Period Five Grammar
语法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.1.who/that 2.that 3.whose 4.that; that
5.which 6.who/that; who/that 7.whose 8.that
Ⅱ.1.whose success depends on 2.which/that was cut off 3.(who/whom/that) I met 4.that loves you
词法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.1.something 2.anything 3.anyone/anybody
4.Nothing 5.None 6.nobody/no one 7.everything
8.anyone/anybody
Ⅱ.1.There’s nothing interesting in the city
2.you’d better not eat anything
3.None of them knew about the plan
4.something inspiring
5.for your parents can’t do everything for you all your life
6.but nobody/no one knows the date for sure
7.You can ask anyone/anybody for help; Everyone/Everybody herePeriod Five Grammar
Ⅰ.1.that/which 2.whose 3.who/that 4.whom
5.that 6.that
Ⅱ.1.which/that is being built now 2.who has great potential
3.whose window faced the south
Ⅲ.1.none 2.everything 3.Nothing 4.anything 5.nobody
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人体的极限。根据作者提到的专家意见可知,人类体能的极限是没有明确界定的,随着时间的推移,运动纪录将会不断被打破。心理因素也被认为在运动训练中起着重要作用。此外,现代运动领域中的训练、营养和伤病治疗等方面都比以往更加先进。总之,人体的潜力尚未完全被揭示,无法对其能力设限。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段“‘One thing we’ve all learned in the last 30 years or so is that just about anything is humanly possible,’ says Dr Jack Wilmore, author of Physiology of Sport and Exercise. ‘As time goes by, I think you’ll see more records continue to fall in every sport. The talent pool is better than ever. With more and better athletes joining in and competing, records will fall and new ones will be set.’”可知,随着时间的推移,在每项运动中人们会看到更多的纪录被打破,新的纪录将会诞生。由此推知,Wilmore的观点是运动员将继续用他们的成就给我们带来惊喜。故选D项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that was wrong with a three-minute, 59-second mile in 1954.”以及“Bob Beamon amazed the whole world…was broken in 1991.”可推知,第三段提到了Roger Bannister和Bob Beamon的例子是为了证明身体的极限是可以突破的。故选C项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中“He thinks highly of most teams’ hiring professional sports psychologists to work for their players.”可推知,Wilmore对聘请专业运动心理学家的做法的态度是赞赏的。A选项appreciative符合题意。故选A项。
4.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Besides, children today are more likely to focus on one or two sports instead of competing in several as was common twenty-five years ago,’ Wilmore says. ‘That means they start concentrating on a sport much earlier and put more effort into it, and thus they become much better at it.’”可知,今天的孩子和25年前的孩子的不同之处在于他们在一项特定的运动中变得更加熟练。故选D项。
B
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了足球运动中弧线球的原理。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It throws the air off to the left, and the force created by the air leaving the ball pushes it to the right, explains Bush. Thus, a ball spinning to the right (that’s clockwise) will also arc towards the right. This force is called the Magnus Effect.”可知,Magnus Effect是施加在旋转球上的力,故选A项。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is partly why players are much more likely to take bending shots during free kicks when goalkeepers can’t see their kicks quite well because of the wall of defenders.”可知,因为他们可以从防守队友那里得到掩护,所以喜欢在任意球时踢弧线球,故选C项。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It helps the goalkeepers, because they see unique curvature (曲度) when players are taking bending shots at them. If they can pick up the spin right, it’s going to be the same amount of curvature, and they know where to put their hands. This is partly why players are much more likely to take bending shots during free kicks when goalkeepers can’t see their kicks quite well because of the wall of defenders.”可知,没有防守队员的时候,守门员看得清足球的运动曲线,即没有防守阻碍的弯射对守门员来说是最容易预测的,故选D项。
8.B 主旨大意题。通读全文,根据第二段中的“As the ball spins, it changes the direction of the air to one side, says John Bush, an applied mathematician at MIT. This air pushes the ball in the opposite direction. The player starts with a strike on the outside of his right foot, which hits the left side of the ball, starting a clockwise spin.”等内容可推知,本文主要分析了弧线球的原理,因此B项“弧线球的原理” 可以作为标题,故选B项。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了贵州省的乡村篮球联赛的历史、特点和具体细节等。
1.based 考查非谓语动词。句中is是谓语,空格处用非谓语动词,the Village Basketball Association和base之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此空处用过去分词表被动。故填based。
2.a 考查冠词。generation是可数名词的单数形式,表泛指,前面要加不定冠词,whole是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a。故填a。
3.for 考查介词。由cash prizes可知,此处表示“业余篮球运动员代表他们的村庄参加比赛,不是为了现金奖励”,compete for意为“为……竞争”,因此空处是介词for。故填for。
4.excitement 考查名词。空处用名词作宾语,excite的名词是excitement,意为“兴奋”,是不可数名词,故填excitement。
5.who/that 考查定语从句。空处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词spectators指人,因此空处用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
6.to enjoy 考查非谓语动词。sb be welcome to do sth意为“欢迎某人做某事”。故填to enjoy。
7.dating 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是has,空处用非谓语动词,the sport和date之间是主谓关系,因此空处用现在分词表主动。故填dating。
8.are held 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,运动会是被举行,因此空处是一般现在时的被动语态,主语games是复数,因此空处是are held。故填are held。
9.fifth 考查序数词。此处表示“一年一度的篮球联赛在中国农历五月的苗族丰收节期间举行”,空处意为“第五”,用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
10.various/varied 考查形容词。空处用形容词作定语,修饰名词短语farming villages,variety的形容词是various/varied,意为“各种各样的,有不同特征的”。故填various/varied。Period Five Grammar
定语从句之关系代词
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),其中that,which,who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom作宾语,whose用作定语。
一、基本用法
1.指人用who, whom, that。作主语时用who, that,且不可省略;作宾语时用who, whom, that,且可以省略。如:
Visitors that/who come from different places are deeply attracted by the scenery there.
来自不同地方的参观者被那儿的景色深深地吸引了。(指人,作主语)
He is the man(who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(指人,作宾语)
2.指物用which, that。作主语时不可省略;作宾语时可以省略。如:
Guilin is a city which/that has a history of over 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2000多年历史的城市。(指物,作主语)
The report(that/which)Mr Turner handed in was about the motorbike race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。(指物,作宾语)
3.whose既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中作定语(whose+n.=the+n.+of whom/which)。如:
This is the female scientist, whose name (=the name of whom) is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。
He lives in a room, whose window (=the window of which) faces north.
他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。
4.在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,指人用whom,指物用which。如:
I made some friends from whom I learned a lot after I came here.
我来到这儿以后,交了一些朋友,从他们那儿我学到了许多东西。(作介词宾语,指人用whom)
The house in which Bardo lived was situated on the side of the street nearest the hill.
巴多居住的房屋坐落在最靠近小山的街道的一侧。(作介词宾语,指物用which)
二、that与which的区别
1.在以下情况中用that不用which:
①当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。如:
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
有关此事,请告诉我你所知道的。
②当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或the very,the only,the same等修饰时。如:
This is the most interesting storybook that I have ever read.
这是我读过最有趣的故事书。
③当先行词既指人又指物时。如:
They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
④当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。如:
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth
哪个是离地球比较近的恒星
2.在以下情况中用which不用that:
①在非限制性定语从句中。如:
He has a walk every night, which does good to him.
他每晚都散步,这对他有好处。
②在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。如:
The house in which we live is very large.
我们住的房子非常大。
③为了避免重复,一个用that,另一个则用which。如:
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看那本我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.She recognised the voice belonged to the man had attacked her.
2.They talked about their classmates and things they still remember in middle school.
3.The tiny insect eyes are fixed on the cabbage shows great interest in the vegetable.
4.The most important thing we should consider is the first idea he has mentioned in his speech.
5.Do you still remember the chicken farm, we visited three months ago
6.Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.
7.We should make a decision about Mr King, story I have just told you.
8.The only thing we should do is get some food.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.Wolves are highly social animals cooperation.
狼是高度群体化的动物,其成功依赖合作。
2.Finally he reached a lonely island from the outside world.
最后,他来到一个与外界隔绝的孤岛上。
3.This girl is familiar to me;maybe she is the girl in the street yesterday.
我对这个女孩很熟悉,也许她就是我昨天在街上遇到的那个女孩。
4.The dog is the only thing on the earth more than he loves himself.
狗是世界上唯一爱你胜过爱自己的动物。
不定代词
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。英语中的不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone),all,each,both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。本课讲的是some, any, every, no和one, body, thing一起构成的代词,这些代词叫复合不定代词。
一、复合不定代词的构成和含义
某 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody no one/ nobody
物 something anything everything nothing
二、复合不定代词的基本用法
1.一般情况下,some/every构成的复合不定代词,其作用和some/every相同,用于肯定句;any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句;no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义,用于否定句。如:
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
She seemed to have everything—good look, money and intelligence.
她似乎什么都有——美貌、金钱和智慧。
Does anyone else want to come
还有人想来吗
Nobody realizes how bad things are.
没人意识到事情是多么糟糕。
2.如果疑问句表示请求、建议,并且希望对方做出肯定回答,用something不用anything。如:
Would you like something to eat
你要吃点东西吗
3.anything或anyone/anybody用于肯定句时,含义为“任何事”“任何人”。如:
We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from happening.
我们希望阻止任何不愉快的事发生。
Anybody/Anyone can see that it’s wrong.
随便哪个人都可以看出这是错的。
4.复合不定代词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:
Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。
Something has gone wrong with the radio.
收音机出毛病了。
5.形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。如:
Did you see anything strange last night
你昨晚看到什么奇怪的东西了吗
三、复合不定代词的一些特殊用法
复合不定代词的否定:
1.表示部分否定用“not every-”或“every-…not”,意为“并非都,不都”。如:
Read this story, and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
读这个故事,你会意识到并不是所有的东西都能用钱买到。
Not everyone can be as lucky as we are.
不是所有人都能像我们这么幸运。
2.“not any-”和“no-”均表示全部否定。如:
There is nothing wrong with the car.
=There isn’t anything wrong with the car.
这汽车一点儿毛病也没有。
四、nobody/no one, nothing与none辨析
1.nobody/no one只能指人,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,常回答what引导的疑问句;none既可指人,也可指物,常回答how many, how much 引导的疑问句。如:
—Who is in the room
—No one/Nobody.
“谁在屋里 ”
“没有人。”
—What are you doing now
—Nothing.
“你现在在做什么 ”
“什么也没有做。”
—How much money do you have
—None.
“你有多少钱 ”
“一点也没有。”
2.none和nothing后面可跟of短语,而no one/nobody却不能。如:
None of the trains is/are going to London.
这些列车都不去伦敦。
The man knows nothing of history.
这个人对历史一无所知。
五、复合不定代词构成的固定搭配
常见的有:anything but 决不,根本不;nothing but仅仅,只有;anyone/anybody but 除了……外的任何人;something of称得上,有点。如:
The problem is anything but easy.
这个问题根本不容易。
You never think of anyone but yourself.
你从来不考虑别人,就只顾你自己。
He is something of a fighter, and will certainly want to win. 他可谓是一个斗士,当然想赢。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 用适当的复合不定代词填空
1.Would you like delicious to eat, David
2.Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly left in the house.
3.I don’t want to be else. I just want to be myself.
4.—What else do you need, sir
— else. I’ve got enough. Thanks.
5.—How much juice is there in the fridge
— . Let’s go to the supermarket and buy some after supper.
6.It’s reported that a bus fell into a river yesterday. Luckily, was hurt.
7.Tom! You’re no longer a three-year-old kid. I can cook dinner for you, but don’t expect me to do for you. Go and tidy your room!
8.A reward of $5,000 will be offered to who finds the stolen painting.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1. . Why not have a picnic in the countryside
城里没什么有趣的事。为什么不去乡下野餐呢
2.If you want to keep your teeth healthy, sweet a lot.
如果你想保持牙齿健康,你最好不要多吃甜食。
3. because it was kept secret.
他们当中没人知道那项计划,因为那是个秘密。
4.Make a habit of reading and cheerful every day.
养成每天读一些鼓舞人心、令人愉快的东西的习惯。
5.Try to be independent, .
尽量独立,因为你的父母不可能一辈子为你做所有的事情。
6.The meeting will be held in September, .
会议将在九月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。
7. . is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何一个人求助。这里的每个人都愿意帮助你。Period Five Grammar
语法专练——定语从句(关系代词)
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.To achieve this aim , many approaches created true AI had been put forward.
2.In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.
3.He is the only one of the teachers
knows French in our school.
4.Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to natives for traditions hold much value.
5.The first thing he did after arriving home was doing his homework.
6.She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease .
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.The railway will connect the two cities in China.
现在正在建设的那条铁路将把中国的两个城市连接起来。
2.The prize will go to the athlete .
该奖品将颁给有巨大潜力的运动员。
3.At that time I lived in a small room .
当时我住在一个小房间里,它的窗户朝南。
词法专练——不定代词
●Ⅲ 单句填空
1.Of all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study.
2.It’s a long time since we met last time. I hope goes well with you.
3. in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
4.Bill values friendship more than else and he never lets his friends down when they turn to him for help.
5.The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found making an attempt to move it.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
A
What are the limits of the human body Is there a point at which it is physically impossible to do something
“One thing we’ve all learned in the last 30 years or so is that just about anything is humanly possible,” says Dr Jack Wilmore, author of Physiology of Sport and Exercise. “As time goes by, I think you’ll see more records continue to fall in every sport. The talent pool is better than ever. With more and better athletes joining in and competing, records will fall and new ones will be set.”
Many believed it was physically impossible for a human to run a mile in under four minutes, but Roger Bannister proved that was wrong with a three-minute, 59-second mile in 1954. Today, sub-four-minute miles are considered ordinary even in high school. Bob Beamon amazed the whole world in the 1968 Olympics with his historic long jump of 8.90 metres. In an event where a record is usually broken by mere inches, he broke the previous jump record by more than 21 inches, but even his record was broken in 1991.
One factor is now becoming more understood and paid more attention to: sports psychology. Getting inside the athlete’s head can be as effective as training and long workouts. According to Wilmore, the psychological factor of sports has become more and more valued. He thinks highly of most teams’ hiring professional sports psychologists to work for their players.
What’s more, everything in the sports field—training, nutrition (营养), injury treatment—is far better than it’s ever been. “Besides , children today are more likely to focus on one or two sports instead of competing in several as was common twenty-five years ago,” Wilmore says. “That means they start concentrating on a sport much earlier and put more effort into it, and thus they become much better at it.”
“There’s a lot we don’t know yet about the human body,” he adds. “And one of those things is the full range of human potential. It would be foolish to try and put limits on what the human body can do.”
( )1.What can we learn from Dr Jack Wilmore’s words
A.Athletes will become the most popular people.
B.It will be tougher for athletes to break former records.
C.It is necessary for athletes to learn the limits of the body.
D.Athletes will continue to surprise us with their achievements.
( )2.Why are Roger Bannister and Bob Beamon mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To introduce two great athletes .
B.To show some of the latest world records.
C.To prove the limits of the body can be pushed.
D.To explain what athletes can achieve under stress .
( )3.What is Wilmore’s attitude towards the practice of hiring professional sports psychologists
A.Appreciative. B.Unconcerned.
C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
( )4.How are today’s children different from those 25 years ago according to Wilmore
A.They take part in far more sports.
B.They are less likely to get injured in sports.
C.They begin playing sports at a much earlier age.
D.They become more skilful at one particular sport.
B
The highlights of every World Cup are the impossible goals , especially the arc (弧线) ball goals . It’s breathtaking to watch. Every spin (旋转) of the ball moves air across the surface, pushing it into a bend.
When a soccer ball flies, the air forms a layer around the surface of the ball. As the ball spins, it changes the direction of the air to one side, says John Bush, an applied mathematician at MIT. This air pushes the ball in the opposite direction. The player starts with a strike on the outside of his right foot, which hits the left side of the ball, starting a clockwise spin. It throws the air off to the left, and the force created by the air leaving the ball pushes it to the right, explains Bush. Thus, a ball spinning to the right (that’s clockwise) will also arc towards the right. This force is called the Magnus Effect.
It helps the goalkeepers, because they see unique curvature (曲度) when players are taking bending shots at them. If they can pick up the spin right, it’s going to be the same amount of curvature, and they know where to put their hands. This is partly why players are much more likely to take bending shots during free kicks when goalkeepers can’t see their kicks quite well because of the wall of defenders. If a ball isn’t spinning, it does something called knuckling, where the air turns the ball to one side in random directions, causing it to bounce in the air unpredictably. “It’s usually achieved when a player manages a sharp, fast touch of the ball, typically right on the air valve where the ball is most firm,” says Bush. Its lack of spin keeps the goalkeeper from being able to predict where it is going until it is too late. All the goalkeepers tremble before the kicker that can shoot this kind of soccer balls.
( )5.What is the Magnus Effect according to the text
A.The force applied to a spinning ball.
B.The theory proposed by John Bush.
C.The direction opposite to a player’s strike.
D.The goal scored with a bending ball.
( )6.Why do soccer players prefer to take bending shots during free kicks
A.Because they can change the ball’s curvature.
B.Because they can take bending shots more easily.
C.Because they can get cover from the wall of defenders.
D.Because they can help their team’s goalkeeper.
( )7.Which shot might be the most predictable for goalkeepers
A.A free-kick shot .
B.A fast shot without spinning.
C.A shot with unique curvature.
D.A bending shot without defensive blocking.
( )8.What’s the best title of the text
A.The development of football
B.The principle of a bending ball
C.The secret of blocking a goal
D.The theory of applied mathematics
●Ⅴ 语法填空
A rural basketball league in China attracted well close to 100 million live views across the country in 2022 and 2023 respectively.
The Village Basketball Association, 1. (base) in Guizhou Province , is better known as “CunBA”, Cun being the word for “village” in Chinese. The grass-roots league was established in 2016 but has recently attracted 2. whole new generation of basketball fans nationwide. Amateur basketball players representing their villages compete not 3. cash prizes; instead, the winning team take home live ducks, rice and traditional Miao-style silver headdresses.
The CunBA drums up a special kind of emotion and 4. (excite) among spectators (观众). However, none of the 20,000 spectators 5. made their way to the year’s final game had to pay for their tickets, and they were welcome 6. (enjoy) the game in creative ways.
According to Xinhua News Agency, the sport has a long history in the region 7.
(date) back to the 1930s. Annual games 8. (hold) during the region’s Miao ethnic harvest festival in the 9. (five) month of the Chinese lunar calendar. The CunBA, during the 2022/2023 season, had a total of 176 participating teams from the 10. (variety) farming villages in the region, hosting nearly 5, 000 grass-roots games. (共32张PPT)
Period Five
Grammar
语法归纳
词法归纳
定语从句之关系代词
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,
who(宾格whom,所有格whose),其中that,which,who在从句中作主语或宾语,
whom作宾语,whose用作定语。
一、基本用法
1.指人用who, whom, that。作主语时用who, that,且不可省略;作宾语时用
who, whom, that,且可以省略。如:
Visitors that/who come from different places are deeply attracted
by the scenery there.
来自不同地方的参观者被那儿的景色深深地吸引了。(指人,作主语)
He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(指人,作宾语)
2.指物用which, that。作主语时不可省略;作宾语时可以省略。如:
Guilin is a city which/that has a history of over 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2000多年历史的城市。(指物,作主语)
The report (that/which) Mr Turner handed in was about the
motorbike race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。(指物,作宾语)
3.whose既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中作定语(whose+n.=the+n.+of
whom/which)。如:
This is the female scientist, whose name (=the name of whom) is
known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。
He lives in a room, whose window (=the window of which) faces
north.
他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。
4.在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,指人用whom,指物用which。如:
I made some friends from whom I learned a lot after I came here.
我来到这儿以后,交了一些朋友,从他们那儿我学到了许多东西。(作介词宾语,指
人用whom)
The house in which Bardo lived was situated on the side of the
street nearest the hill.
巴多居住的房屋坐落在最靠近小山的街道的一侧。(作介词宾语,指物用which)
二、that与which的区别
1.在以下情况中用that不用which:
①当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。如:
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
有关此事,请告诉我你所知道的。
②当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或the very,the only,the same等修饰时。
如:
This is the most interesting storybook that I have ever read.
这是我读过最有趣的故事书。
③当先行词既指人又指物时。如:
They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest
them.
他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
④当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。如:
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth
哪个是离地球比较近的恒星
2.在以下情况中用which不用that:
①在非限制性定语从句中。如:
He has a walk every night, which does good to him.
他每晚都散步,这对他有好处。
②在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。如:
The house in which we live is very large.
我们住的房子非常大。
③为了避免重复,一个用that,另一个则用which。如:
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library
which was newly open.
让我给你看看那本我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
【实战演练】
单句填空
1.She recognised the voice belonged to the man ____________ had
attacked her.
2.They talked about their classmates and things ______ they still
remember in middle school.
3.The tiny insect _________ eyes are fixed on the cabbage shows
great interest in the vegetable.
who/that
that
whose
4.The most important thing ______ we should consider is the first
idea ______ he has mentioned in his speech.
5.Do you still remember the chicken farm, ________ we visited three
months ago
that
that
which
6.Women ____________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day
have a greater chance of having heart disease than those
____________ don't.
who/that
who/that
7.We should make a decision about Mr King, _________story I have
just told you.
8.The only thing ______ we should do is get some food.
whose
that
句型训练
1.Wolves are highly social animals _________________________________
____ cooperation.
狼是高度群体化的动物,其成功依赖合作。
whose success depends on
2.Finally he reached a lonely island _____________________________
from the outside world.
最后,他来到一个与外界隔绝的孤岛上。
which/that was cut off
3.This girl is familiar to me;maybe she is the girl
______________________________ in the street yesterday.
我对这个女孩很熟悉,也许她就是我昨天在街上遇到的那个女孩。
(who/whom/that) I met
4.The dog is the only thing on the earth ___________________ more
than he loves himself.
狗是世界上唯一爱你胜过爱自己的动物。
that loves you
不定代词
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。英语中的不定代词
有:some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone),
no(nothing,nobody,no one),every(everything,everybody,everyone),all,
each,both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either,
neither等。本课讲的是some, any, every, no和one, body, thing一起构成的
代词,这些代词叫复合不定代词。
一、复合不定代词的构成和含义
某 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody no one/
nobody
物 something anything everything nothing
二、复合不定代词的基本用法
1.一般情况下,some/every构成的复合不定代词,其作用和some/every相同,用
于肯定句;any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句;no构成的复合不定代
词表示否定含义,用于否定句。如:
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
She seemed to have everything—good look, money and
intelligence.
她似乎什么都有——美貌、金钱和智慧。
Does anyone else want to come
还有人想来吗
Nobody realizes how bad things are.
没人意识到事情是多么糟糕。
2.如果疑问句表示请求、建议,并且希望对方做出肯定回答,用something不用
anything。如:
Would you like something to eat
你要吃点东西吗
3.anything或anyone/anybody用于肯定句时,含义为“任何事”“任何人”。
如:
We hope to prevent anything unpleasant from happening.
我们希望阻止任何不愉快的事发生。
Anybody/Anyone can see that it's wrong.
随便哪个人都可以看出这是错的。
4.复合不定代词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:
Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。
Something has gone wrong with the radio.
收音机出毛病了。
5.形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。如:
Did you see anything strange last night
你昨晚看到什么奇怪的东西了吗
三、复合不定代词的一些特殊用法
复合不定代词的否定:
1.表示部分否定用“not every-”或“every-…not”,意为“并非都,不都”。
如:
Read this story, and you will realize that not everything can be
bought with money.
读这个故事，你会意识到并不是所有的东西都能用钱买到。
Not everyone can be as lucky as we are.
不是所有人都能像我们这么幸运。
2.“not any-”和“no-”均表示全部否定。如:
There is nothing wrong with the car.
=There isn't anything wrong with the car.
这汽车一点儿毛病也没有。
四、nobody/no one，nothing与none辨析
1.nobody/no one只能指人,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,常回
答what引导的疑问句;none既可指人,也可指物,常回答how many, how
much 引导的疑问句。如:
—Who is in the room
—No one/Nobody.
“谁在屋里 ”
“没有人。”
—What are you doing now
—Nothing.
“你现在在做什么 ”
“什么也没有做。”
—How much money do you have
—None.
“你有多少钱 ”
“一点也没有。”
2.none和nothing后面可跟of短语,而no one/nobody却不能。如:
None of the trains is/are going to London.
这些列车都不去伦敦。
The man knows nothing of history.
这个人对历史一无所知。
五、复合不定代词构成的固定搭配
常见的有:anything but 决不,根本不;nothing but仅仅,只
有;anyone/anybody but 除了……外的任何人;something of称得上,有点。
如:
The problem is anything but easy.
这个问题根本不容易。
You never think of anyone but yourself.
你从来不考虑别人,就只顾你自己。
He is something of a fighter, and will certainly want to win.
他可谓是一个斗士,当然想赢。
【实战演练】
用适当的复合不定代词填空
1.Would you like ______________ delicious to eat, David
2.Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ____________ left in
the house.
3.I don't want to be _____________________ else. I just want to be
myself.
something
anything
anyone/anybody
4.—What else do you need, sir
—___________ else. I've got enough. Thanks.
Nothing
5.—How much juice is there in the fridge
—________. Let's go to the supermarket and buy some after supper.
None
6.It's reported that a bus fell into a river yesterday. Luckily,
____________________ was hurt.
nobody/no one
7.Tom! You're no longer a three-year-old kid. I can cook dinner for
you, but don't expect me to do ______________ for you. Go and
tidy your room!
everything
8.A reward of $5,000 will be offered to _____________________ who
finds the stolen painting.
anyone/anybody
句型训练
1._______________________________________________. Why not have a
picnic in the countryside
城里没什么有趣的事。为什么不去乡下野餐呢
There's nothing interesting in the city
2.If you want to keep your teeth healthy, _________________________
_______________ sweet a lot.
如果你想保持牙齿健康,你最好不要多吃甜食。
you'd better not eat anything
3._____________________________________________because it was kept
secret.
他们当中没人知道那项计划,因为那是个秘密。
None of them knew about the plan
4.Make a habit of reading _________________________ and cheerful
every day.
养成每天读一些鼓舞人心、令人愉快的东西的习惯。
something inspiring
5.Try to be independent, __________________________________________
_____________________________________.
尽量独立,因为你的父母不可能一辈子为你做所有的事情。
for your parents can't do everything for you all your life
6.The meeting will be held in September, _________________________
_______________________________.
会议将在九月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。
but nobody/no one knows the date for sure
7._______________________________________________.
________________________________ is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何一个人求助。这里的每个人都愿意帮助你。
You can ask anyone/anybody for help
Everyone/Everybody here
