is/are going to London.
这些列车都不去伦敦。
The man knows nothing of history.
这个人对历史一无所知。
五、复合不定代词构成的固定搭配
常见的有:anything but 决不,根本不;nothing but仅仅,只有;anyone/anybody but 除了……外的任何人;something of称得上,有点。如:
The problem is anything but easy.
这个问题根本不容易。
You never think of anyone but yourself.
你从来不考虑别人,就只顾你自己。
He is something of a fighter, and will certainly want to win. 他可谓是一个斗士,当然想赢。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 用适当的复合不定代词填空
1.Would you like delicious to eat, David
2.Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly left in the house.
3.I don’t want to be else. I just want to be myself.
4.—What else do you need, sir
— else. I’ve got enough. Thanks.
5.—How much juice is there in the fridge
— . Let’s go to the supermarket and buy some after supper.
6.It’s reported that a bus fell into a river yesterday. Luckily, was hurt.
7.Tom! You’re no longer a three-year-old kid. I can cook dinner for you, but don’t expect me to do for you. Go and tidy your room!
8.A reward of $5,000 will be offered to who finds the stolen painting.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1. . Why not have a picnic in the countryside
城里没什么有趣的事。为什么不去乡下野餐呢
2.If you want to keep your teeth healthy, sweet a lot.
如果你想保持牙齿健康,你最好不要多吃甜食。
3. because it was kept secret.
他们当中没人知道那项计划,因为那是个秘密。
4.Make a habit of reading and cheerful every day.
养成每天读一些鼓舞人心、令人愉快的东西的习惯。
5.Try to be independent, .
尽量独立,因为你的父母不可能一辈子为你做所有的事情。
6.The meeting will be held in September, .
会议将在九月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。
7. . is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何一个人求助。这里的每个人都愿意帮助你。Period Five Grammar
语法专练——动词不定式
●Ⅰ 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.We’ll do what we can (help) the editor polish the article before publication.
2.For more than once, our head teacher asks us (develop) the habit of having a healthy lifestyle .
3.Though he often made his little sister cry, today he was made (cry) by her.
4.All in all , actively communicating is the best way (keep) a good relationship with people around you.
5.She should be the first student (arrive) at the finish line, which was beyond our expectations .
●Ⅱ 翻译句子
1.I think it’s challenging but necessary for you .
我认为你学习一门第二语言是有挑战性的,但是很有必要。
2.She was an event promoting popular science in her community.
她是唯一一个在她的社区组织推广大众科学活动的人。
3.As a volunteer , the girl often visits sick kids in the hospital .
作为一名志愿者,这个女孩经常去医院看望生病的孩子,来使他们振作起来。
4.He feels it his duty .
他认为帮助那些处于困境中的人是他的责任。
词法专练——(v.-ed & v.-ing)形容词
●Ⅲ 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Upon hearing the news, she definitely wore a (disappoint) look on her face.
2.All the people fixed their eyes on me, which made me feel very (embarrass).
3.In the city, you can enjoy an (amaze) view from the Sky Tower, which is the city’s tallest tower.
4.The tight schedule left me (stress) out and wanting to go to bed early.
5.Listening to the expert ‘s (inspire) speech, we were determined to make great efforts.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1. that his name escaped me for the moment.
令人尴尬的是,我一时想不起他的名字了。
2.As a native Spanish speaker, I am learning more about different cultures and languages.
作为一个母语为西班牙语的人,我有兴趣了解更多不同的文化和语言。
3. have told me that he cares about me very much.
他担忧的眼神已经告诉我他很关心我。
●Ⅴ 阅读理解
A
To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books. Yet one may be at a loss to choose the right books, especially as a beginner. As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience.
My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it. It was not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time. My enthusiasm was much recovered after reading Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms. No long and complicated sentences. And I particularly liked his brief and straightforward (易懂的) style. So my first suggestion is, as a beginner, you’d better choose contemporary novels instead of classical ones.
However, if you limit yourself to novels, you will miss a lot of treasures. English essays can at once inform you, entertain you, and improve your taste in English. The best example is Bertrand Russell’s work. His simple language enables his philosophy within the reach of ordinary people. Here comes my second suggestion—essays are necessary.
Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine for ourselves. As a saying goes, one man’s meat is another man’s poison. With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favourite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English.
( )1.What made the first English novel that the author read hard to understand
A.Complicated conversations.
B.Sentences and Austen’s thinking style.
C.The old-fashioned vocabulary.
D.Not knowing the social background.
( )2.Which word can best describe the author’s first English novel reading experience
A.Terrible.
B.Challenging .
C.Enjoyable.
D.Inspirational.
( )3.What advice does the author give in the last paragraph
A.Choose books that challenge us most.
B.Read books that are instructive.
C.Don’t be affected by others’ ideas.
D.Compare books before buying.
( )4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A.Give comments on literature works.
B.Tell beginners how to choose English books.
C.Encourage people to read more English books.
D.Recommend first-class books to English learners.
B
Dr Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own understanding of the “soul”. Here was the “teacher” asking us what we thought—it was really an exciting experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom.
Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who “taught” me during that year, I remember they “taught” me the history of Greek philosophy (哲学), but I remember little of that history and nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr Degenaar’s class, for my own interest.
I took further courses with Dr Degenaar in the following years. Like the first class, there was little “lecturing” at us, but far more involvement (参与) of us all in a process of common discovery in which we learned a lot about each other and the key points of the day. The excitement of discovery stays with me. Then it took me almost another 20 years to get a deeper understanding of what had happened in that lecture hall: experiential learning.
Traditionally, learners have been seen as “empty containers” waiting to be “filled” with learning given to them by the teacher. The learner is, therefore, dependent on the teacher for what to think and how to pliance (遵从) is rewarded and so independent and original thinking is not developed.
In comparison, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself, not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a “teacher” or a “lecturer” says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it.
( )5.Which word best describes the author’s first Greek philosophy class given by Dr Degenaar
A.Boring.
B.Amazing.
C.Confusing.
D.Depressing.
( )6.Why does the author compare Dr Degenaar and the other lecturers
A.To praise Dr Degenaar’s attitude to his job.
B.To stress Dr Degenaar’s great influence on him.
C.To point out Dr Degenaar’s popularity among students.
D.To show the author’s deep interest in Greek philosophy.
( )7.How does experiential learning differ from traditional learning
A.It has no specific learning places.
B.It applies knowledge to medical care.
C.It encourages independent thinking.
D.It focuses more on the result of learning.
( )8.What is the text mainly about
A.A respected teacher.
B.A favourite university lesson.
C.The factors of experiential learning.
D.An effective learning method.
●Ⅵ 语法填空
It’s been nearly seven years since a group of volunteers grew flowers at What Cheer Flower Farm in Rhode Island, with a simple goal : get flowers into the hands of anyone in need. Best of all, each one of the tens of thousands of flowers that What Cheer grows and 1. (deliver) is completely free of charge.
What Cheer was founded by two gardeners 2. often gave away flowers from their own gardens and wanted the idea to grow. What Cheer 3. (regular) brings joy to people at local hospitals, wishing them a quick 4. (recover). “Seeing the 5. (satisfy) smiles on people’s faces who weren’t expecting it is great,” says Stephen Hogan Jr. from the farm.
What Cheer’s flower beds lie in an industrial neighbourhood that once 6. (house) a knife factory. In May, the non-profit farm was awarded 7. $500,000 prize from the Environmental Protection Agency for its continued efforts 8. (bring) life to the once polluted land.
“Not only do we give this space back to the neighbourhood,” says Achen, “but we are also an eco-friendly spot with the ability to help local insect and bird 9. (population), and that’ll only make people’s lives better.” What Cheer indeed can cheer people 10. ! What’s good about a flower is that it doesn’t need anything else. Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them. (共27张PPT)
Period Five
Grammar
语法归纳
词法归纳
动词不定式
英语中,动词不定式(infinitive)由“to+动词原形”构成,有时可以不带to。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中充当主语、宾语、表
语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词不定式作主语
1.动词不定式作主语表示具体的某一次动作,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数。如:
To tell good information from bad is difficult.
很难把好的信息从坏的信息中分辨出来。
2.为保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式置于句末。如:
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾好老人是我们的责任。
二、动词不定式作宾语
1.英语中,有些动词后必须接不定式作宾语,这类动词常见的有agree, ask,
attempt, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage,
offer, plan, pretend, refuse, volunteer, want, wish等。如:
She had agreed to have dinner with him in town the following
weekend.
她答应下个周末和他在城里共进晚餐。
They changed their minds at the last moment and refused to go
there with me.
他们在最后一刻改变了主意,拒绝跟我去那儿。
2.动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语,要先用it作形式宾语,而将真正
的不定式宾语后置。如:
He really felt it an honour to win the championship in the
international competition.
在国际比赛中获得冠军,他感到很荣幸。
三、动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语常用来解释或说明主语要去做什么事。主语常常是表示意向、打
算、计划等的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, goal, dream, job等。
如:
The goal is to raise as much money as possible.
目标是筹集到尽可能多的资金。
Their purpose is to build a fair society and a strong economy.
他们的目的是建立一个公平的社会和一个强大的经济体。
四、动词不定式作定语
1.有些名词,如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need,
opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等,后面常接不定
式作定语。如:
We should develop the students' ability to analyse and solve
problems.
我们应该培养学生分析和解决问题的能力。
The company is offering you the chance to share its success.
公司正向你提供分享其成功的机会。
2.由only, first, last, next等序数词或形容词修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
如:
He was not the first person to believe that the earth was round.
他并不是第一个相信地球是圆形的人。
He was the only one to speak out against the decision.
只有他站出来反对那个决定。
3.不定式与其所修饰的词常构成逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,当不定式中的动词为
不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。如:
He has got a chair to sit on, but nobody to talk to.
他有一把椅子可坐,但没人同他说话。
五、动词不定式作宾语补足语
1.动词不定式可跟在宾语后面作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语在干什么。可接不定
式作宾补的动词和动词短语常见的有advise, ask, allow, beg, cause,
encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, order, permit, persuade,
prefer, remind, require, urge, warn, want, wish, call on, depend on,
rely on, wait for等。如:
My parents expected me to be well prepared for the entrance
examination.
我父母希望我好好准备入学考试。
The teacher encouraged us to think independently as far as
possible.
老师鼓励我们尽可能独立思考。
注意:在感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to,这类感官动词主要有
see,hear,observe,notice, feel, watch等。如:
I saw the woman enter a bank.
我看见这位女士进了一家银行。
2.在变为被动语态时,这些不定式就成了主语补足语。如:
She was not allowed to surf the Internet in her office.
她不被允许在办公室里上网。
六、动词不定式作状语
1.不定式常用在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词,表示谓语动作发生的目的。如:
To support his family, Uncle Li has taken up two part-time jobs.
为了养家糊口,李叔叔打两份零工。
I want you to do everything you can to find out who is
responsible.
我希望你尽你所能找出责任人。
2.某些表示情感变化的形容词,如happy, sorry, glad, excited, disappointed,
shocked, satisfied, astonished等,后常接不定式作原因状语。如:
Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine
she had had repaired went wrong again.
布朗太太看到她请人修过的洗衣机又坏了后感到非常失望。
【实战演练】
单句填空
1.The girl was the first runner __________ (pass) the finish line.
2.I wish ______________(send) to work in Shanghai upon my
graduation.
3.I'm going to the nursing home after school, for I have an old
man __________(visit).
to pass
to be sent
to visit
4.It is difficult for us ________________ (complete) the job in a
quarter of an hour.
5.The interview gave him a chance ___________ (push) his latest
movie.
6.He invited a few friends ____________ (come) over to his house
after work.
7.____________ (make) sure I was safe and sound in the town, my
parents gave me a phone call now and then.
to complete
to push
to come
To make
8.Our original plan was _________ (see) a film at the cinema that
afternoon.
9.He thought it would be safer ________ (go) by train.
10.We were not allowed __________(take) most of our personal
belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.
to see
to go
to take
句型训练
1.She pretended ___________________________ when I passed by.
我走过的时候,她假装没看见我。
not to have seen me
2.With __________________________, he didn't go to the gym that
night.(with)
他那天晚上有很多工作要做,所以没去健身房。
a lot of work to do
3.The teacher happened ___________________________________ when I
entered the office.
我走进办公室时,老师正好在批改我们的试卷。
to be correcting our papers
4.He _______________________________________________________ Russia,
so he began to learn Russian.
他发现研究俄罗斯的形势很重要,于是他开始学习俄语。
found it important to study the situation of
5.I was out of breath when I finally arrived at school,
________________ that it was Saturday.
当我终于到达学校时,我上气不接下气,结果发现那天是星期六。
only to find
-ed/-ing形容词
英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词,如interest, excite, disappoint,
bore, delight, encourage, inspire, amuse, astonish, move, tire,
surprise, please, satisfy, worry, puzzle, frighten, scare等,它们有以下共
同的特征:
1.这些词的原形一般是及物动词,表示“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。如
interest(使感兴趣),please(使高兴),discourage(使泄气)等。如:
The story interests us students.
这个故事使我们学生很感兴趣。
2.这类动词的-ed形式作为形容词,常修饰人,描述人的情感,汉语意思是“感到/
觉得……”。 如:
Michael is tired and he has to rest after his long trip.
迈克尔累了,他在长途旅行以后不得不休息。
3.这类动词的-ing形式作为形容词,多修饰物,表示事物的状态或特征,汉语意思
是“令人/使人……的”。 如:
They waited and waited for something exciting to happen.
他们等啊等,等待着激动人心的事情发生。
［温馨提示］ 如果被修饰的是facial expression (面部表情), voice (声音),
smile (微笑), cry (哭声), appearance (外貌)等名词时,通常用-ed形式的形
容词。如:
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
【实战演练】
单句填空
1.The _____________ (annoy) person made me ____________ (annoy).
2.Everyone was __________ (move) by the __________ (move) story.
3.We were all _________________ (disappoint) at the
__________________(disappoint) result.
4.Another way you can get ___________ (inspire) is to listen to a
piece of ____________(inspire) music you enjoy.
annoying
annoyed
moved
moving
disappointed
disappointing
inspired
inspiring
5.Tom sounds very much _____________ (interest) in the job, but I'm
not sure whether he can manage it.
6.Poor boy! His ______________ (frighten) look and shaking hands
suggested that he was _________ (scare).
7.Walking exercise may be _________ (bore) at times but early on a
clear sunny morning there can be nothing finer.
8.There was a burst of laughter from the group after he told the
____________ (amuse) story.
interested
frightened
scared
boring
amusing
句型训练
1.Faced with the current _________________________________________,
human beings have no alternative but to cooperate with each
other to tackle the crisis.
面对令人担忧的海洋现状，人类别无选择，只能相互合作应对这一危机。
worrying situation of the oceans
2.He won't be _____________________________________________________
________.
除非你给他一个满意的答案,否则他不会满意的。
satisfied unless you give him a satisfying answer
3.The teacher's explanation was _____________. Most of the students
_______________________________.
老师的解释令人困惑。大多数学生感到更加困惑了。
confusing
felt even more confused
4.It must have been a really __________________________. Everyone
had a _________________ on their face.
这一定是一次非常令人震惊的经历。每个人的脸上都露出了震惊的表情。
shocking experience
shocked look
5.I was ____________________________________________________________
______ yesterday.
昨天当妈妈告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时,我非常兴奋。
very excited when Mother told me the exciting news
