Period 3 语言知识讲练
1．rather than 而不是
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining (complain)．
②Mary，rather than you，is (be)to blame for not finishing the work on time．
我很满意，比起买一套新的，我更喜欢租这样的公寓。
③I'm quite satisfied，and I prefer to rent such an apartment rather than buy a new one．(prefer to do sth．rather than do sth．)
④I'm quite satisfied，and I would rather rent such an apartment than buy a new one．(would rather do sth．than do sth．)
⑤I'm quite satisfied，and I would rent such an apartment rather than buy a new one．(would do sth．rather than do sth．)
2．balanced adj．均衡的
(1)a balanced diet 均衡饮食
(2)balance n． 平衡，均衡；天平
vt． 权衡；使平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance 失去平衡
on balance 总的来说
balance...against... 比较(两个相对的事物)；权衡重要性
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a balanced (balance) diet．
②On balance，we have a good chance of winning the race．
③申请这份工作前，你最好权衡一下它的利与弊。
Before applying for the job，you'd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages．
3．try out for sth．参加……选拔
try out 试用，试验
try for sth． 试图获得或赢得某物
try sth．on 试穿(衣物)
try one's best to do sth． 尽力去做某事
try one's luck 碰碰运气
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Alison is trying for a job as a research assistant．
②We should try our best to attend(attend)to our parents，and make them happy in their later years．
③It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team．
④这些队伍将要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔。
These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games．
4．replacement n．替换的人(物)
(1)replace vt． 替换；取代
replace A by/with B 用B替代A
(2)表示“替代”的短语还有：
in place of＝in one's place
take the place of＝take one's place
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I am going to replace my battered car by/with a new one．
②We need a replacement(replace) for the secretary who left．
③在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
Teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in the classroom．
5．desire n．渴望 vt．想要，渴望
(1)desire for sth． 渴望得到某物
have a desire to do/that... 有……的欲望/愿望
(2)desire to do sth． 渴望做某事
desire sb．to do sth． 想让某人做某事
desire that sb．(should) do 希望/要求某人做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and a strong desire for success．
②He desires me to go (go) abroad for further education．
这个女孩渴望被这所著名的大学录取。
③This girl desires to be admitted to the famous university．(desire to do sth．)
④This girl desires that she (should) be admitted to the famous university．(desire that...)
6．let sb．down 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
let alone 更不用说
let go (of) 放开，松手
let out 放掉，发出；泄露
let in 让……进入
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You have always been disappointing me；don't let me down again．
②I can tell you the truth，but you must promise not to let out the secret．
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，letting in the natural light during the day．
④Many foreign friends were very excited when Shenzhou-19 launched，let alone we Chinese people．
7．keep up with 跟上，保持同步
(1)keep at sth． 坚持做某事
keep sb．from doing sth． 阻止某人做某事
(2)keep back 保留；隐瞒；抑制
keep off 避开；防止；挡住
keep out of 使不进入……
keep up 保持；继续
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I managed to stick to the diet and kept off sweet foods．
②The heavy rain kept us from going out．
③Hearing the bad news，she couldn't keep back her tears．
④我希望好天气会保持下去。
I hope the fine weather will keep up．
8．crowd n．人群 vt．挤满；塞满
(1)a crowd of 一群，一伙
(2)crowd in 挤进
crowd out 挤出；推开
(3)crowded adj． 拥挤的
be crowded with... 挤满了……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I was nearly pushed over by a crowd of children．
②Many football fans crowded in when the gate was opened．
③Shops were crowded with customers looking over the colourful displays．
④在冬天，这个地方满是滑雪的人。
In winter，the place is crowded with skiers/skaters．
1．动词-ing形式短语作主语
(教材P30)Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more．
保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他必须多练习。
本句中的第一个that引导宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中being shorter than other players作主语。
(1)动词-ing形式短语直接位于句首作主语。
(2)用it作形式主语，把动词-ing形式短语(真正的主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动词-ing形式作主语时，不太常用 it 作形式主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词有：wonderful，enjoyable，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Reading (read) aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language．
②读那本书浪费时间。
It was a waste of time reading that book．
2．否定前置
(教材P31)“I don't think I can play anymore，coach，”I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee．
当医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上的时候，我平静地说：“我认为我不能再打球了，教练。”
本句中I don't think是否定前置，是指如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。
(1)当主句谓语动词是think，believe，feel，guess，expect，suppose，imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。
(2)这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我认为他不是个好的游泳选手，难道不是吗？
I don't think he is a good swimmer，is he？
②我相信他不会来。
I don't believe he will come．
[名师点津] (1)当主语为第一人称I，we时，通常反问的是从句；而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。
(2)若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能前移。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I would prefer playing outdoors to watching (watch) TV．
2．He rather than I is (be) going camping in two days'time．
3．The organisation is planning for a balanced (balance) budget．
4．The clothes designer chose several models to try on his newly designed clothes．
5．Fewer people desire to live (live) in the north of the country．
6．It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．我觉得我做不到。
I don't feel (that) I can do it．
2．经常锻炼有助于你的健康。
Working out regularly is of much benefit to your health．
3．用铁路运送这批货物会比用公路好。
It would be better to transport the goods by rail rather than by road．
4．他已清楚地表明了他要努力学习考上大学的愿望。
He made clear his desire that he (should) work hard to go to college．
5．来访的教授宁愿给学生做报告也不愿时常被邀请去开会。
The visiting professor preferred to give lectures to students rather than be invited to meetings at times．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Paul and I were 1．on the same basketball team and were both huge fans of the NBA．Paul liked Tyrone Bogues 2．who played for the Charlotte Hornets．Paul was only 1.6 metres tall，which meant that he had to practise more．Paul had to try out many times just for 3．making(make) the team．4．Being(be)just a replacement made him tough，although all of us knew Paul had real skills．
This week we 5．competed(compete)with The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect．6．Suddenly(sudden)，I crashed into a 7．player(play) and my knee hurt badly．And my team was ahead of us by 10 points．I told the coach that I couldn't play anymore and wanted Paul 8．to replace(replace) me．Finally，the coach gave him a chance and told him not to let us 9．down．Paul made shot after shot,and all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone 10．paid(pay) off．When the game ended，our team had won by two points．
7 / 7Period 3 语言知识讲练
1．rather than 而不是
(1)常用句型
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than ________ (complain)．
②Mary，rather than you，________ (be)to blame for not finishing the work on time．
我很满意，比起买一套新的，我更喜欢租这样的公寓。
③I'm quite satisfied，and I _________________________________．(prefer to do sth．rather than do sth．)
④I'm quite satisfied，and I ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
(would rather do sth． than do sth．)
⑤I'm quite satisfied，and I __________________________________．(would do sth． rather than do sth．)
2．balanced adj．均衡的
(1)a balanced diet 均衡饮食
(2)balance n． 平衡，均衡；天平
vt． 权衡；使平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance 失去平衡
on balance 总的来说
balance...against... 比较(两个相对的事物)；权衡重要性
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a ________ (balance) diet．
②________ balance，we have a good chance of winning the race．
③申请这份工作前，你最好权衡一下它的利与弊。
Before applying for the job，you'd better
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
3．try out for sth．参加……选拔
try out 试用，试验
try for sth． 试图获得或赢得某物
try sth．on 试穿(衣物)
try one's best to do sth． 尽力去做某事
try one's luck 碰碰运气
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Alison is trying ________ a job as a research assistant．
②We should try our best ________(attend)to our parents，and make them happy in their later years．
③It began when a teacher suggested I try out ________ the basketball team．
④这些队伍将要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔。
These teams are going to ________________________．
4．replacement n．替换的人(物)
(1)replace vt． 替换；取代
replace A by/with B 用B替代A
(2)表示“替代”的短语还有：
in place of＝in one's place
take the place of＝take one's place
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I am going to replace my battered car ________ a new one．
②We need a ________(replace) for the secretary who left．
③在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
Teachers will never ____________________ in the classroom．
5．desire n．渴望 vt．想要，渴望
(1)desire for sth． 渴望得到某物
have a desire to do/that... 有……的欲望/愿望
(2)desire to do sth． 渴望做某事
desire sb．to do sth． 想让某人做某事
desire that sb．(should) do 希望/要求某人做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and a strong desire ________ success．
②He desires me ________ (go) abroad for further education．
这个女孩渴望被这所著名的大学录取。
③This girl ________________________ the famous university．(desire to do sth．)
④This girl ____________________________ the famous university．(desire that...)
6．let sb．down 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
let alone 更不用说
let go (of) 放开，松手
let out 放掉，发出；泄露
let in 让……进入
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You have always been disappointing me；don't let me ________ again．
②I can tell you the truth，but you must promise not to let ________ the secret．
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，letting ________ the natural light during the day．
④Many foreign friends were very excited when Shenzhou-19 launched，let ________ we Chinese people．
7．keep up with 跟上，保持同步
(1)keep at sth． 坚持做某事
keep sb．from doing sth． 阻止某人做某事
(2)keep back 保留；隐瞒；抑制
keep off 避开；防止；挡住
keep out of 使不进入……
keep up 保持；继续
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I managed to stick to the diet and kept ________ sweet foods．
②The heavy rain kept us ________ going out．
③Hearing the bad news，she couldn't keep ________ her tears．
④我希望好天气会保持下去。
I hope the fine weather will __________________________________________.
8．crowd n．人群 vt．挤满；塞满
(1)a crowd of 一群，一伙
(2)crowd in 挤进
crowd out 挤出；推开
(3)crowded adj． 拥挤的
be crowded with... 挤满了……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I was nearly pushed over by a crowd ____________ children．
②Many football fans crowded ________ when the gate was opened．
③Shops were crowded ________ customers looking over the colourful displays．
④在冬天，这个地方满是滑雪的人。
In winter，the place __________________．
1．动词-ing形式短语作主语
(教材P30)Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more．
保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他必须多练习。
本句中的第一个that引导宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中being shorter than other players作主语。
(1)动词-ing形式短语直接位于句首作主语。
(2)用it作形式主语，把动词-ing形式短语(真正的主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动词-ing形式作主语时，不太常用 it 作形式主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词有：wonderful，enjoyable，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (read) aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language．
②读那本书浪费时间。
It was ____________________ that book．
2．否定前置
(教材P31)“I don't think I can play anymore，coach，”I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee．
当医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上的时候，我平静地说：“我认为我不能再打球了，教练。”
本句中I don't think是否定前置，是指如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。
(1)当主句谓语动词是think，believe，feel，guess，expect，suppose，imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。
(2)这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我认为他不是个好的游泳选手，难道不是吗？
I don't think he is a good swimmer，________________？
②我相信他不会来。
I ________________ he will come．
[名师点津] (1)当主语为第一人称I，we时，通常反问的是从句；而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。
(2)若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能前移。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I would prefer playing outdoors to ________ (watch) TV．
2．He rather than I ________ (be) going camping in two days'time．
3．The organisation is planning for a ________ (balance) budget．
4．The clothes designer chose several models to try ________ his newly designed clothes．
5．Fewer people desire ________ (live) in the north of the country．
6．It would take him the rest of his life to pay ________ that loan．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．我觉得我做不到。
____________________ I can do it．
2．经常锻炼有助于你的健康。
________________ is of much benefit to your health．
3．用铁路运送这批货物会比用公路好。
It would be better to transport the goods __________________.
4．他已清楚地表明了他要努力学习考上大学的愿望。
He made clear his desire that ____________________________．
5．来访的教授宁愿给学生做报告也不愿时常被邀请去开会。
The visiting professor preferred to give lectures to students rather than ________________________________．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Paul and I were 1．________ the same basketball team and were both huge fans of the NBA．Paul liked Tyrone Bogues 2．________
played for the Charlotte Hornets．Paul was only 1.6 metres tall，which meant that he had to practise more．Paul had to try out many times just for 3．________(make) the team．4．________(be)just a replacement made him tough，although all of us knew Paul had real skills．
This week we 5．________(compete)with The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect．6．________(sudden)，I crashed into a 7．________(play) and my knee hurt badly．And my team was ahead of us by 10 points．I told the coach that I couldn't play anymore and wanted Paul 8．________(replace) me．Finally，the coach gave him a chance and told him not to let us 9．________．Paul made shot after shot, and all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone 10．________(pay) off．When the game ended，our team had won by two points．
7 / 7
