2026届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句复习 课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
Unit1 people of achievement
Discovering Useful Structures
一、定语
This is a cat.
This is a white cat.
定语：把名词“定住”，翻译“…的”
1.定义：用来修饰描述名词/代词的品质和特征
一、定语
2.定语位置：
前置：位于所修饰名词前；“单词+名词”
后置：位于所修饰名词后；“名词+短语/从句”
充当前置定语的单词：形容词、名词、代词、数词、单个现在分词和过去分词、动名词
充当后置定语的短语/从句：介词短语、形容词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式短语、定语从句
一、定语
A small dog.
A history book.
My car is parked outside.
Two students are absent today.
The running man is fast.
The broken window needs to be repaired.
I need a running shoe.
The book on the table is mine.
A book useful for the future.
A boy reading a book.
A project finished by her.
The way to solve the problem.
This is a white cat that like acquiring new knowledge.
找出下列定语：
small 形容词
history 名词
My 代词
Two 数词
running 现在分词
broken
过去分词
running 动名词
on the table 介词
useful for the future 形容词
finished by her 过去分词
to solve the problem
动词不定式
reading a book 现在分词
定语从句
二、定语从句
This is a white cat that like acquiring new knowledge.
定语从句：用句子作定语把句子“定住”
1.定义：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一_____________的句子，叫定语从句。
定语从句在复合句中相当于________，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。
形容词
名词或代词
二、定语从句
This is a white cat that like acquiring new knowledge.
先行词：指被定语从句修饰的____________，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。
关系词：引导定语从句，替代先行词,并在从句中充当_____________________________
根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。
2.结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句
名词或代词
主语、宾语、定语或状语。
你的标题
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先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系代词
人 主
宾
定
物 主
宾
定
人/物 主/宾
who/that
who/whom/that/省略
whose(=of whom)
that/which
that/which/省略
whose（of which）
关系代词
as
先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系副词
时间名词 时间状语
地点名词 地点状语
reason 原因状语
why
when
where
= 介词+ which
关系副词
主句和从句不用逗号隔开 主句和从句用逗号隔开
与先行词关系密切 与先行词关系不密切
去掉后句意不完整 是一种补充说明，
删除后不影响整个句意
可以用that 不可以用that
定语从句的种类
This is the school where I studied ten years ago.
He bought a house, whose roof was painted red.
限制性
非限制性
drills
用that和which填空
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _______were in the fields.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree ______ is in front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______I have ever read.
5.There is nothing in the world ______can frighten me.
6.Who is the man _______is reading under the tree
7.He wrote a book, _______ is on how to learn English well.
8.This is the place in ________ Lu Xun used to live.
that
that
that
that
that
that
which
which
drills
1) Here are some of the people ________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon"
2) The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _______were asleep.
3) The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything ________ they could find.
4 )Several days later, most of the buildings _____________had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
5） The injured boy _________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
that/which
that
who
whose
whose
二、定语从句
3.关系代词的用法
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none 等不定代词时。
I've done everything _______I can to help you.
我已尽我所能帮助你。
that
二、定语从句
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book_______I bought with my own money.
这是我用自己钱买的第一本书。
She is the most beautiful girl _______ I have ever seen.
她是我见过最美的女孩。
that
that
二、定语从句
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
先行词被 the very/only/same/last,all, no 等特定词修饰时。
He is the only person _______can solve this problem.
他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。
This is the very house________I grew up in.
这正是我长大的房子。
that
that
二、定语从句
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
先行词中既有人又有物的名词时。
They talked about the people and things______ they remembered.
他们谈论了记得的人和事。
that
二、定语从句
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。
Who is the man______is standing over there
站在那边的人是谁？
Which is the book_______you want
哪本是你想要的书？
that
that
二、定语从句
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
注意空格前边有逗号为标志，不能用that，that不引导非限制性定语从句。
He was late again, ______made his teacher very angry.
他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。
which
二、定语从句
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
当先行词是 the way 在句中作方式状语时，后面用 that 或者 in which 或者省略 that。
The way _____________ he handled the situation impressed me.
他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
The way __________ he handled the situation impressed me.
他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
in which
(that)
二、定语从句
(1)关系代词 that 典型用法
注意：关系代词 that 作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
The book _________ I read last night was fascinating.
我昨晚读的书很精彩。
(that)
二、定语从句
(2)关系代词 which典型用法
引导限制性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物。
You should select the option _______ best suits your requirements.
你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。
which
二、定语从句
(2)关系代词 which典型用法
引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），
先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。
The book, _________ read last night, is extremely captivating.
我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。
She resigned from her job, ________was quite unexpected.
她辞去了工作，这十分出人意料。
which
which
二、定语从句
(2)关系代词 which典型用法
用于“介词 + which”结构。
The city _________ I was born is located in the southern part of the country.
我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。
in which
二、定语从句
(2)关系代词 which典型用法
注意：空格前出现逗号，也可能用关系代词 who/whom（先行词指人）或 where（从句不缺少主语或宾语）。
Elon Musk, ______ founded SpaceX, is a well - known entrepreneur.
埃隆 马斯克创立了太空探索技术公司，他是一位著名的企业家。
This café, ________ we often have meetings, offers free Wi - Fi.
这家咖啡馆，我们经常在那里开会，提供免费的无线网络。
who
where
二、定语从句
(3)关系代词 who、whom、whose典型用法
who 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与 that 替换。
She is the girl ________won the first prize in the competition.
她就是在比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩。
who/that
二、定语从句
(3)关系代词 who、whom、whose典型用法
注意 Anyone who…以及 Those who…句型。
Anyone ______ breaks the rule will be punished.
任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。
Those ________ love reading often have rich inner worlds.
热爱阅读的人往往有丰富的内心世界。
who
who
二、定语从句
(3)关系代词 who、whom、whose典型用法
whom 用作关系代词，引导限制性和非限制性，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与 that 替换。作宾语，可以省略。
The girl _______ you saw at the party is a famous singer.
你在派对上看到的那个女孩是位著名歌手。
The author, ________the students admire, gave a speech.
那位受学生钦佩的作家做了演讲。
whom
whom
二、定语从句
(3)关系代词 who、whom、whose典型用法
whom 可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who 不能。
This is the professor __________ I learned a lot.
这就是我从他身上学到很多东西的教授。
from whom
二、定语从句
(3)关系代词 who、whom、whose典型用法
whose 既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语， “whose＋名词”表示“某人的，某物的，”（先行词和whose后的名词是所属关系）。
Do you know the boy ______ handwriting is very beautiful 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
whose
二、定语从句
(3)关系代词 who、whom、whose典型用法
在非限制性定语从句中，whose 修饰物时，“whose＋名
词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
→I'd like a room, _________________ looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, _________________ looks out over the sea.
the window of which
of which the window
二、定语从句
(4)关系代词 as典型用法
as 引导限制性定语从句的用法
作从句的主语、宾语，as 不可省略，用于 such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。
Don’t trust such people _____ praise you to your face.
不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。
They have never read so many books ______ I read last year.
他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
as
as
二、定语从句
(4)关系代词 as典型用法
which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句用法区别：
①位置上：which 从句只能位于主句之后；as 从句位于主句的前、中、后；
②逻辑上：which 强调前后不一；as 强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.
He sold his new car, which made me surprised.
二、定语从句
as从句多含有 see, know, expect, tell, report 等动词。
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样；
as is well known＝as is known to all 众所周知；
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；
as is often the case 正如经常发生的那样；
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
二、定语从句
As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as 引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首）
Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as 引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中）
She has married again, as was expected.
不出所料，她又结婚了。（as 引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末）
summary
关系代词 关系词 先行词 在从句所做成分
that
which
who
whom
whose
指物和人
指物
指人
指物和人
主语或宾语
主语或宾语
主语或宾语
宾语
定语
drills
用合适的关系代词填空
1. Look at the girl _________ is singing so beautifully.
2. He gave me a pen ___________ he bought last week.
3. Mary has read all the books ______ I lent her.
4. Jim is the boy ______ hat is red.
5. Do you know the woman ______ our teacher is talking to
6. ____ everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
who/that
that/which
that
whose
whom
As
drills
用合适的关系词填空
1.She is always working hard，____ everyone can see.
2.The book，______ I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
3.______ everyone can see, she is honest.
= She is honest，_______ everyone can see.
4.______ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
5.Tom suddenly fell ill，_______ made us very sad.
as
which
As
as
As
which
drills
用合适的关系词填空
(1)Were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals
(2)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __________ gives off light in the dark.
(3) The students benefitting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
who
that
who
drills
用合适的关系词填空
(4)I grew up in a small village ________everybody knew me.
(5)We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
(6)Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
(7) Do you know the man ______ spoke at the meeting just now
(8) The train ____________ has just left is for Shenzhen.
when
where
who
which/that
where
drills
用合适的关系词填空
(9)I visited the village ________many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
我参观了因为贫困很多孩子不能上学的村庄。
(10)I visited the village _____________is famous for its beautiful scenery.
我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。
where
which/that
二、定语从句
4.关系副词的用法
(1)关系副词 when 典型用法
when 用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。
Do you remember the day _______ we first met
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语）
when
二、定语从句
(1)关系副词 when 典型用法
其先行词是具体时间名词，如 day, month, year；还可以是抽象名词，如 age, stay, occasion 等。
There are occasions _______ one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
（先行词 occasions 是典型时间名词）
when
二、定语从句
(1)关系副词 when 典型用法
当 time 表示“次数”时，用 that 引导从句（可省略）；当 time 表示“时间”时，用 when 引导从句。
This is the first time ______ I’ve heard this song.
I’ll never forget the time ______ we worked together in the village.
that
when
二、定语从句
(2)关系副词 where 典型用法
where 用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如 school, museum, centre；
This is the hospital ______ my sister used to work.
The shop _______ I bought this shirt is not far from here.
我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。
where
where
二、定语从句
(2)关系副词 where 典型用法
（热点，须牢记）还可以是抽象名词，如 point, case, situation, stage,race, position, job,意思为：“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 等。
I’ve come to the point _____ I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
where
二、定语从句
(3)关系副词 why 典型用法
why 用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。why 还可以用于 The reason why…is that…句型。
The reason ___ he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus.
他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
why
二、定语从句
(3)关系副词 why 典型用法
注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词后缺少宾语，则应用关系代词。
The reason _______ he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus.
他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
that
drills
用合适的关系副词或介词+关系代词填空
1. Is it the reason ______________ you were late
2. I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.
3. We walked in a garden _______________ many trees and flowers had been planted.
4. 2001-2005 are the years __________________ I studied in the university.
why/for which
when/during which
where/in which
when/on which
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.先行词指人，关系代词用 whom；
先行词指物，关系代词用 which。
注意此结构不能用 that/who；
I‘ll never forget the day ________ we moved to our house. This is the teacher _________ I’m grateful.
on which
to whom
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
2.介词选择的原则：
一看先行词特殊搭配；
I will never forget the day ____which I joined the army.
二看从句谓语动词搭配；
Mathematics is the subject ________ which I am most interested.
三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如 in which case, with whose help 等。 Air, _______ which man can’t live, is really important.
in
on
without
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
3.在特定情况下出现“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose 作定语。
The tool, with whose help we finished the task, is very useful. （with one’s help 是固定搭配）
1.I wish to thank professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
2.The Dragon Tower , from top visitors can enjoy a good sight of Harbin, attracts hundreds of tourists every day.
whose
whose
用介词 ＋ 关系代词填空
1.Can you tell me the reason_____which you are so late
2.Do you like the teacher _____ whom she learned a lot
3.My computer, _________which I can’t surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.
4.Who is the person _______ _______ you just shook hands
5.China is a powerful country, _______ _______ we are proud.
6.This is the tree _______ _______ we used to play games.
7.This is my glasses, _______ _______ I can’t see clearly.
8.Have you found the book ______ ________ I spent $29
for
from
without
with whom
without which
under which
of which
on which
四、定语从句主谓一致
1．定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who 从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
四、定语从句主谓一致
2．定语从句先行词是 one of…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是 the only /very one of…，从句谓语用单数。
He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。
She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。
五、定语从句做题技巧
特殊引导词：
1.as在定语从句中表“正如”
2.whose在定语从句中表“他的/他们的”
3.why在定语从句中表“某人做某事的原因”
4.关系代词：who/whom/which/that表示“他/他们”
5.关系副词：
when表示“那会儿” ；where表示“在那儿”
五、定语从句做题技巧
step1：如果空格前面出现一个名词，后面一坨东西在解释这个名词，则考虑定语从句
step2：如果能用特殊引导词翻译，就直接填特殊引导词
step3：从句不完整，填关系代词；从句完整填关系副词
step4：填关系代词时——空格前无逗号、无介词，填that，其余不填that；有逗号，人who、物which；有介词，人whom，物which（这里的人/物指先行词是人/物）。
step5：填关系副词时——非时间即地点（先行词不是与时间有关时，就填where）
五、定语从句做题技巧
1.先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用 where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用 when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用 why。
2.窍门：关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语等；关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。
drills
选择适合的关系词
That is the boy ______ mother is a famous musician.
We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
The house __________ they built in 1987 was destroyed in the earthquake.
I’ll never forget the day _____ (=___ which ) I was born.
I visited the house _____ (=__ which) Lu Xun once lived.
The reason _____(=___ which) he got worried was this.
that / who
which /that
whose
when
on
where
in
why
for
关系词的确定
判断句子是否为定语从句
划出先行词
将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中所担任的成分
根据先行词在从句中所作成分，得出关系词
drills
选择适合的关系代词和关系副词
1.I’ll never forget the day ______ I lived in the mountains.
2.I’ll never forget the day _______________ I spent in the mountains.
3.This is the house _______ he was born.
4.This is the house _____________ was set up by his parents.
5.This is the reason _____ he was late.
6.This is the reason ____________he told us for his being late.
when
that/which/省略
where
that/which
why
that/which