Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language 课件(共54张PPT)-人教版(2019) 选择性必修第二册

(共54张PPT)
Unit 1
Science and Scientists
Using Language
1
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Enhance students’ listening comprehension ability and understand the work and life of scientists. Meanwhile, students can practice their oral expressions to describe the lives and work of scientists through oral practice.
Language Ability
01
Stimulate students’ interest and curiosity in science, cultivate respect and admiration for scientists, and understand the work and life of scientists from different countries and regions, as well as develop cross-cultural communication skills.
Cultural Awareness
02
Learning Objectives
Students can understand the work and life of scientists through reading articles, cultivate critical thinking skills, and be able to evaluate the behaviors and contributions of scientists.
Thinking Quality
Students can master vocabulary related to science and scientists, such as discover, invention, experiment, theory, scientist, etc., and understand the work and life of scientists through reading articles.
Learning Ability
03
04
2
Key and difficult points
Key and difficult points
Instruct students to give a brief presentation about a scientific research or experimental activity they are interested in.
Difficult point
Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.
Key point
3
Using Language
Talk about scientific experiences
Look at these photos, and can you say what they are
China Jiaolong Submarine
China Sky Eye Telescope
The Beidou Navigation Satellite System
Talk about scientific experiences
Look at the photo below, and discuss in groups what these activities have to do with science.
1
I think the dish in this exhibition is related to sound. Maybe the boy is whispering into the smaller circle and the dish can make his voice louder.
This looks like a piano you play with your feet. Maybe it shows how sound works.
Talk about scientific experiences
I'm not sure what this one shows, but it must be about light or eyesight.
It is a hall of mirrors. Maybe it has to do with the principles of reflection.
This is probably an experiment involving the composition of light.
Talk about scientific experiences
The photos above are related to the conversation you will hear. Using the photos, try to predict the answers to the following questions.
2
1 Where are the people in the conversation going to go
2 What kind of place is it, and what does it focus on
3 What kinds of things can you do there
They are going to a science museum.
It is a science museum that focuses on letting visitors experience science through interactive learning exhibitions.
You can probably try different activities to learn about sound, light, reflection, and so on.For example, you can go to a room with many mirrors facing each other so it looks like there are many copies of you! Or you can play with a big piano on the floor.
Talk about scientific experiences
Listen to the conversation and see if your answers for Activity 2 are correct. Then write down the letters (A-E) for the photos in the order that you hear them described.
3
1._________ 2._________ 3._________4._________ 5._________
D
C
E
B
A
Talk about scientific experiences
Listen again and complete the descriptions of the photos above.
4
Photo A: A giant dish; when you speak into it, it _______ the sound back and
_____________. You can use it to speak in a _______ to someone 17
meters away.
Photo B: A giant ____________ that you can use your feet to play. Instead of
playing the sounds of a piano, it plays the voices of _____________.
Photo C: You look at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly you can see
______________ moving around on it. These are our ____________.
Photo D: A ____________ where you can see yourself reflected thousands of
times.
Photo E: You stand in front of ____________ and it casts different shadows of
you, in ____________ the rainbow.
reflects
makes it louder
whisper
piano keyboard
classical singers
tiny bright lights
own blood cells
hall of mirrors
a white light
every color of
Talk about scientific experiences
Discuss the following questions in groups.
5
1. The conversation is about the City of Science and Industry, a museum
in Paris. Would you like to go to this museum Why or why not
2. Are there any museums like this in China What other interesting
museums are there
Yes. I can learn a lot about science and it can broaden my horizons.
Yes. There are other interesting museums such as the art museum or the museum of ancient treasures.
Talk about scientific experiences
In groups, choose one of the museum activities on the previous page or brainstorm another scientific research or experiment that you are interested in.
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water
plants
5G technology
life
force
energy
...
Talk about scientific experiences
Make a short presentation to the class about your choice. Use the example and useful phrases below to help you.
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EXAMPLE
Today, I want to talk to you about a very strange phenomenon called a non-Newtonian fluid. You can make it easily using equal parts of water and cornflour, like I have here. Anon-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. In fact, it becomes hard enough to stand on. Then, as soon as you take the pressure off, it becomes a liquid again. This shows that it is possible that something can exist as a liquid and a solid at the same time.
Talk about scientific experiences
Make a short presentation to the class about your choice. Use the example and useful phrases below to help you.
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... can/cannot exist in the form of a solid/gas and a liquid/plasma ...
... is both a ... and a ... at the same time ... how light/sound is reflected ...
... the existence of other … This occurs when ...
If you ..., it will become ... That demonstrates …
This experiment/research shows... Through this, we know that ...
We can prove that ... This evidence proves…
Talking about scientific phenomena
Talk about scientific experiences
Today, I want to talk to you about the positive and negative charges of molecules. We can demonstrate how these interact through a simple experiment using milk, dish soap, and food colouring. First, cover the bottom of a shallow plate with milk. Now add two or three drops of different liquid food colouring to the centre of the milk. They should form one large dark puddle in the middle of the milk. Now, dip a cotton swab into dish soap, and place it into the middle of the food colouring. You will see the colours quickly move to escape from the soap, making interesting and beautiful patterns. This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food colouring with them, making it look like the colours are quickly moving to escape from the soap.
Sample
Write about what makes a great scientist
Do you know the following two people
Qian Xuesen
Stephen Hawking
钱学森
钱学森（1911年12月11日—2009年10月31日），出生于上海，祖籍浙江省杭州市 ，著名航天科学家，中国科学院、中国工程院资深院士，中国人民政治协商会议第六届、七届、八届全国委员会副主席，中国航天事业奠基人。
他开创了工程控制论、物理力学两门新兴学科，为人类科学事业的发展作出了重要贡献 。钱学森最先为中国火箭导弹技术的发展提出了极为重要的实施方案，并长期担任中国火箭导弹和航天事业的技术领导职务，为实现中国国防尖端技术的新突破建立了卓越功勋。他潜心研究的工程控制论、系统工程理论，广泛应用于军事、农业、林业乃至社会经济各个领域的实践活动，在中国现代化建设中发挥了重要作用。
1991年10月，钱学森被授予“国家杰出贡献科学家”荣誉称号，被授予一级英雄模范奖章。1999年9月，被授予“两弹一星功勋奖章”。钱学森是中国共产党的优秀党员，忠诚的共产主义战士，享誉世界的中国国家杰出贡献科学家 。2009年10月31日，钱学森在北京逝世，享年98岁 。
Write about what makes a great scientist
Stephen Hawking
斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金1942年1月8日出生于英国牛津 ，理论物理学家 ，宇宙学家 ，科学思想家 ，英国皇家学会院士 ，美国国家科学院外籍院士 ，英国皇家学会工艺院院士 。霍金于1965年获得剑桥大学博士学位，并在剑桥大学进行研究工作；1974年当选为英国皇家学会院士 ；1975年任剑桥大学教授；1977年升任为剑桥大学引力物理学讲座教授；1979年—2009年任剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授 ；1985年因患肺炎做了穿气管手术，被彻底剥夺了说话的能力，演讲和问答只能通过语音合成器来完成 ；1989年获得英国爵士称号，并当选为美国国家科学院外籍院士；2002年入选英国广播电台“最伟大的100名英国人”第25名；2006年6月在香港科技大学体育馆主持题为“宇宙的起源”的演讲，并在北京人民大会堂向公众讲述“宇宙的起源”；2009年任剑桥理论宇宙学中心研究主任 ；2017年为英国BBC录制纪录片《探索新地球》 ；2018年3月14日在英国剑桥逝世，享年76岁。 霍金的主要研究领域是天体物理学、理论物理学、数学。
Write about what makes a great scientist
The text is mainly about ______________________________
__________________________________________________
the brief introduction of Qian Xuesen
and Stephen Hawking.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Look at the pictures and the title, Guess what the content of the text is.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Read the texts and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
2. Qian’s strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist’s
development.
3. When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the
universe began with a big bang.
4. Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even
though he was ill.
F
T
F
T
Write about what makes a great scientist
Skim the first passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para 1
Introduction
Personal experience — further education abroad and achievements
Personal experience —returning to motherland
Personal experience — great achievements
Personality
His death and people's commemoration of him
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
Para 6
Para 7
Personal experience— education
Write about what makes a great scientist
Skim the second passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
His claim to fame.
His Characteristics.
A brief Introduction.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Answer the questions below using the information from the texts.
2
1. Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”
2. How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research.
His own theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Study the language and structure.
3
1. Underline the linking words and phrases in the passages, and
describe their function.
Some of the most important linking words and phrases are:
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, ...
At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.
Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him...
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets ...
However, what might have made him such an outstanding...
In general, there were two main theories ...
Besides being brilliant, he was brave, ...
Furthermore, he was quite determined.
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
These serve to link elements in the passages and bring greater cohesion and logical flow to it.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Study the language and structure.
3
2. What is the function of each paragraph in the passages
His personal history and accomplishments
Para. 2-5
His death and people's appreciation of him
Introduction
His personality
Text One: The Father of China's Aerospace
Para. 1
Para. 6
Para. 7
Write about what makes a great scientist
Study the language and structure.
3
2. What is the function of each paragraph in the passages
His claim to fame
Para. 2
Introduction
Characteristics that made him great
Text Two: A World of Pure Thought
Para. 1
Para. 3
Write about what makes a great scientist
Study the language and structure.
3
3. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists. How
do the stories about the scientists help illustrate these personalities
Qian Xuesen
a man with "great scientific thought and scientific spirit" who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion; a pioneer; did not let that discourage him; determined; an outstanding and creative scientist; deep appreciation for art
Write about what makes a great scientist
Study the language and structure.
3
3. Find words that describe the personalities of the scientists. How
do the stories about the scientists help illustrate these personalities
Stephen Hawking
brilliant; brave; sometimes careless in what he said or did; willing to say what others were afraid to say; dream of what others were afraid to dream about; quite determined; willing to admit his faults
Write about what makes a great scientist
Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4
1. In groups, discuss some stories about great scientists.
The story of Newton and the apple Watson dreaming of the structure of the DNA, Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin, etc.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4
2. Using these stories as a basis, discuss the following questions:
Apart from being clever, what are the most important personal qualities a scientist must have to be successful
How do these stories illustrate the scientific spirit
A scientist must be lucky, to an extent, but a part of that luck is noticing what others might gloss over. For example, Fleming noticed that something was odd about a sample in a Petri dish, and he did not throw it away. The intuitive and creative power of a great scientist also needs to be taken into account, as illustrated by Watson's dream which showed him the structure of the DNA.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4
写作指导
如何记述科学家的科学精神
科学家的科学精神是包含在高中生基础写作中一种任务话题。它涉及对科学家的简介、取得成就的原因、科学精神的体现或描述、自己受到的激励或启发等。要注意其文体应该是记叙文或夹叙夹议，同时还要注意人称的一致和时态的合理使用。
Write about what makes a great scientist
Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4
Write about what makes a great scientist
Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4
Great Scientific Minds
When we consider the great minds of many centuries and ask the question of what makes someone a great scientist, there are many aspects we should evaluate. But which ones are most important Is it their inventions, cures, or solutions to problems Is it the personal challenges they had to face Or is it their overall character
Looking at the lives of Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking, some common characteristics surface: they are knowledgeable,gifted,self-sacrificing for the greater good of the country or humanity, brave, and determined. In short, they have to tenaciously chase down solutions to big problems and not let discouragement set in during their discovery process.
We can see this in Qian Xueshen's life pioneering to another country to work with and inspire like-minded people in his field and to collaborate on their work.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Write an essay about the scientific spirit.
4
We can see it in his vigour to return to China and lead their aerospace programme through its birthing stages.
We saw the determination and devotion to accuracy and truth on the part of Stephen Hawking from his youngest days through the decades he fought for his body while his mind progressed into the arena of geniuses.
The definition of scientific spirit is to above all else, be willing and able to grasp a problem or a question and not let go of it until knowledge, creative power, and collaboration have brought a clear answer. Then this same mind must believe in its findings enough to bravely present them, prove, and perfect them for the betterment of the quality and sustainability of life all over the world. It is to look squarely, ask questions, and never give up trying.
Write about what makes a great scientist
Exchange your draft with a partner. Use this checklist to help you revise the draft. Then take your draft back and revise it using your partner's comments.
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Does the writer explain clearly the personal qualities that make up the
scientific spirit
Does the writer give examples from the lives of the scientist(s) to
illustrate the points
Does the writer describe the personality of a great scientist
Does the writer use appropriate linking words and phrases to tie the
ideas together
Does the writer use separate paragraphs, each with its own function
Put up your essay in the classroom or read it to your class.
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4
Vocabulary
cast a shadow over/on sth.给...蒙上阴影
be cast down (by sth.)（因某事）沮丧，不愉快
例句：He didn't want to cast a shadow on their happiness.
他不想给他们的幸福蒙上阴影。
He made a cast with a fishing line.
他抛下了鱼线。
Vocabulary
cast v.投射（光、影子等）；向...投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
n.投，掷；（一出戏剧或一部电影的）全体演员
练习：A clay mould is used for _______ (cast) bronze statues.
用黏土模具来浇铸青铜塑像。
casting
练习：We drove all the way through ________
(pour) rain.
pour in 使流入，使灌入
pour into 不断地流进；大量投入（金钱）于
pour sth. in 把某物倒入...
pour cold water on/over...对.....泼冷水
pour down 流下；（雨）倾盆而下
pour cats and dogs下瓢泼大雨/倾盆大雨
pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉
例句：The crowd suddenly poured into the store.
人群突然涌进商店。
Vocabulary
pour v.倒出，倾泻，斟（饮料）；（雨）倾盆而下，下大雨
pouring
例句：The couple couldn't convince each other. Then a quarrel broke out.
这对夫妻不能说服对方，于是发生了争吵。
[学法点拨]
break out, happen, occur, take place 等动词（短语）表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。
[归纳拓展]
break down 出故障；（身体）垮掉；（谈判）失败；消除（隔阂）
break into强行闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等）
break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰
break through有新的重大发现；突破
break up（团体）解散；（关系）破裂
break away 突然挣脱；与.....决裂
Vocabulary
break out （战争、打斗等不快的事情）突然开始；爆发
defend...from/against (doing)...保护.....免受...
defend oneself against sth.保护自己不受...；为自己辩护
defence n.防御；辩护；保卫
in defence of 保卫；为...辩护
in sb.’s defence为某人辩护
defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的
例句：We must defend our motherland from the enemy.
我们必须保卫祖国防御进犯之敌。
Vocabulary
defend v.保卫，保护；防御，防守；辩解；为...辩护
练习：The team's weak points are in ________
(defend).
defence
例句：I'll be in charge of the whole gallery next week when the director
is away.下周主任不在时，我将负责整个画席。
take charge of主管；负责 free of charge 免费(=for free)
in/under the charge of由...负责/掌管
charge sb. for sth.因某事/某物向某人收费
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控某人（做）某事
[学法点拨]
人+in charge of+ 事 事+in the charge of+ 人
Vocabulary
in charge of主管；掌管
练习：He was the officer ____________ operations.
他是负责指挥作战行动的军官。
in charge of
be gifted with...天生具备...；有...天赋
be gifted in (doing) sth.在（做）...方面有天赋 (=be talented in)
例句：The gifted architect designed one splendid building after another.
这位有天赋的建筑师设计了一座又一座辉煌的建筑物。
[学法点拨]
gifted 与 talented 均可表示“有才华的，有天才的”。
gift/talent对应的短语 have a gift/talent for 表示“在······方面有天赋”。
Vocabulary
gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
练习：He was a uniquely _____________ teacher.
他是个天赋异禀的天才教师。
gifted/talented
例句：He came down with a bad cold last week. 上星期，他得了重感冒。
[归纳拓展]
come down 落下；（价格、水平）下降；（狂喜之后）平静下来
come across偶遇；无意中发现 come about 发生
come on快点儿；加油；得了吧 come up with 想出，想到
come out 出来；出版；为人所知 come to共计；达到；苏醒
come over来访，拜访
Vocabulary
come down with患（病）；染上（小病）
练习：It would be very difficult to _______________ the price.
我们很难再降价了。
come down with
abstract thinking/concepts 抽象思维/概念
反义词：concrete具体的
in the abstract 抽象地；在理论上（相当于in theory）
make an abstract of...把...的要点摘录下来
例句：We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract.
我们可能谈论美的事物，但是美本身却是抽象的。
He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.
他把那些论文都读了一遍并做了内容摘要。
Vocabulary
abstract adj.抽象的；理性的；
n.（文献等的）摘要
练习：They also tend to be able to think more
__________ (abstract).
abstractly
例句：He had other people to take care of besides me.
除了我以外，他还需要照料其他人。
They made inferences and assessments of the situation. Besides,
they revealed the truth. 他们对形势进行了推理和评估；而且，
他们揭示了真相。
[学法点拨]
表示“此外”的词或短语还有 furthermore, in addition等
besides prep.除······之外（还）；adv.而且；此外
练习：________________________________________.
除了音乐，我们还有很多共通点。
We have lots of things in common besides music
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
[词语辨析]
besides, except, except for, except that/when/where..., apart from 与 but
besides: 表示一种累加关系，意思是“除了.....之外还有.....”
except: 表示一种排除关系，意思是“除了....之外”
except for: 主要表示从整体中排除部分，意思是“除....之外”，所排除的
情况往往不影响整体或大局
except that/when/where...: 后面要接从句，表示“除了....之外”
apart from: 表示“除了.....之外”，与 except 用法近似；还可作“除了.....之
外（还），此外”讲，相当于in addition to 或 besides
but: 作介词用时，意思是“除······之外”，相当于except，通常与no, all,
nobody, everything 等词连用
be at fault 有错；有责任
find fault with挑剔；批评；抱怨
例句：His greatest fault is that he always inquires about his neighbors.
他最大的缺点是总是打听邻居的事。
[词语辨析]fault, error与mistake
fault: 多指性格、心智状态、情绪、行为或习惯中的“缺点”
I like him despite his faults.尽管他有缺点，我仍然喜欢他。
error: 可指任何错误，也可指笔误、印刷上或计算上的错误
This book contains a lot of printing errors.这本书有很多印刷错误。
mistake: 指判断或理解方面的错误，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成
的错误
I used your ink by mistake.我错用了你的墨水。
Vocabulary
fault n.弱点，缺点；过错，过失；缺陷，毛病，故障
shift attention/focus 转移注意力/焦点
shift...to...把....转移到....
例句：A sudden shift in the wind warned of the coming storm.
风向的突然改变预示了暴风雨的来临。
The government needs to shift more resources towards alleviating
poverty.
政府需要把更多的资源转到减少贫困上去。
Vocabulary
shift n.改变，转换，轮班；v.转移，挪动，转向
练习：Someone has _______ (shift) my bicycle and I can't find it.
shifted
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Homework
Complete the exercises at the end of the class.
01
Prepare for the next class: Project.
02
Thank you