2026届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句 课件(共18张PPT)

(共18张PPT)
定语从句
The attributive clause
定语从句
定义
结构
分类（定语从句和关系词的分类）
关系词的特定用法
beautiful girl（形容词“beautiful”修饰“girl” ）
beautiful girl（形容词“beautiful”修饰“girl” ）
three boys（数词“three”修饰“boys” ）
woman teacher（名词“woman”修饰“teacher” ）
nothing to worry about（不定式短语“to worry about”修饰“nothing” ）
three boys（数词“three”修饰“boys” ）
woman teacher（名词“woman”修饰“teacher” ）
nothing to worry about（不定式短语“to worry about”修饰“nothing” ）
用来修饰名词、代词的词或短语
定义：
定语
beautiful girl
three boys
woman teacher
nothing to worry about
形容词
数词
名词
不定式
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子
定义：
定语从句
The girl who is singing is my daughter.
句子修饰the girl
句子修饰puppy
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的女儿。
她有一只可爱的小狗。
beautiful girl（形容词“beautiful”修饰“girl” ）
beautiful girl（形容词“beautiful”修饰“girl” ）
three boys（数词“three”修饰“boys” ）
woman teacher（名词“woman”修饰“teacher” ）
nothing to worry about（不定式短语“to worry about”修饰“nothing” ）
three boys（数词“three”修饰“boys” ）
woman teacher（名1.11词“woman”修饰“teacher” ）
nothing to worry about（不定式短语“to worry about”修饰“nothing” ）
先行词、关系词和关系词在定语从句中所作成分
结构：
三要素
The man who he spoke to is his teacher.
先行词
定语从句
关系词
1.先行词：定语从句修饰的名词或代词（位于定语从句前）
2.关系词：连接主句和从句（紧跟先行词）
3.关系词代替先行词，在定语从句中充当成分
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
1.限制性定语从句：无逗号，从句是主句不可缺少的部分
定语从句的分类
My brother who is 18 is a soldier
我的哥哥是一名18岁的士兵。
2.非限制性定语从句：有逗号，主句完整，从句是补充说明
My brother， who is 18， is a soldier
我的哥哥是一名士兵，他18岁。
非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略，一般不用that。
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
1.关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as，在定语从句中充当主语/宾语/表语/定语
关系词的分类
2.关系副词：when, where, why，在定语从句中充当状语
关系代词 先行词所指 关系词所充当成分
that 人、物 主语，宾语，表语
which 物 主语，宾语
who 人 主语，宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人、物 定语
as 人、物 主语、宾语、表语；可修饰整个主句
He is the boy whom / who / that I met yesterday.
1. This is the girl who / that teaches us English.
3.The clock is an instrument which / that can tell time.
2. He is the boy whom / who / that I met yesterday.
4. This is the girl whose father is an engineer.
6. As we all know, Taiwan is part of China.
5.This is the book which / that I lost yesterday.
指人
指人
指物
指人
指物
作主语
作宾语，可省略
作主语
作定语
作宾语，可省略
as指代主句
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
关系词的分类
关系副词：when, where, why，在定语从句中充当状语
关系副词 先行词所指 从句中所充当成分 相当于
when 时间 时间状语 at/in/on/during which
why 原因 原因状语 for which
where 地点 地点状语 in/at which
He is the boy whom / who / that I met yesterday.
1. I still remember the day when (on which) I had a cat for the first time.
2.You are the reason why (for which) I am here.
3. It’s the place where(in which) you can be safe
表示时间
表示原因
表示地点
作时间状语
作原因状语
作地点状语
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
关系词的特定用法
一.在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。
I'd like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
1. 先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much等。
2. 先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。
He is the only person that can help you out.
若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。
4. 先行词既有人又有物时。
The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found.
5. 在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。
Who is the boy that helped you
6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。
He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time.
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
关系词的特定用法
二.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。
I have lost my pen , which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen)
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。
2. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived./ This is the house that/which Lu Xun once lived in.
3. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
关系词的特定用法
三.当先行词为指人的代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。
I’m willing to offer my helping hands to those who are in need.
1. 先行词为all, anyone（任何人）, one / ones, those(那些人), 或people 时，多用关系代词who。
2.在非限制性定语从句中，须用who（非限制性定从中，who指人，只作主语; whom 只作宾语）。
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.once lived in.
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
3. 在被分隔的定语从句中，须用who。
4. 在以there be开头的句子中，多用who。
There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.
5. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.
She has a puppy that is very lovely.
关系词的特定用法
四.关系代词as的用法。
such+名词+as 结构
1. 引导限制性定语从句（固定搭配 ）
He is not such a man as he would like to be.
the same+名词+as 结构
This is the same book as I read last year.
这里as不能用who/which代替
位置灵活特点
2. 引导非限制性定语从句
指代整个主句
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
众所周知，月亮绕着地球转 。
位置灵活
As is often the case, he is late for class.
他上课迟到，这是常有的事 。
Tom, as you know,is a very smart boy.
汤姆，如你所知，是个非常聪明的男孩。
as 引导非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用，可在主句前、后、中间，常表“正如、正像”，用于 as we know、as is known to all 等固定结构
——Thank you for listening.
The finest diamond must be cut.
玉不琢，不成器。