Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共35张PPT)人教版（2019）必修第三册

(共35张PPT)
Discovering useful structures
现在分词作状语和宾语补语
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
To be familiar with the function of present participles as the Object complement and Adverbial.
To learn to describe people’s action
Review
What is the objective complement
1. Objective complement 宾语补语
Exp. Everyone calls him Tom.
(宾语)
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
宾语补足语
某些及物动词
直接宾语 （名词或代词）
+
+
宾语补足语一般放在宾语______, 对宾语_________的作用。
之后
补充说明
Review
What is the Adverbial
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者句子。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或起副词作用的词或短语来充当，状语一般放在句子末尾。
2. Adverbial 状语
1. He did it carefully.
2. I miss you very much.
3. She went to the library yesterday.
4. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
5. In order to catch up with my classmates, I should study hard.
6. When I was young, I could swim well.
What is the present participle
The present participle 现在分词
现在分词是分词的一种，属于非谓语动词，表现形式是doing，即动词的现在分词形式；与之并列的概念是过去分词。现在分词既保留了动词的用法，又具备了形容词或副词的功能。因此，在句中常用作表语、定语、状语以及宾语补语。现在分词可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，这通常与过去分词区分开来。
Review
Exercise
Read the sentences below and discuss the functions and meanings of the -ing form.
1. … her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
2. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr. Lin opened a private clinic.
3. The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr. Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
（伴随）状语
（原因）状语
宾语补语
Exercise
Read the sentences below and discuss the functions and meanings of the -ing form.
1. To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired
2. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the "mother of ten thousand babies", having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
3. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
（伴随）状语
（原因）状语
宾语补语
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
一、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，兼有动词和形容词的特征，在句中可作表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语，一般表示进行或主动的意思。
动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和句子的主语是主动关系。
动词-ing形式在句中可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随和结果状语。
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
1. 作时间状语
e.g. Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.
一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。
将下面的时间状语从句改写成简单句。
When he walked out of the room, he saw a dog.
Walking out of the room, he saw a dog.
分析：see的动作是由其逻辑主语he发出，与句子的主语he一致，且构成主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
2. 作原因状语
e.g. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
因为生病了，他昨天没有上学。
分析: He is ill是He didn’t go to school的原因。be的逻辑主语和句子主语是一致, 主动关系。
翻译句子：由于不认路，他迷路了。
As he ____________________, he got lost.
didn’t know the way
Not knowing the way, he got lost.
动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
3. 作条件状语
e.g. Turning to the left, you will see a school.
向左转你就会看到一所学校。
翻译句子：努力学习, 我们就会成功。
If we ___________ , we will succeed.
study hard
Studying hard , we will succeed.
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
4. 作让步状语
e.g. Granting this to be true, we cannot explain it.
虽然我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。
翻译句子：虽然知道它很难，我也不放弃。
Although I _________________, I don’t give up.
know it is difficult
Knowing it is difficult, I don’t give up.
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
5. 作方式状语
e.g. You gave me such a fright creeping up on me like that!
你那样不声不响地从后面过来，吓我一跳！
用动词-ing形式作状语的结构翻译下列句子。
1) 请你用另一种方式回答问题。
2) 她跑进屋里来。
Please answer the question using another way.
She came running into the room.
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
6. 作结果状语
e.g. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。
翻译句子：
他出国了，留给他叔叔一间大房子。
He went abroad and ________his uncle a big house.
left
He went abroad, leaving his uncle a big house.
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
注意：不一样的结果状语
动词-ing形式做结果状语，是表示随着谓语动词所表示的动作的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。
而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
e.g. We came home only to find our garden in a mess.
He left, never to return.
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
7. 作伴随状语
e.g. The little boy went upstairs, trailing his teddy bear behind him.
那个小男孩走上楼去，身后拖着他的玩具熊。
Emma was sitting in an armchair reading a book.
Emma坐在一张扶手椅上看书。
Presentation
The present participle as the adverbial
7. 作伴随状语
翻译下面句子：他躺在草地上，凝望天空。
He lay on the grass and ___________ the sky.
stared at
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky.
Notes: 动词-ing形式作伴随状语、方式状语和结果状语时，通常可以转换成两个并列的简单句。
Presentation
Attention
动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注意是用一般式（doing）还是用完成式（having done）。
当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用一般式；当它的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，用完成式。
e.g. Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.
走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。
The positive voice and passive voice of the present participle in sentences
Presentation
The positive voice and passive voice of the present participle in sentences
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
Being talked to, you should look at the eyes of the person.
Having dressed myself, I went to the office.
Having been caught in the rain, he was wet all over.
主动形式 被动形式
一般式
完成式
doing
having done
being done
having been done
Presentation
The present participle as the object complement
二、动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，多用在某些动词后表示正在进行的动作，如 see, notice, watch, observe, hear, smell, feel, find, catch, leave等。
We can see a boy singing in the picture.
Presentation
The present participle as the object complement
二、动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语
We see Emma listening to music.
We can see four kids running in the picture.
The police caught the man stealing the money.
Presentation
The present participle as the object complement
二、动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语
e.g. She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.
I’ll have you speaking English in six months.
The question has set me thinking.
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，也常和表示使役的动词keep，get，leave，set，have等连用，构成复合宾语。
Presentation
The present participle as the object complement
Attention
在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；
用不带to的动词不定式时，表示动作经常发生或动作从开始到结束的全过程。
e.g.
I saw him getting out of the car. 我看见他正在下车。
I saw him (to) get out of the car. 我看见他下车了。
过程
结果
Presentation
The present participle as the object complement
3.在with复合结构中作宾补
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
（因为）吵闹声不断,我无法做作业。
With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
（因为）很多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
Exercise
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box and tell the function in the sentence.
feel want face smile return worry hear knock
1. __________ that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Johnson hurried to the hospital.
2. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour __________ about him.
3. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not ________ to be heard.
4. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone __________ at his door.
Hearing
worrying
wanting
knocking
（时间）状语
（原因）状语
（伴随）状语
宾语补语
Exercise
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box and tell the function in the sentence.
feel want face smile return worry hear knock
5. ________ higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive.
6. __________ from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year.
7. The child lay on her mother’s lap, ___________sweetly.
8. _________hurt by the rejection, she bit her
lip and quietly walked away.
Facing
Returning
smiling
Feeling
（原因）状语
（时间）状语
（伴随）状语
（原因）状语
Presentation
Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form.
Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a determination to help people. As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After he graduated from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England, the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them more useful. In 1938, Bethune left for China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war.
Presentation
Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form.
Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. He helped to organize hospitals, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. Sadly. Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
Presentation
Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form.
Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a determination to help people. As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor.
he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor
Presentation
Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form.
After he graduated from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England, the US, and Canada.
He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them more useful. In 1938, Bethune left for China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war. Despite the difficult situation, Dr. Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
after hearing that many people were dying in the war.
Presentation
Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form.
Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. He helped to organise hospitals, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid.
Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses and showed people how to give first aid.
OR
He helped to oragnise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses and showing people how to give first aid.
Presentation
Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form.
Sadly, Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
praising Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
Summary
The present participle as the adverbial
作状语
主动：__________________________
被动：__________________________
__________________________________________________________
1. 逻辑主语与主句主语 ;
2. 否定形式: .
形式
类型
注意
doing / having done
being done / having been done
状语、让步状语、方式状语、伴随状语
一致
not / never + v-ing
时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果
Summary
The present participle as the object complement
作宾补
主动 ____________
被动 ____________
在_____________后作宾补
在_____________后作宾补
在_____________后作宾补
doing
being done
感官动词
使役动词
with复合结构
形式
用法
Homework