Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language 课件(共32张PPT)-人教版(2019) 选择性必修第二册

(共32张PPT)
Unit 1
Science and Scientists
Learning About Language
1
Learning Objectives
02
Learning Objectives
Understand the word meaning by paraphrasing; grasp vocabulary such as subscribe to, substantial, etc; grasp the meaning and function of prefixes and suffixes.
Language Ability
01
Appreciate the way scientists think.
Cultural Awareness
Learning Objectives
Compare, analyze the way words are formed; conclude functions of prefixes and suffixes by examples.
Thinking Quality
Acquire learning resources from websites; reflect on and evaluate the learning process and outcome.
Learning Ability
04
03
2
Key and difficult points
Key and difficult points
1. Compare, analyze the way words are formed.
2. Conclude functions of prefixes and suffixes by examples.
Difficult points
1. Understand the word meaning by paraphrasing.
2. Compare, analyze the way words are formed.
3. Grasp the meaning and function of prefixes and suffixes.
4. Conclude functions of prefixes and suffixes by examples.
Key points
3
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes. Then add two words for each prefix or suffix, and explain their meanings.
1
Prefix Words Meaning Prefix Words Meaning
re- micro-
dis- trans-
remove
replace
reuse
microscope
microwave
microphone
discover
disable
disappear
transform
transport
transplant
again
not
small
complete change; through, across
Build up your vocabulary
Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes. Then add two words for each prefix or suffix, and explain their meanings.
1
Suffix Words Meaning Suffix Words Meaning
-ory -ial
-ion -ology
contradictory
advisory
compulsory
infection
action
relation
substantial
partial
financial
epidemiology
biology
sociology
of or
relating to
action or process
having the characteristics of
a branch of knowledge
Build up your vocabulary
Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right. Then complete the sentences using these phrases.
2
to of for
subscribe suspect blame link
Many scientists _____________ the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
He was to ___________ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
The man _____________ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.
Since heart disease is often ___________ our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
subscribe to
blame for
suspected of
linked to
Build up your vocabulary
Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box.
3
raw a household name substantial statistics handle
It is not unusual for an athlete to be well known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.
I’m sure she’ll deal with the changes very well because she’s very adaptable.
He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooked yet.
He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.
Scientists have collected more data than expected to prove the theory.
raw
substantial
statistics
a household name
handle
Build up your vocabulary
Read this passage about medical plete it using the words below.
4
British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body’s cells that is to _______ for the spread of cold-causing virus. Targeting the host rather than the _________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing virus are not only of _________ kinds, they also ___________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directly into one’s lungs, to _________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made __________ advances in their research, further _______ is needed to make sure such drugs are not so _________ that they harm the body.
infection
multiple
transform
blame
decrease
substantial
proof
severe
Discover useful structures
Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.
1
One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Discover useful structures
表语从句
1. 定义：在复合句中作表语的从句叫作表语从句。表语从句经常位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。与宾语从句和主语从句一样，表语从句也是一种名词性从句。
例句：The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。
Discover useful structures
表语从句
2. 引导词：
从属连词：that, whether
连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词：when, where, why, how
其他连接词：as if/though, because
接表语从句的连系动词：be, feel, seem, look, appear, sound, remain, prove
例句：At that time, it seemed as though I couldn't think of the appropriate
word. 当时，我似乎怎么也不出一个恰当的字眼来。
Discover useful structures
表语从句
3. that与whether 引导表语从句
（1）that在从句中不充当句子成分，无实际意义，一般不能省略。
例句：The fact is that I was on the scene when the incident happened.
事实上，事件发生时我就在现场。
（2）连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否，究竟，到底”，在句中
也不作任何成分。if不能引导表语从句。
例句：What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover
from the serious disease soon.
医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从这场重病中康复。
Discover useful structures
表语从句
4. 连接代词引导表语从句
连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose 等除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身具有词义。
例句：Tom is no longer what he used to be. 汤姆已不再是过去的他了。
The question is which of us should be in charge of the company.
问题是我们中的谁应该主管公司。
The problem is who is suitable for the position.
问题是谁适合这个职位。
The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the
list. 重要的是谁的名字应该放在名单的最前面。
Discover useful structures
表语从句
5. 连接副词引导表语从句
连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还分别充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。
例句：That's where I can't agree with you. 那就是我不能同意你的地方。
That was when he went to the grocery store.
那就是他去杂货店的时候。
This is why Sara apologised to me after the conference.
这就是萨拉会后向我道歉的原因。
This is how they overcame the difficulties.
他们就是这样克服困难的。
Discover useful structures
表语从句
6. 其他连接词引导表语从句
（1）because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because...”结构中。
例句：He fell asleep during the lecture. This was because he got bored
with it.他在讲座期间睡着了。这是因为他已经厌倦了。
（2）as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, become等后面。
例句：It sounded as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
Discover useful structures
表语从句
7. 表语从句中的虚拟语气
（1）在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词advice, idea, suggestion, request, proposal等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
例句：The boss's request is that we (should) achieve the goal we set.
老板的要求是我们要达到我们设定的目标。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿出发。
Discover useful structures
表语从句
7. 表语从句中的虚拟语气
（2）as if/though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气；如果
与事实不符，就用虚拟语气（与现在事实不符，从句动词用过去式
be动词用were；与过去事实不符，从句动词用过去完成式）。
例句：When a pencil is partly put in water, it looks as if it were broken.
当一支铅笔放在水中一部分时，它看上去像是折断了。
（与现在事实不符）
The girl looked as if she had been turned to stone.
那女孩看上去好像已经变成了石头。（与过去事实不符）
Discover useful structures
Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.
2
Example
What was it that John Snow showed to the world
→What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
1. What was Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London
Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London was that __________
____________________________________________________________.
the cholera
outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days
Discover useful structures
Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.
2
2. What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of
cholera in London
What Snow was determined to find out was why __________________
____________________________________.
3. What were the exact places Snow marked on the map
The exact places Snow marked on the map were where _____________
_____________.
4. What was the finding that Snow announced
Snow’s finding was that _________________________________.
the outbreak of cholera
had caused over 500 deaths within ten days
all those who
died had lived
the pump water carried cholera germs
Discover useful structures
David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project. First complete David’s lines (A-E), using the words in the box.
3
as if that what who when how why whose which whether
A Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was ________ happened at the initial
stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B Yes, it is. And it seemed _______ all the theories were useful, but the fact was
_____ we couldn’t persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C Exactly. The problem was not about _________ all our theories were equally good,
but in deciding __________________ theory to depend upon.
D We realised that what we cared about was not __________ aspect we needed to
develop a theory in, but rather ______ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without
reducing its effect!
E You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ______ we
had to carry out the research in the first place.
what
as if
that
which/what
which/ what/ whose
how
why
whether
Discover useful structures
Then put David’s lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.
3
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
David: _________________
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David: _________________
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David: _________________
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
David: _________________
Maria: So what happened in the end
David: _________________
A
B
C
D
E
4
Vocabulary
练习： I need to ________________ before making a decision.
做决定前我需要思考一下。
clear/critical thinking 清晰的思维/批判性的思维
lateral thinking 横向思维
put on your thinking cap 动脑筋，通过思考解决问题
There is no thinking about it.这毋庸置疑 / 没什么可考虑的。
think v.认为；想；思考；记得；打算；琢磨；猜想；料想
例句：My father is very rigid in his thinking.
我父亲的思想非常顽固。
Vocabulary
thinking n. 想法，看法；态度；思维；见解 adj.有思考能力的
do some thinking
findings on sth. 关于某事物的发现
key/major finding 关键/主要发现
research/study finding 研究结果
official finding 官方判定
例句：The findings caught Carli off guard.
这些发现让卡利措手不及。
Vocabulary
finding n. 发现；调查结果；（法律）判决
练习：The ________ (finding) of the experiment were published in a top journal.
findings
contradict v. 反驳；相矛盾；驳斥；相抵触
contradict oneself 自相矛盾
contradict sb. (on sth.)（就某事）反驳某人；否认某人的说法
contradiction n.矛盾；反驳；对立；驳斥
in contradiction to/with (sth.) 与…… 相矛盾；与…… 不一致
例句：The advice I received was often contradictory.
我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。
Vocabulary
contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
练习：How can we resolve this apparent _____________ (contradictory)
contradiction
5
Homework
Complete the exercises at the end of the class.
01
Preview the articles on pages 6 to 9 of the textbook.
02
Thank you