Period 3 语言知识讲练
1．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候
(1)on one occasion 有一次
on that occasion 那次；在那种情况下
on occasion(s) 偶尔
(2)occasional adj． 偶尔的；偶然的；临时的
occasionally adv． 偶然；偶尔；有时候
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Chocolate is best kept as an ________ (occasion) treat．
②He has been known ________ occasion to lose his temper．
③He managed to remain cool by swimming ________ (occasion)．
④Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion ________ you legally become an adult．
⑤This is not an occasion ________ laughter is proper, you must take things seriously．
⑥在这个特殊的场合，我想向所有人表达我衷心的感谢。
I'd like to give my sincere thanks to all of you ________________________．
[名师点津] 当occasion后接定语从句时，其关系词要依据occasion的含义及关系词在从句中所作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词，其含义为“场合；庆典”时，应将它看作从句中的地点状语，用where来引导从句；当表示“机会；时刻”时，应将它看作从句中的时间状语，用when来引导从句。
2．congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺
(1)offer/send congratulations to sb．on sth．
向某人祝贺某事
(2)congratulate vt． 祝贺，向……致贺词
congratulate sb．on/upon sth．/doing sth．
就(做了)某事向某人祝贺
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He congratulated himself ________ having survived the air crash．
②We congratulated him on ________ (pass) the examination．
③I send you my warmest ________ (congratulation) on your success．
④我们都来祝贺他被北京大学录取了。
We all came to ________________________________ Peking University．
3．come to an end 结束；终止
(1)bring an end to sth．＝bring sth．to an end
使……结束
put an end to sth． 结束，消除
(2)at the end of... 在……的尽头
by the end of... 到……结束时
in the end 最终，终于
(3)end in... 以……告终，最后的结果是……
end up with... 以……结束
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When will we bring an end ________ the war
②The exploration ended ________ failure．
③The discussion finally came to ________ end．
④再好的事情也有曲终人散的时候。
All things must ____________，however beautiful an experience is．
4．put up张贴；修建；举起；提供膳宿
put up with 容忍，忍受
put off 推迟，延期
put down 写下，记下；放下
put away 把……收拾起来；把(钱、物等)储存起来
put on 穿上；增加(体重等)；假装；上演
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have to put up ________ my cat's fur all over the house．
②Just because of the rain，the sports meeting was put ________．
③I only put ________ the things that might prove to be a danger to a child．
④很抱歉，我不能为你提供住宿，所以你得住旅店了。
I'm sorry，________________________，so you'll have to stay in a hotel．
5．let off 使某物爆炸
let out 放出；泄露
let sb．down 使某人失望
let in 让……进来，放进
let alone 更不用说
let...alone 不打扰，不惊动
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm afraid she will let us ________ badly．
②With each bump of the airplane he would let ________ a giggle of delight．
③他没有足够的钱修补轮胎，更别提买个新的了。
He did not have enough money to have the tire patched up，_____________________________________________________________________.
6．account n．描述，报道 vt．认为是，视为
(1)take account of sth．＝take sth．into account/consideration
把……考虑在内
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 绝不
give an account of 报告；叙述；说明
(2)account for 解释；说明；(数量，比例上)占
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①According to the World Bank，China accounts ________ about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption．
②He had to leave his beloved basketball team ________ account of his injured legs．
我真诚地希望你考虑我的建议。
③I sincerely hope that you will ________________________________．(take sth．into account)
④I sincerely hope that you will _________________．(consideration)
⑤I sincerely hope that you will ________________________________．(take account of sth．)
[名师点津] on no account位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。类似的还有：by no means，in no way，on no condition，at no time等。
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge，as well as practical experience．
我们绝对不能忽视知识以及实践经验的价值。
7．attach vt．贴；固定；附上
(1)attach...to... 把……附/贴在……上；
把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to
认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj． (作表语)依恋的；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material attached ________ the letter．
②On returning home，she found a note ________ (attach) to the door，reading“Call in later．”
③My parents always attach great importance ________ my getting a good education．
④The boy is now studying in the middle school ________ (attach) to Peking University．
⑤Many of us teenagers think our phones are much more important than our friends．
→Many of us teenagers ________________________________________ our phones than to our friends．
8．surround vt．环绕，围绕
(1)surround sb．/sth．with sb．/sth． 使某人/某物被某人/某物包围
be surrounded by/with 被……包围；周围是……
(2)surrounding adj． 周围的
(3)surroundings n． 环境，周围的环境
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We stood at the edge of the lake，which is ________ (surround) by trees．
②We lived in a house ________ (surround)by trees，most of which were pine trees．
③Standing on the top of the mountain，we can have a good view of the ________ (surround) hills．
④这儿是一个三面环山的丘陵地区。
Here is a hilly area ________________________ on three sides．
1．as作连词
(教材P53)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible．
我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅，因为火车票或航班必须尽可能早预订。
句中的as作连词，表示原因。意为“因为”。
(1)as作为从属连词，还可以引导下列从句：
①时间状语从句，意为“正当……的时候；一面……一面……；随着……”，从句可放在主句之前或主句之后。
②方式状语从句，意为“如同；按照……的方式、样子、办法”。as从句总跟在主句之后。
③让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装结构(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、动词原形、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。
④比较状语从句，意为“和……一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。其基本结构为：as＋adj．/adv．＋as。使用时要注意第一个as为副词(意为“那么；如此”)，第二个as为连词(引导的比较状语从句中的某些成分常常省略)。
(2)as作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂，而且as在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语，既可指人也可指物。
(3)as作为介词的用法：表示“好像；作为；当作”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired．
②Difficult ________ it is，we should not give up．
③This film is as interesting ________ that one．
④虽然他工作很努力，可还是无法养活一家人。
______________，he can't support his family．
2．the moment引导的时间状语从句
(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family．
每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
句中the moment I get on the train是the moment引导的时间状语从句，the moment表示“一……就”。
表示“一……就”意思的还有：
(1)the minute/second/instant
(2)immediately/directly/instantly
(3)hardly...when...；no sooner...than...
(4)as soon as...
(5)on＋n．/doing...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①I went home ________ (direct) I had finished the work．
②No sooner had he arrived ________ he fell sick．
③They were presented with flowers on ________ (arrive) at the airport．
我们有10年没见面了，可是我一见面就认出了他。
④We hadn't met for 10 years but ________________________________．(the moment)
⑤We hadn't met for 10 years but _____________________________．(immediately)
⑥We hadn't met for 10 years but ____________________________________．(on)
⑦We hadn't met for 10 years but _________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.(hardly...when...)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．________ (instant) he saw me，he held out his hands．
2．________ a Party member，I'll take the lead in everything．
3．Foxes started coming here from the ________ (surround) countryside．
4．Much importance is attached ________ the development of the individual self．
5．He could not account ________ his absence from school．
6．We must telephone our ________ (congratulate) to the happy couple．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他说他一到家就给你打了电话。
He said he had phoned you ________________________．
2．随着年纪的增长，他对除了园艺以外的一切都失去了兴趣。
________________，he lost interest in everything except gardening．
3．一个年轻人来到了警察局，被一群记者包围着。
A young man came to the police station，
____________________________________________．
4．小学现在非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生做一些活动，如烹饪、制作手工艺品等。
Primary schools now ________________________________________，advocating students to do activities such as cooking，making handicrafts and so on．
5．妈妈绝对没有想到会有这样一个难忘的母亲节。
________________________________ such an unforgettable Mother's Day．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
It was the first time for Tom Jenkins 1．________ (spend) Spring Festival in China．He found the house 2．________ (clean) from top to bottom to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year．It is 3．________ (believe) that happiness arrives when Fu is attached to the door upside down．The night before Spring Festival，people set off fireworks to scare 4．________ the monster Nian．
Xu Gang usually 5． ________ (go) back home before Spring Festival and chooses 6．________ (gift) for his parents 7．________ (care)．His parents will tell him things 8．________ have been happening．It is great to have hotpot with his family．
Li Yan and her husband miss their children and grandchildren a lot．They start getting ready for their homecoming a few weeks 9．________ Spring Festival．Her grandchildren run around，shout and play and her children talk about the past year．They gather to enjoy jiaozi which 10．________ (be)a sign of their wishes for health and happiness．
8 / 8Period 3 语言知识讲练
1．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候
(1)on one occasion 有一次
on that occasion 那次；在那种情况下
on occasion(s) 偶尔
(2)occasional adj． 偶尔的；偶然的；临时的
occasionally adv． 偶然；偶尔；有时候
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Chocolate is best kept as an occasional (occasion) treat．
②He has been known on occasion to lose his temper．
③He managed to remain cool by swimming occasionally (occasion)．
④Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion when you legally become an adult．
⑤This is not an occasion where laughter is proper,you must take things seriously．
⑥在这个特殊的场合，我想向所有人表达我衷心的感谢。
I'd like to give my sincere thanks to all of you on this special occasion．
[名师点津] 当occasion后接定语从句时，其关系词要依据occasion的含义及关系词在从句中所作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词，其含义为“场合；庆典”时，应将它看作从句中的地点状语，用where来引导从句；当表示“机会；时刻”时，应将它看作从句中的时间状语，用when来引导从句。
2．congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺
(1)offer/send congratulations to sb．on sth．
向某人祝贺某事
(2)congratulate vt． 祝贺，向……致贺词
congratulate sb．on/upon sth．/doing sth．
就(做了)某事向某人祝贺
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He congratulated himself on/upon having survived the air crash．
②We congratulated him on having passed (pass) the examination．
③I send you my warmest congratulations (congratulation) on your success．
④我们都来祝贺他被北京大学录取了。
We all came to congratulate him on/upon being admitted to Peking University．
3．come to an end 结束；终止
(1)bring an end to sth．＝bring sth．to an end
使……结束
put an end to sth． 结束，消除
(2)at the end of... 在……的尽头
by the end of... 到……结束时
in the end 最终，终于
(3)end in... 以……告终，最后的结果是……
end up with... 以……结束
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When will we bring an end to the war？
②The exploration ended in failure．
③The discussion finally came to an end．
④再好的事情也有曲终人散的时候。
All things must come to an end，however beautiful an experience is．
4．put up张贴；修建；举起；提供膳宿
put up with 容忍，忍受
put off 推迟，延期
put down 写下，记下；放下
put away 把……收拾起来；把(钱、物等)储存起来
put on 穿上；增加(体重等)；假装；上演
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have to put up with my cat's fur all over the house．
②Just because of the rain，the sports meeting was put off．
③I only put away the things that might prove to be a danger to a child．
④很抱歉，我不能为你提供住宿，所以你得住旅店了。
I'm sorry，I can't put you up，so you'll have to stay in a hotel．
5．let off 使某物爆炸
let out 放出；泄露
let sb．down 使某人失望
let in 让……进来，放进
let alone 更不用说
let...alone 不打扰，不惊动
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm afraid she will let us down badly．
②With each bump of the airplane he would let out a giggle of delight．
③他没有足够的钱修补轮胎，更别提买个新的了。
He did not have enough money to have the tire patched up，let alone buy a new one．
6．account n．描述，报道 vt．认为是，视为
(1)take account of sth．＝take sth．into account/consideration
把……考虑在内
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 绝不
give an account of 报告；叙述；说明
(2)account for 解释；说明；(数量，比例上)占
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption．
②He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs．
我真诚地希望你考虑我的建议。
③I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account．(take sth．into account)
④I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into consideration．(consideration)
⑤I sincerely hope that you will take account of my suggestions．(take account of sth．)
[名师点津] on no account位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。类似的还有：by no means，in no way，on no condition，at no time等。
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge，as well as practical experience．
我们绝对不能忽视知识以及实践经验的价值。
7．attach vt．贴；固定；附上
(1)attach...to... 把……附/贴在……上；
把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to 认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj． (作表语)依恋的；附属于
be attached to 附属于；依恋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material attached to the letter．
②On returning home，she found a note attached (attach) to the door，reading“Call in later．”
③My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education．
④The boy is now studying in the middle school attached (attach) to Peking University．
⑤Many of us teenagers think our phones are much more important than our friends．
→Many of us teenagers attach much more importance to our phones than to our friends．
8．surround vt．环绕，围绕
(1)surround sb．/sth．with sb．/sth．
使某人/某物被某人/某物包围
be surrounded by/with 被……包围；周围是……
(2)surrounding adj． 周围的
(3)surroundings n． 环境，周围的环境
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We stood at the edge of the lake，which is surrounded (surround) by trees．
②We lived in a house surrounded (surround)by trees，most of which were pine trees．
③Standing on the top of the mountain，we can have a good view of the surrounding (surround) hills．
④这儿是一个三面环山的丘陵地区。
Here is a hilly area surrounded by mountains on three sides．
1．as作连词
(教材P53)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible．
我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅，因为火车票或航班必须尽可能早预订。
句中的as作连词，表示原因。意为“因为”。
(1)as作为从属连词，还可以引导下列从句：
①时间状语从句，意为“正当……的时候；一面……一面……；随着……”，从句可放在主句之前或主句之后。
②方式状语从句，意为“如同；按照……的方式、样子、办法”。as从句总跟在主句之后。
③让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装结构(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、动词原形、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。
④比较状语从句，意为“和……一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。其基本结构为：as＋adj．/adv．＋as。使用时要注意第一个as为副词(意为“那么；如此”)，第二个as为连词(引导的比较状语从句中的某些成分常常省略)。
(2)as作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂，而且as在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语，既可指人也可指物。
(3)as作为介词的用法：表示“好像；作为；当作”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired．
②Difficult as it is，we should not give up．
③This film is as interesting as that one．
④虽然他工作很努力，可还是无法养活一家人。
Hard as he works，he can't support his family．
2．the moment引导的时间状语从句
(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family．
每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
句中the moment I get on the train是the moment引导的时间状语从句，the moment表示“一……就”。
表示“一……就”意思的还有：
(1)the minute/second/instant
(2)immediately/directly/instantly
(3)hardly...when...；no sooner...than...
(4)as soon as...
(5)on＋n．/doing...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①I went home directly (direct) I had finished the work．
②No sooner had he arrived than he fell sick．
③They were presented with flowers on arrival/arriving (arrive) at the airport．
我们有10年没见面了，可是我一见面就认出了他。
④We hadn't met for 10 years but I recognized him the moment I saw him．(the moment)
⑤We hadn't met for 10 years but I recognized him immediately I saw him．(immediately)
⑥We hadn't met for 10 years but I recognized him on seeing him．(on)
⑦We hadn't met for 10 years but hardly had I seen him when I recognized him．(hardly...when...)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Instantly (instant) he saw me，he held out his hands．
2．As a Party member，I'll take the lead in everything．
3．Foxes started coming here from the surrounding (surround) countryside．
4．Much importance is attached to the development of the individual self．
5．He could not account for his absence from school．
6．We must telephone our congratulations (congratulate) to the happy couple．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他说他一到家就给你打了电话。
He said he had phoned you the moment he got home．
2．随着年纪的增长，他对除了园艺以外的一切都失去了兴趣。
As he grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening．
3．一个年轻人来到了警察局，被一群记者包围着。
A young man came to the police station，
surrounded by a group of journalists．
4．小学现在非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生做一些活动，如烹饪、制作手工艺品等。
Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education，advocating students to do activities such as cooking，making handicrafts and so on．
5．妈妈绝对没有想到会有这样一个难忘的母亲节。
On no account had mother expected such an unforgettable Mother's Day．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
It was the first time for Tom Jenkins 1．to spend (spend) Spring Festival in China．He found the house 2．cleaned/was cleaned (clean) from top to bottom to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year．It is 3．believed (believe) that happiness arrives when Fu is attached to the door upside down．The night before Spring Festival，people set off fireworks to scare 4．away the monster Nian．
Xu Gang usually 5．goes (go) back home before Spring Festival and chooses 6．gifts (gift) for his parents 7．carefully (care)．His parents will tell him things 8．that have been happening．It is great to have hotpot with his family．
Li Yan and her husband miss their children and grandchildren a lot．They start getting ready for their homecoming a few weeks 9．before Spring Festival．Her grandchildren run around，shout and play and her children talk about the past year．They gather to enjoy jiaozi which 10．are (be)a sign of their wishes for health and happiness．
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