素养测练(十二) UNIT 5 Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In my view,the (差距) between the two teams is closing all the time.
2.My car was short of (汽油) and I couldn’t drive it.
3.My friend invited me to his (公寓) to enjoy his new design.
4.I read English novels every day in order to enrich my (词汇).
5.The lady gave a detailed (描述) of the beautiful sights in the city.
6.I spent about an hour looking for the (地铁) station in the heavy fog.
7.His (要求) was that we should go to the training centre at once.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.All expenses are to be (equal) divided among them.
2.It is a (demand) role and she needs to work hard at it.
3.The park near my house is beautiful beyond (describe).
4.It is required that what you will write should be (relate) to everyday life.
5.The sight of those homeless people (beg) on the street made my heart ache.
6.If you have trouble a lesson,repeat it the next day.
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.It is indeed difficult (适应) another country’s customs.
2.The manager promised that they would try to (满足顾客的需求).
3.With the tour guide leading the way,we (找到……没有困难) the school.
4.This is quite important,because
(它直接关系到你的健康).
Ⅳ.句子语法填空
1.The reason he didn’t come to school was that he was ill.
2.I still remember the day I first went to the Palace Museum.
3.We visited the bike factory my father worked 20 years ago.
4.The film in he played the leading role was a great success.
5.I wanted to find someone with I could share my travel experience.
6.We have come to a point everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The English language is changing,and you are responsible!Whether we consider changes in grammar,spelling,pronunciation,or the very vocabulary of the language,you have played your part and continue to do so.
When we first learnt basic grammar and spelling,perhaps in elementary school,we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred (神圣的).The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable.While this way might be helpful for teaching children,it is far from accurate.
The English language,like many others,is a living,growing,ever-evolving(演变) thing.Like it or not,you are involved in this change.These changes take many forms.Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries,with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this.While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English,most of us would hardly recognise it today as the same language.
The first change involves changes in the pronunciation of words.Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words.In addition to these differences,the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them.For example,consider the word “err”.The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word “her”.Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation.However,in recent years,more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like “air”.Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words.The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language.Through the centuries,many words have come from other languages.In fact,English has probably done this more than any other language in the world,which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions.
Of course,many slang words (俚语) have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly.Others,though,have been adopted by main stream society and become respectable,as having many technical terms.So then remember,the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street,or make up your own words,you may be contributing to the future of the English language.
( )1.When we begin to learn English,what do we think
A.It is interesting to pick up a new language.
B.English rules are wrongly presented in fact.
C.Grammar and spelling rules are unchangeable.
D.Only adults have the ability to affect a language.
( )2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.We can change the English language.
B.Many languages are changing over years.
C.English has changed little in the past 1,000 years.
D.There were main changes in grammar and pronunciation.
( )3.Why is the pronunciation of words changing
A.Because people choose the way to pronounce them.
B.Because those words are too difficult to pronounce.
C.Because the spellings of words change.
D.Because technology develops greatly in modern society.
( )4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Foreign Words Involved in English
B.Slang Words Reshape the English World
C.English Language Is Changeable
D.The British Speak Differently from Americans
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英语一直在变化,无论是语法、拼写、发音还是语言词汇。在这些变化中,我们每个人都发挥作用,并且我们的影响将继续存在。
B
It is calculated that some of the world’s 7,000 languages are in danger of getting extinct. “For example,Ainu,a language in Japan,is now seriously threatened,with only 10 native speakers remaining,” said lead study author Tatsuya Amano at the University of Cambridge in England.
The scientists found that 25% of the world’s languages are threatened.After identifying where the endangered (濒危的) languages were,they looked for any environmental and social or economic factors those languages might have in common,such as poor areas or rapid population growth. “We find that at the global scale,language speaker declines are strongly linked to economic growth—that is,declines are particularly occurring in economically developed regions,” said Amano.
“One important finding of this new study is that languages in the tropics and Himalayan region are likely to be increasingly threatened in the near future,because these regions still have many local languages with a small number of speakers,and at the same time are experiencing rapid economic growth,” said Amano.
Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance,speakers of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities,and thus abandon their own languages. “There are other important factors that might endanger languages,” said the researchers. For instance,policies regarding how languages are used and taught in schools can be very different among countries and even within each country,and these factors may explain more detailed patterns in language endangerment.
Amano suggested it could be possible to forecast future threats to the diversity (多样化) of languages. “There exists detailed information on future changes in the environment,economies and climates,”Amano said. “Using such information,together with the findings of this study and further analysis,we would like to understand what will happen to the world’s languages,where it will happen and which languages will be threatened in particular.”
( )5.What can we know about Ainu
A.It has changed little over the years.
B.It threatens Japanese language.
C.It is a local language in Japan.
D.It is put under protection.
( )6.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.What should be taught in schools.
B.What might endanger a language.
C.How economic growth is achieved.
D.How a language becomes popular.
( )7.What does Amano mean in the last paragraph
A.We must take action to save the environment.
B.More and more languages will get missing.
C.It will be easier to learn language changes.
D.Factors threatening languages will double.
( )8.What can be known from the study
A.Over 7,000 languages have been threatened.
B.Local language must be spoken in every school.
C.It is possible to use only one language worldwide.
D.The number of tropics’ local language speakers may become smaller in the future.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了部分语言濒临消失的一些原因。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I first heard Spanish in 2017 while lining up to ride the London Eye.Two boys were standing ahead of me,and they were talking in the 1 language.I asked them what the language is,and they told me it was Spanish. 2 ,they taught me my first Spanish word,“hola”,and then we became friends.
In the fall of the same year,I 3 Spanish as a foreign language course in my entire high school.As the old saying goes,“There is nothing 4 to him who will try.” I had a burning desire and 5 to learn Spanish well.My strong interest helped me 6 .
Practice makes 7 .Though Spanish trills(颤音) were quite 8 at first,I insisted on learning it and repeatedly tried to 9 where to place my tongue to pronounce perfect trills.
There is no easy 10 to mastering a foreign language.Spanish conjugations(动词的变化形式) are much more complicated than English ones,so I practised more.The 11 of learning,forgetting and memorising continued.Meanwhile,I wrote emails or letters to my Spanish friends as practice and took all opportunities to talk with my Spanish teachers and people I met online to 12 my oral Spanish.
Patience is my middle name,and I 13 a long-term plan to learn Spanish well.I believe that success only 14 with practice,patience and persistence(毅力).There’s no end to
15 !
( )1.A.strongest B.sweetest
C.clearest D.sharpest
( )2.A.Therefore B.However
C.Besides D.Otherwise
( )3.A.chose B.regarded
C.dreamt D.reserved
( )4.A.unusual B.impressive
C.important D.impossible
( )5.A.persistence B.imagination
C.skill D.trick
( )6.A.quit B.graduate
C.succeed D.recover
( )7.A.positive B.graceful
C.powerful D.perfect
( )8.A.familiar B.difficult
C.useful D.dangerous
( )9.A.figure out B.help out
C.check out D.look out
( )10.A.attitude B.entrance
C.solution D.ticket
( )11.A.result B.cycle
C.task D.goal
( )12.A.decide B.keep
C.enjoy D.improve
( )13.A.doubt B.confirm
C.prefer D.consider
( )14.A.comes B.deals
C.competes D.communicates
( )15.A.playing B.talking
C.speaking D.learning
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学西班牙语的过程。
Ⅲ.写作训练
假设你是李华,是一名高一学生,你们班就英语学习现状进行了讨论,发现了一些问题。请你根据以下要求在网上写一篇博文进行咨询,希望得到网友的帮助。要点如下:
1.单词难记;
2.阅读生词多;
3.写作难下笔。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Today I’m writing this blog post to ask you for advice on some difficulties my classmates and I have met in our English studies.
Since we entered senior high school,English has become increasingly difficult.And it has proved to be a tough job to try to remember so many new English words.What’s worse,when reading English articles,we meet some words we don’t know,which makes it hard for us to understand the articles.When it comes to English writing,we don’t know how to start writing or how to organise the main points.
These difficulties worry us a lot.I would appreciate it if you could offer us some suggestions about these problems.素养测练(十二) UNIT 5 Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In my view,the (差距) between the two teams is closing all the time.
2.My car was short of (汽油) and I couldn’t drive it.
3.My friend invited me to his (公寓) to enjoy his new design.
4.I read English novels every day in order to enrich my (词汇).
5.The lady gave a detailed (描述) of the beautiful sights in the city.
6.I spent about an hour looking for the (地铁) station in the heavy fog.
7.His (要求) was that we should go to the training centre at once.
答案:1.gap 2.petrol 3.apartment 4.vocabulary 5.description 6.subway 7.demand
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.All expenses are to be (equal) divided among them.
2.It is a (demand) role and she needs to work hard at it.
3.The park near my house is beautiful beyond (describe).
4.It is required that what you will write should be (relate) to everyday life.
5.The sight of those homeless people (beg) on the street made my heart ache.
6.If you have trouble a lesson,repeat it the next day.
答案:1.equally 2.demanding 3.description 4.related 5.begging 6.with
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.It is indeed difficult (适应) another country’s customs.
2.The manager promised that they would try to (满足顾客的需求).
3.With the tour guide leading the way,we (找到……没有困难) the school.
4.This is quite important,because
(它直接关系到你的健康).
答案:1.to get used to 2.satisfy their customers’ demands 3.had no trouble/difficulty (in) finding 4.it is directly related to your health
Ⅳ.句子语法填空
1.The reason he didn’t come to school was that he was ill.
2.I still remember the day I first went to the Palace Museum.
3.We visited the bike factory my father worked 20 years ago.
4.The film in he played the leading role was a great success.
5.I wanted to find someone with I could share my travel experience.
6.We have come to a point everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
答案:1.why 2.when 3.where 4.which 5.whom 6.where
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The English language is changing,and you are responsible!Whether we consider changes in grammar,spelling,pronunciation,or the very vocabulary of the language,you have played your part and continue to do so.
When we first learnt basic grammar and spelling,perhaps in elementary school,we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred (神圣的).The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable.While this way might be helpful for teaching children,it is far from accurate.
The English language,like many others,is a living,growing,ever-evolving(演变) thing.Like it or not,you are involved in this change.These changes take many forms.Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries,with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this.While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English,most of us would hardly recognise it today as the same language.
The first change involves changes in the pronunciation of words.Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words.In addition to these differences,the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them.For example,consider the word “err”.The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word “her”.Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation.However,in recent years,more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like “air”.Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words.The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language.Through the centuries,many words have come from other languages.In fact,English has probably done this more than any other language in the world,which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions.
Of course,many slang words (俚语) have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly.Others,though,have been adopted by main stream society and become respectable,as having many technical terms.So then remember,the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street,or make up your own words,you may be contributing to the future of the English language.
( )1.When we begin to learn English,what do we think
A.It is interesting to pick up a new language.
B.English rules are wrongly presented in fact.
C.Grammar and spelling rules are unchangeable.
D.Only adults have the ability to affect a language.
( )2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.We can change the English language.
B.Many languages are changing over years.
C.English has changed little in the past 1,000 years.
D.There were main changes in grammar and pronunciation.
( )3.Why is the pronunciation of words changing
A.Because people choose the way to pronounce them.
B.Because those words are too difficult to pronounce.
C.Because the spellings of words change.
D.Because technology develops greatly in modern society.
( )4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Foreign Words Involved in English
B.Slang Words Reshape the English World
C.English Language Is Changeable
D.The British Speak Differently from Americans
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英语一直在变化,无论是语法、拼写、发音还是语言词汇。在这些变化中,我们每个人都发挥作用,并且我们的影响将继续存在。
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、第二句可知,当我们开始学习英语时,我们认为语法和拼写规则是不可改变的。故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The English language... today a reflection of this.”可知,许多语言多年来都在变化。故选B。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知,人们不同的发音的方式导致了单词发音不同。故选A。
4.C 标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句并结合文章主要内容可知,英语和其他许多语言一样,是一种活的、成长的、不断进化的语言,同时文章也分析了英语发生变化的原因。由此可知,C项最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
B
It is calculated that some of the world’s 7,000 languages are in danger of getting extinct. “For example,Ainu,a language in Japan,is now seriously threatened,with only 10 native speakers remaining,” said lead study author Tatsuya Amano at the University of Cambridge in England.
The scientists found that 25% of the world’s languages are threatened.After identifying where the endangered (濒危的) languages were,they looked for any environmental and social or economic factors those languages might have in common,such as poor areas or rapid population growth. “We find that at the global scale,language speaker declines are strongly linked to economic growth—that is,declines are particularly occurring in economically developed regions,” said Amano.
“One important finding of this new study is that languages in the tropics and Himalayan region are likely to be increasingly threatened in the near future,because these regions still have many local languages with a small number of speakers,and at the same time are experiencing rapid economic growth,” said Amano.
Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance,speakers of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities,and thus abandon their own languages. “There are other important factors that might endanger languages,” said the researchers. For instance,policies regarding how languages are used and taught in schools can be very different among countries and even within each country,and these factors may explain more detailed patterns in language endangerment.
Amano suggested it could be possible to forecast future threats to the diversity (多样化) of languages. “There exists detailed information on future changes in the environment,economies and climates,”Amano said. “Using such information,together with the findings of this study and further analysis,we would like to understand what will happen to the world’s languages,where it will happen and which languages will be threatened in particular.”
( )5.What can we know about Ainu
A.It has changed little over the years.
B.It threatens Japanese language.
C.It is a local language in Japan.
D.It is put under protection.
( )6.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.What should be taught in schools.
B.What might endanger a language.
C.How economic growth is achieved.
D.How a language becomes popular.
( )7.What does Amano mean in the last paragraph
A.We must take action to save the environment.
B.More and more languages will get missing.
C.It will be easier to learn language changes.
D.Factors threatening languages will double.
( )8.What can be known from the study
A.Over 7,000 languages have been threatened.
B.Local language must be spoken in every school.
C.It is possible to use only one language worldwide.
D.The number of tropics’ local language speakers may become smaller in the future.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了部分语言濒临消失的一些原因。
答案及剖析:
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,Ainu是日本的一种地方语言。故选C。
6.B 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要讲述经济发展、政府政策等多种因素会导致本土语言濒临消失,也就是什么可能会威胁到一种语言。故选B。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可推知,Amano认为随着研究的深入,人们会更容易知晓语言的变化。故选C。
8.D 推理判断题。根据文章大意,尤其是第三段内容可推知,热带地区的语言在不久的将来可能受到越来越大的威胁,即说当地语言的人在未来可能会变少。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I first heard Spanish in 2017 while lining up to ride the London Eye.Two boys were standing ahead of me,and they were talking in the 1 language.I asked them what the language is,and they told me it was Spanish. 2 ,they taught me my first Spanish word,“hola”,and then we became friends.
In the fall of the same year,I 3 Spanish as a foreign language course in my entire high school.As the old saying goes,“There is nothing 4 to him who will try.” I had a burning desire and 5 to learn Spanish well.My strong interest helped me 6 .
Practice makes 7 .Though Spanish trills(颤音) were quite 8 at first,I insisted on learning it and repeatedly tried to 9 where to place my tongue to pronounce perfect trills.
There is no easy 10 to mastering a foreign language.Spanish conjugations(动词的变化形式) are much more complicated than English ones,so I practised more.The 11 of learning,forgetting and memorising continued.Meanwhile,I wrote emails or letters to my Spanish friends as practice and took all opportunities to talk with my Spanish teachers and people I met online to 12 my oral Spanish.
Patience is my middle name,and I 13 a long-term plan to learn Spanish well.I believe that success only 14 with practice,patience and persistence(毅力).There’s no end to
15 !
( )1.A.strongest B.sweetest
C.clearest D.sharpest
( )2.A.Therefore B.However
C.Besides D.Otherwise
( )3.A.chose B.regarded
C.dreamt D.reserved
( )4.A.unusual B.impressive
C.important D.impossible
( )5.A.persistence B.imagination
C.skill D.trick
( )6.A.quit B.graduate
C.succeed D.recover
( )7.A.positive B.graceful
C.powerful D.perfect
( )8.A.familiar B.difficult
C.useful D.dangerous
( )9.A.figure out B.help out
C.check out D.look out
( )10.A.attitude B.entrance
C.solution D.ticket
( )11.A.result B.cycle
C.task D.goal
( )12.A.decide B.keep
C.enjoy D.improve
( )13.A.doubt B.confirm
C.prefer D.consider
( )14.A.comes B.deals
C.competes D.communicates
( )15.A.playing B.talking
C.speaking D.learning
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学西班牙语的过程。
答案及剖析:
1.B 根据下文可知,这种语言让作者产生了兴趣,因此在作者看来这是最甜美的(sweetest)语言。故选B。
2.C 根据前后两句话可知,两位男生不仅告诉作者这是西班牙语,而且还教会了作者第一个西班牙语单词,前后句子之间存在一种递进关系,Besides符合语境。故选C。
3.A 根据下文“Spanish as a foreign language course in my entire high school”可知,此处指选择(chose)课程。故选A。
4.D 根据空后“who will try”可知,作者想表达勇于尝试的人没有做不到的(impossible)事。故选D。
5.A 根据下文可知,学好西班牙语需要有热切的渴望以及顽强的毅力(persistence)。故选A。
6.C 根据下文可知,作者通过不懈努力克服了学习中遇到的困难,最终成功(succeed)掌握了西班牙语。故选C。
7.D 本句是一句谚语,即“熟能生巧”。故选D。
8.B 根据下文作者需要不断地去弄清楚舌位可知,开始的时候颤音对于作者是非常难(difficult)学的。故选B。
9.A 根据上文,颤音很难,需要把舌头放在正确的位置才能发出来,所以要先搞清楚(figure out)舌头的位置,才能发出完美的颤音。故选A。
10.C 根据下文“so I practised more”可知,学习外语需要不断练习,没有容易的解决方案(solution)。故选C。
11.B 根据遗忘再记忆的学习规律可知,练习西班牙语就是不断学习、遗忘、记忆的过程,循环(cycle)往复。故选B。
12.D 作者在生活中尝试用不同的方法练习学习的语言,目的是提升(improve)口语能力。故选D。
13.C 根据下文“I believe that success only 14 with practice...”可知,作者有耐心,更愿意(prefer)花长时间去学好西班牙语。故选C。
14.A 固定短语come with意为“伴随……发生”,with表示伴随。此处是说成功伴随着练习、耐心以及毅力。故选A。
15.D 纵观全文,作者讲述的是自己学习的故事,所以最后得到的感悟是:学(learning)无止境!故选D。
Ⅲ.写作训练
假设你是李华,是一名高一学生,你们班就英语学习现状进行了讨论,发现了一些问题。请你根据以下要求在网上写一篇博文进行咨询,希望得到网友的帮助。要点如下:
1.单词难记;
2.阅读生词多;
3.写作难下笔。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Today I’m writing this blog post to ask you for advice on some difficulties my classmates and I have met in our English studies.
Since we entered senior high school,English has become increasingly difficult.And it has proved to be a tough job to try to remember so many new English words.What’s worse,when reading English articles,we meet some words we don’t know,which makes it hard for us to understand the articles.When it comes to English writing,we don’t know how to start writing or how to organise the main points.
These difficulties worry us a lot.I would appreciate it if you could offer us some suggestions about these problems.素养测练(十一) UNIT 5 Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We would (感激) your letting us know of any problem.
2.Our teacher encouraged us to read English (名著) to enlarge our vocabulary.
3.Huge waves caused by the hurricane struck the coastlines of the country,causing a loss of three
(十亿) dollars.
4.The new (制度) has had a good effect on productivity.
5.As you get older,your (态度) towards life changes.
6.The expert walked to the stone to see the (文字) carved in it.
7.The bad weather is an important (因素) in the failure of the project.
8.They were working outside (尽管) the heavy rain.
9.In summary,there is a (具体的)difference between right and wrong.
答案:1.appreciate 2.classics 3.billion 4.system 5.attitude 6.characters 7.factor 8.despite 9.specific
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The Spring Festival is (regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.
2.The researcher says the tiger is native China.
3.His story is (base) on his own experience when he was studying in Harvard University.
4.Students must be encouraged to do their homework using (refer) books.
5.As China has played a greater role in (globe) affairs,more and more foreigners pay attention to Chinese culture.
6.A (vary) of food is sold in the supermarket which is close to my home.
7.No matter what happens,we will never stop struggling a better future for our hometown.
8.His speech called for a step change in attitudes the environment in the 21st century.
9.I wish to express my (appreciate) for your kindness.
10.Many of our physical (character) just come from our parents or even grandparents.
11.What is well known to us all is that success is made up of three important (factor):talent,diligence and luck.
答案:1.regarded 2.to 3.based 4.reference 5.global 6.variety 7.for 8.to/towards
9.appreciation 10.characteristics 11.factors
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word,you may (参考) the dictionary.
2.As far as I know,the old town (追溯到) the early Tang Dynasty.
3.To tell the truth,information technology (在……中扮演重要角色) shaping our lives.
4.There is no doubt that life has its (起起伏伏),but how we deal with them can make a difference.
5. (很多) students are planting trees on the hill.
6.The teacher explained the problem (通过) an example.
答案:1.refer to 2.dates back to 3.plays an important role in 4.ups and downs
5.A number of 6.by means of
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand.And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges.
Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese.Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience,researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch (音调).
One of the study’s authors,Nina Kraus,said the findings suggested that studying music “actually tunes our sensory system”.This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programmes.She said music training might also help children with language problems.
Putonghua(standard spoken Chinese) speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding (编码) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do.This is because in Putonghua and other Asian languages,pitch plays a central role.A single-syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned.
For this study,the researchers looked at 20 non-Chinese speaking volunteers,half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years.
As they were shown a movie,the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Putonghua word “mi” in three of its meanings:squint,bewilder and rice.The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds.Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds.
The lead author of the study,Patrick C.M. Wong,said it might work both ways.It appears that native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments.
( )1.Why does Chinese learning have something to do with music training
A.Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music.
B.Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain.
C.Because music training might help people with language study.
D.Because people who do well in Chinese study do well in music.
( )2.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “intoned” in the fourth paragraph
A.Created. B.Spelled.
C.Seemed. D.Pronounced.
( )3.What would be the best title for this passage
A.Putonghua Speakers Are Smarter than English Speakers
B.Pitch Plays a Central Role in Chinese Learning
C.Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language Study
D.Schools Need to Develop Music Programmes
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了受过音乐训练的人学习语言更容易些。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,学习这两种技能(音乐和语言)使用了大脑的相同部分。故选B。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后两句可知,在普通话和其他亚洲语言中,音调起着关键的作用。故选D。
3.C 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句可知,研究表明,受过音乐训练的人学汉语更容易,因此C项最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
B
Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn,a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.
2 November 2019 saw more than 120 people,coming from 105 countries,compete in the finals of the 12th “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students.Held in Zhengzhou,Henan Province,the finals were mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows.The contestants (选手) also visited the Shaolin Temple,Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.
While reasons for learning Chinese were different,a common one was interest in the country’s rich culture and rapid development.
Raissa,from the Union of the Comoros,developed a strong emotional(情感的) connection with China after her grandmother was cured (治疗) by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa.This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute (孔子学院).
Fascinated by Chinese culture,the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.“My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did,” she said.
For Fekete Marcell Zoltan,from the Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School,studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat(外交官) to China.“After graduation from high school,I would like to further my studies in China,” he said.
Robert Davis,director of the Chinese-language programme in Chicago’s public school system,may give you a hint.“Chinese isn’t the new French.It’s the new English,which is widely used all over the world,” he told the media.
( )4.Which of the following words can raplace the underlined word “Fascinated” in
Paragraph 5
A.Inspected. B.Employed.
C.Attracted. D.Appreciated.
( )5.What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese
A.It’s easy to learn.
B.They want to become doctors.
C.They hope for a good job after graduation.
D.They have interest in Chinese culture and China’s rapid development.
( )6.What is Robert Davis’ attitude to learning Chinese
A.Doubtful. B.Supportive.
C.Indifferent. D.Upset.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。
答案及剖析:
4.C 词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句可知,是由于被中国文化吸引,Raissa才参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动,因此Fascinated应表示“吸引”。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国的丰富的文化和快速的发展感兴趣。故选D。
6.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Robert Davis说的话可知,他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛使用,也就是说他对学习汉语的态度应是支持的。故选B。
C
If you’ve ever learnt a new language,you know how difficult it can be. Learning a new language,especially after early childhood,can be a huge task,burdened by long vocabulary lists to memorise,and troublesome tenses to master. However,it’s worth the effort. In today’s interconnected world,learning a new language can change your life. It will certainly change your brain.
John Grundy,a neuroscientist in bilingualism and the brain at Iowa State University,explains when you learn a new language,your brain gets rearranged,new connections are made and new pathways are formed. Grundy offers a useful analogy (类比):Imagine that you always take the same route to work. Then one day,the road is washed out. Now what If you’d varied your route over the years,you’d have options already in mind. You could hop on another road. “It’s really just a remodeling of the brain that allows it to become more efficient,” Grundy says.
A 2012 study found that this remodeling can be significant. After three months of intense language study,recruits at the Swedish Armed Forces Interpreter Academy had increases in cortical (脑皮层的) thickness in areas associated with language processing.
And the remodeling doesn’t help with only language functions. Ashley Chung-Fat-Yim,who researches bilingualism at Northwestern University,says knowing a second language can help prevent cognitive decline. “There is a consistent finding that bilinguals are able to stave off symptoms of dementia (失智症) for about four to six years compared to monolinguals,” says Grundy.
If you’re thinking it’s too late,you’re probably wrong. When it comes to adding on a new one,adults aren’t at as much of a disadvantage as you might think. Chung-Fat-Yim says it’s not so much the age at which you learn a new language as the way you learn it. If you practise a lot and immerse yourself in the language,you can see the benefits at any age,especially when you get older.
( )7.What can we know about learning a new language from the text
A.It is risky. B.It is effortless.
C.It is rewarding. D.It is enjoyable.
( )8.What happens to your brain when you learn a new language
A.It becomes messy.
B.It becomes stable.
C.It gets more efficient.
D.It gets less creative.
( )9.What do the underlined words “stave off” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Extend. B.Delay.
C.Show. D.Worsen.
( )10.What message does Chung-Fat-Yim try to convey in the last paragraph
A.It’s never too late to learn.
B.He who laughs last laughs best.
C.The early bird catches the worm.
D.Slow and steady wins the race.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了学习新语言可以提升我们的大脑功能,并且给我们带来语言学习方面以外的好处。
答案及剖析:
7.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后三句可知,辛苦地学习一门语言是值得的,它可以带来很多改变。故选C。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,我们的大脑会产生新的联系和通道,从而更加高效地运行。故选C。
9.B 短语猜测题。根据第四段的第一句可知,本段在讲学习另一门语言对我们的好处,结合画线短语所在句的句意可知,双语习得者会比单语习得者晚四到六年出现失智症症状。故选B。
10.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,只要全身心投入语言学习,任何年龄阶段都是可以学语言的。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
Do you want to find out how you can learn a new language quickly There are really no secrets. You just need to be willing to work hard and not be afraid to make mistakes. 1.
Connect with a native speaker.
The best way to learn a new language is to speak it. Too often,people spend all of their time studying grammar and memorising lists of words. 2. You’ll feel much more motivated about learning the language than staring at a book or computer screen.
3.
People often have claimed to have studied a language “for five years” and still not be fluent. But when they say five years,they probably mean that they studied the language for only a couple of hours a week over that entire time period.Let’s get one thing clear:If you want to learn a new language successfully,you’re going to have to study the language every day.
Carry a dictionary at all times.
Carrying a dictionary with you will save you a lot of time.4. It can be an actual,physical dictionary,or a dictionary APP on your phone—you just need to be able to consult it quickly whenever you need a word.
Watch,listen,read and write in your chosen language.
Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. You should also attempt to read and write in your new language. Besides,download podcasts (播客) or tune in to radio stations in your new language. 5. You can try to repeat or retell a sentence,a paragraph or the whole text in your own language.
A.Learn the language daily.
B.So get one as soon as possible!
C.The following tips may help you.
D.Speaking with a real,live person will help you.
E.Reading is of great importance in language learning.
F.A big dictionary may be inconvenient for you to use at any time.
G.This is a great way to immerse (使沉浸于) yourself in the language while you’re on the go.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章就怎样学好一门语言给出了一些建议。
答案及剖析:
1.C 根据上文“Do you want to find out...to make mistakes.”可知,这里主要在讲学习一门语言的秘诀,C项符合语境,The following tips与下文的小标题对应,所以C项承上启下。故选C。
2.D 根据下文“You’ll feel...or computer screen.”可知,此空应讲一种学语言的方法,这比盯着书或电脑屏幕更有用。D项符合语境,其中“Speaking with a real,live person”与小标题“Connect with a native speaker.”对应,且D项与下句也有因果关系。故选D。
3.A 根据本段内容可知,本段主要讲应坚持每天学习语言。A项符合语境,对本段有总结作用。故选A。
4.B 根据上文“Carrying a dictionary with you will save you a lot of time. ”可知,这里主要讲运用字典有助于语言学习。B项符合语境,和上文有因果关系,其中one和上文中的a dictionary呼应。故选B。
5.G 根据上文“Besides,download...in your new language.”可知,作者在这里建议学习一门新的语言时可以利用广播,G项符合语境。其中This指代上文中的“download podcasts (播客) or tune in to radio stations”。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In recent years,1. increasing number of people start to learn Chinese.“There’s a nice Chinese saying:Sprouting (生长) up like bamboo shoots after the spring rain,and that’s 2. (real) what it is like,” says a famous professor.
Maya Lance,from Huston in America,3. (learn) Chinese at the school for more than 3 years.Her mother says,“I hope it can help her in some way in the future,like employment.We all know China is the second 4. (big) economy now and is on its way to number one.”
The Confucius Institute (孔子学院) may also have played a role 5. the rapid development of Chinese language.Established in 2004 by China 6. (promote) Chinese language and culture around the world,there are now more than 500 Confucius Institutes at colleges and universities all over the world 7. (offer) language classes and cultural tours to students and the public.
Students could also 8. (draw) to Chinese because,as the official language of China and one of the four official languages of Singapore,it is the most popular language in the world.This is one of the 9. (reason) that Agata decided to learn Chinese.“I thought if I learn Chinese,I could communicate with a billion more people 10. speak it,” she says.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了越来越多的人开始学习汉语,并说明了其原因。
答案及剖析:
1.an 考查冠词。空处应填不定冠词,increasing以元音音素开头。an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”。故填an。
2.really 考查副词。分析句子可知,空处修饰and之后的整个句子,应用副词形式作状语。故填really。
3.has learnt 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for more than 3 years可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是Maya Lance,谓语应用has learnt。故填has learnt。
4.biggest 考查形容词最高级。此处表示中国是第二大经济体,空处应用形容词最高级形式。故填biggest。
5.in 考查介词。固定短语play a role in,意为“在……中发挥作用”。故填in。
6.to promote 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处作状语,表示目的,应用不定式形式。故填to promote。
7.offering 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处应用非谓语动词,offer与逻辑主语Confucius Institutes之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。故填offering。
8.be drawn 考查被动语态。分析句子可知,空处作谓语,draw与主语Students之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,空前有could,其后be应用原形。故填be drawn。
9.reasons 考查名词复数。“one of+可数名词复数形式”意为“……之一”。故填reasons。
10.who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词people,指人,关系词在从句中作主语。故填who/that。素养测练(十一) UNIT 5 Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We would (感激) your letting us know of any problem.
2.Our teacher encouraged us to read English (名著) to enlarge our vocabulary.
3.Huge waves caused by the hurricane struck the coastlines of the country,causing a loss of three
(十亿) dollars.
4.The new (制度) has had a good effect on productivity.
5.As you get older,your (态度) towards life changes.
6.The expert walked to the stone to see the (文字) carved in it.
7.The bad weather is an important (因素) in the failure of the project.
8.They were working outside (尽管) the heavy rain.
9.In summary,there is a (具体的)difference between right and wrong.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The Spring Festival is (regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.
2.The researcher says the tiger is native China.
3.His story is (base) on his own experience when he was studying in Harvard University.
4.Students must be encouraged to do their homework using (refer) books.
5.As China has played a greater role in (globe) affairs,more and more foreigners pay attention to Chinese culture.
6.A (vary) of food is sold in the supermarket which is close to my home.
7.No matter what happens,we will never stop struggling a better future for our hometown.
8.His speech called for a step change in attitudes the environment in the 21st century.
9.I wish to express my (appreciate) for your kindness.
10.Many of our physical (character) just come from our parents or even grandparents.
11.What is well known to us all is that success is made up of three important (factor):talent,diligence and luck.
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word,you may (参考) the dictionary.
2.As far as I know,the old town (追溯到) the early Tang Dynasty.
3.To tell the truth,information technology (在……中扮演重要角色) shaping our lives.
4.There is no doubt that life has its (起起伏伏),but how we deal with them can make a difference.
5. (很多) students are planting trees on the hill.
6.The teacher explained the problem (通过) an example.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand.And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges.
Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese.Writing in the online edition of Nature Neuroscience,researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch (音调).
One of the study’s authors,Nina Kraus,said the findings suggested that studying music “actually tunes our sensory system”.This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programmes.She said music training might also help children with language problems.
Putonghua(standard spoken Chinese) speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding (编码) of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do.This is because in Putonghua and other Asian languages,pitch plays a central role.A single-syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is intoned.
For this study,the researchers looked at 20 non-Chinese speaking volunteers,half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years.
As they were shown a movie,the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Putonghua word “mi” in three of its meanings:squint,bewilder and rice.The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds.Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds.
The lead author of the study,Patrick C.M. Wong,said it might work both ways.It appears that native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments.
( )1.Why does Chinese learning have something to do with music training
A.Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music.
B.Because skills to learn the two make use of the same parts of the brain.
C.Because music training might help people with language study.
D.Because people who do well in Chinese study do well in music.
( )2.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “intoned” in the fourth paragraph
A.Created. B.Spelled.
C.Seemed. D.Pronounced.
( )3.What would be the best title for this passage
A.Putonghua Speakers Are Smarter than English Speakers
B.Pitch Plays a Central Role in Chinese Learning
C.Skilled Ear for Music May Help Language Study
D.Schools Need to Develop Music Programmes
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了受过音乐训练的人学习语言更容易些。
B
Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn,a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.
2 November 2019 saw more than 120 people,coming from 105 countries,compete in the finals of the 12th “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students.Held in Zhengzhou,Henan Province,the finals were mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows.The contestants (选手) also visited the Shaolin Temple,Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.
While reasons for learning Chinese were different,a common one was interest in the country’s rich culture and rapid development.
Raissa,from the Union of the Comoros,developed a strong emotional(情感的) connection with China after her grandmother was cured (治疗) by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa.This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute (孔子学院).
Fascinated by Chinese culture,the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.“My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did,” she said.
For Fekete Marcell Zoltan,from the Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School,studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat(外交官) to China.“After graduation from high school,I would like to further my studies in China,” he said.
Robert Davis,director of the Chinese-language programme in Chicago’s public school system,may give you a hint.“Chinese isn’t the new French.It’s the new English,which is widely used all over the world,” he told the media.
( )4.Which of the following words can raplace the underlined word “Fascinated” in
Paragraph 5
A.Inspected. B.Employed.
C.Attracted. D.Appreciated.
( )5.What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese
A.It’s easy to learn.
B.They want to become doctors.
C.They hope for a good job after graduation.
D.They have interest in Chinese culture and China’s rapid development.
( )6.What is Robert Davis’ attitude to learning Chinese
A.Doubtful. B.Supportive.
C.Indifferent. D.Upset.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。
C
If you’ve ever learnt a new language,you know how difficult it can be. Learning a new language,especially after early childhood,can be a huge task,burdened by long vocabulary lists to memorise,and troublesome tenses to master. However,it’s worth the effort. In today’s interconnected world,learning a new language can change your life. It will certainly change your brain.
John Grundy,a neuroscientist in bilingualism and the brain at Iowa State University,explains when you learn a new language,your brain gets rearranged,new connections are made and new pathways are formed. Grundy offers a useful analogy (类比):Imagine that you always take the same route to work. Then one day,the road is washed out. Now what If you’d varied your route over the years,you’d have options already in mind. You could hop on another road. “It’s really just a remodeling of the brain that allows it to become more efficient,” Grundy says.
A 2012 study found that this remodeling can be significant. After three months of intense language study,recruits at the Swedish Armed Forces Interpreter Academy had increases in cortical (脑皮层的) thickness in areas associated with language processing.
And the remodeling doesn’t help with only language functions. Ashley Chung-Fat-Yim,who researches bilingualism at Northwestern University,says knowing a second language can help prevent cognitive decline. “There is a consistent finding that bilinguals are able to stave off symptoms of dementia (失智症) for about four to six years compared to monolinguals,” says Grundy.
If you’re thinking it’s too late,you’re probably wrong. When it comes to adding on a new one,adults aren’t at as much of a disadvantage as you might think. Chung-Fat-Yim says it’s not so much the age at which you learn a new language as the way you learn it. If you practise a lot and immerse yourself in the language,you can see the benefits at any age,especially when you get older.
( )7.What can we know about learning a new language from the text
A.It is risky. B.It is effortless.
C.It is rewarding. D.It is enjoyable.
( )8.What happens to your brain when you learn a new language
A.It becomes messy.
B.It becomes stable.
C.It gets more efficient.
D.It gets less creative.
( )9.What do the underlined words “stave off” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Extend. B.Delay.
C.Show. D.Worsen.
( )10.What message does Chung-Fat-Yim try to convey in the last paragraph
A.It’s never too late to learn.
B.He who laughs last laughs best.
C.The early bird catches the worm.
D.Slow and steady wins the race.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了学习新语言可以提升我们的大脑功能,并且给我们带来语言学习方面以外的好处。
Ⅱ.七选五
Do you want to find out how you can learn a new language quickly There are really no secrets. You just need to be willing to work hard and not be afraid to make mistakes. 1.
Connect with a native speaker.
The best way to learn a new language is to speak it. Too often,people spend all of their time studying grammar and memorising lists of words. 2. You’ll feel much more motivated about learning the language than staring at a book or computer screen.
3.
People often have claimed to have studied a language “for five years” and still not be fluent. But when they say five years,they probably mean that they studied the language for only a couple of hours a week over that entire time period.Let’s get one thing clear:If you want to learn a new language successfully,you’re going to have to study the language every day.
Carry a dictionary at all times.
Carrying a dictionary with you will save you a lot of time.4. It can be an actual,physical dictionary,or a dictionary APP on your phone—you just need to be able to consult it quickly whenever you need a word.
Watch,listen,read and write in your chosen language.
Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. You should also attempt to read and write in your new language. Besides,download podcasts (播客) or tune in to radio stations in your new language. 5. You can try to repeat or retell a sentence,a paragraph or the whole text in your own language.
A.Learn the language daily.
B.So get one as soon as possible!
C.The following tips may help you.
D.Speaking with a real,live person will help you.
E.Reading is of great importance in language learning.
F.A big dictionary may be inconvenient for you to use at any time.
G.This is a great way to immerse (使沉浸于) yourself in the language while you’re on the go.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章就怎样学好一门语言给出了一些建议。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In recent years,1. increasing number of people start to learn Chinese.“There’s a nice Chinese saying:Sprouting (生长) up like bamboo shoots after the spring rain,and that’s 2. (real) what it is like,” says a famous professor.
Maya Lance,from Huston in America,3. (learn) Chinese at the school for more than 3 years.Her mother says,“I hope it can help her in some way in the future,like employment.We all know China is the second 4. (big) economy now and is on its way to number one.”
The Confucius Institute (孔子学院) may also have played a role 5. the rapid development of Chinese language.Established in 2004 by China 6. (promote) Chinese language and culture around the world,there are now more than 500 Confucius Institutes at colleges and universities all over the world 7. (offer) language classes and cultural tours to students and the public.
Students could also 8. (draw) to Chinese because,as the official language of China and one of the four official languages of Singapore,it is the most popular language in the world.This is one of the 9. (reason) that Agata decided to learn Chinese.“I thought if I learn Chinese,I could communicate with a billion more people 10. speak it,” she says.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了越来越多的人开始学习汉语,并说明了其原因。
