2026届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句课件(共56张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句课件(共56张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-10-08 08:15:36 | ||
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(共56张PPT)
专题05定语从句
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ONTENTS
定语从句的基本结构
定语从句的两个关键术语
关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
定语从句关系词的用法
定语从句的分类
目 录
定语从句的概念
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是高中英语语法中的一个重要部分，它用于修饰名词或代词，提供关于该名词或代词的更多信息。一个简单句跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，这就叫做定语从句。
重点
重点
重点
二、定语从句的两个关键术语
先行词：
先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。引导定语从句的关系代词有that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose），as 等。引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why
难点
难点
难点
三、关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。
（that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had）
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher.
住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.
我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）
注意
注意
注意
四、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句的基本结构为：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。它提供了从句所描述或限定的对象。
关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分；关系副词则用于引导定语从句，表示时间、地点或原因。
从句：是对先行词进行具体描述或限定的部分，它包含了完整的句子结构，包括主语、谓语和可能的宾语、状语等。
五、定语从句关系词的用法
1.关系代词that, which, who /whom, whose, as
关系代词指代人或者物，在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等成分。
(1).指人
who指人，在定语从句中充当主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom) you talked about. 刘先生就是你谈到的那个人。
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。
(2).which指物，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大部分男孩喜欢的游戏。(which在句子中作主语)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
这是他昨天买的笔。(which在句子中做宾语)
注：
that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
(3).whose通常指人，也可指物的，在定语从句中充当定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 我过去住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。
注：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
whose+n.=the+n.+of+which/whom
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏掉的那个教室将很快被修理。
Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
你喜欢那本颜色是黄色的书吗？
2.关系副词when, where, why
关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when, where, why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
1.when
先行词是表示时间的名词（如time,day,year,month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用 when引导。
I still remember the day when I first met him.
Winter is the time of a year when the day is short but the night is long.
注:
1.when可以换成"介词+which"
I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.
Winter is the time of year when/ in which the day is short but the night is long.
2.如果先行词是时间名词但关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用which或that引导。
I still remember the day which/that was his 100th birthday.
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
2.where
先行词是表示地点名词如place, factory, house等或抽象地点名词case,state, condition, point, situation
且在定语从句中作状语，则用where。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
I was born in the city
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
注:
1.where可以换成"介词+which"
Shanghai is the city where / in which I was born.
I know a place where / in which we can have a picnic.
2.如果先行词是地点名词但关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用which或that引导。
Shanghai is the city which/that I want to visit.
I know a place which / that is famous for scenery.
3.why
先行词是表示原因的名词reason, 且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导。
This is the reason why he left in a hurry.
You should tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
注:
1.why可以换成for which。
This is the reason why /for which he left in a hurry.
You should tell me the reason why /for which you missed the plane.
2.若先行词为reason,且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是 充当主语或宾语，则用which或that引导。
I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me
The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.
Who is the man that is standing by the gate
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
六、定语从句的分类
（一）限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
1.限定性定语从句
定义：限定性定语从句对先行词进行必要的限定，是先行词不可缺少的修饰语，与先行词关系密切，去掉它主句意思就不完整或失去意义。
特点：
通常不用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词有时可以省略（特别是在口语或非正式文体中，且关系词在从句中作宾语时）。
限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
例句：I met someone who said he knows you.（我遇到了一个说认识你的人。）
2.非限定性定语从句
定义：非限定性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，是先行词的附加说明，与先行词关系较松散，去掉它主句意思仍然完整。
特点：
通常用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词不可省略。
在非限制性定语从句中，通常用which引导，但如果不提前，也可用that（但不如which常见）。
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句中或句末，而which则通常放在句末。
例句：The house, which I bought last month, is very nice.（这幢房子很漂亮，是我上个月买的。）
七、定语从句特别注意的几种情况
只用that不用which的情况
1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：2The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。
That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：
The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。
4、被修饰词为数词时。例如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。
5、主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：
There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。
6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。
7、当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。例如：
Who is the man that is standing by the door 站在门边的那个男人是谁？
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多？
人或物在定语从句中表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：
He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。
修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。
2、当关系词前有介词时。例如：
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.
这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。
3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。
5、先行词为that时。例如：
The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。
修饰人时只用who不用that的情况
1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：
The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。
2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用 who关系代词指代人。例如：There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.有位先生想见你。
3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位中文讲得非常好的外国人。
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.受到校长表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。
注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：
The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。
way在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。例如：
I don’t like the way（that /in which）he looks at me.我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致。
（1） I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致。
I, who am your teacher, will try to answer all kinds of questions.
（2）当关系代词as或which 指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
（3）当“one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
The Lord of the Rings is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
当“the only one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the only one,从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
介词+关系代词
介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词的确定
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可以用who或that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。
Do you know the girl to whom our teacher is talking = Do you know the girl (that/ who/whom) our teacher is talking to
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
The school in which my friend once studied is very famous. = The school(that/which) my friend once studied in is very famous.
我的朋友曾经就读的那所学校很有名。
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用或根据上下文要表达的具体意思，或根据先行词的习惯搭配，或根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下：
1.根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. (相当于 My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. (相当于My son was saved by the pilot.)这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
2.根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？(on the day)
3.根据定语从句中某些词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候，这个介词可能就是作定语从句谓语的短语动词中的一个固定介词，如choose from 中的from等。
"介词+关系代词＂的特殊用法
1.有些固定的短语动词在定语从句中作谓语动词时，该短语动词中的介词一般不提至关系代词前，常见的此类短语动词有care for, deal with, get through, hear from, depend on, listen to, look after, look at, look for, send for, see to, pay attention to, take care of等。
这就是我正在寻找的手表。
【误】 This is the watch for which I am looking.
[正]This is the watch which/ that I am looking for.
2.介词in,on,at，for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时，有时可用相应的关系副词when，where,why 等替换。
The reason for which(=why) he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which (= where） I was born.
我出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
八、定语从句能力提升练
单句语法填空
1．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）The Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, the Chinese people were not yet used to drinking coffee.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新寨村从1952年开始种植咖啡树，当时中国人民还不习惯喝咖啡。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是1952，关系词指代先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
2．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）Everything changed a few years later when Zane brought me to a huge cave entrance there was an old man living in a small house.
【答案】where
【详解】考查where引导的定语从句。句意：几年后，一切都变了，Zane带我来到一个巨大的洞穴入口，那里有一位老人住在一所小房子里。先行词a huge cave entrance表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
3．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）This famous company is looking for people can come up with original and useful ideas.
【答案】who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家著名的公司正在寻找那些能够提出新颖且实用想法的人才。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
4．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）A sports psychologist suggests there is something all great athletes have in common: They love competition and deal with stress well.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一位运动心理学家认为，所有伟大的运动员都有一个共同点：他们热爱竞争，能很好地应对压力。设空处引导限制性定语从句，且先行词something为不定代词，故只能用 that引导。故填that。
5．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the last mile of the race，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
6．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）This type of layout quickly developed and became widely used in subsequent centuries, establishing itself as the most typical approach to traditional Chinese urban planning, was generally acknowledged as the square-block design of towns.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种布局在随后的几个世纪中迅速发展并得到广泛应用，成为中国传统城市规划最典型的方法，这种方法通常被认为是城镇的方形设计。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the most typical approach，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此用which引导。故填which。
7．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，根据世界自然基金会的一份报告，游客去年留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。为了减少我们的影响，我们可以采取简单的步骤：出门前清空冰箱，选择可持续的餐饮选择。“ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词over 1.3 billion tons of food waste，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）A long scroll (卷轴) of the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival,” an iconic painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, constructed straight from LEGO bricks, has been on display since Sep 25th. Covering 47 square meters, this LEGO exhibit, has delicately pieced together a marvelous world the old and the new meet.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个乐高展品占地47平方米，精致地拼凑出一个奇妙的世界，在这里新旧交汇。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a marvelous world，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Together, they started a project which later became a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们一起启动了一个项目，这个项目后来变成了一个名为Phoemica (即乡音苑)的网站，在这个网站上，濒临消失的方言录音被收集和展示。“______ recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a website，先行词将其代入从句中作地点状语，即“在这个网站上”，用关系副词引导从句。故填where。
九、定语从句能力检测
完成句子
11．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）Jan joined an online group （在那里她可以讨论她的问题）and get support and advice from others.
【答案】where she could talk about her problems
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：简加入了一个在线小组，在那里她可以讨论她的问题，并从其他人那里得到支持和建议。“她”she，“讨论……”talk about，“她的问题”her problems，使用复数形式表示泛指，作介词about的宾语，根据joined可知，句子使用一般过去时，“可以”使用情态动词could，后接动词原形形式，空处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an online group，先行词指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导从句。故填where she could talk about her problems。
12．（25-26高一·全国·假期作业）Our teachers encourage us to take part in some volunteer activities in our summer holidays, .
我们的老师们鼓励我们暑假期间参加一些志愿者活动，他们认为这能帮助我们得到全面发展。
【答案】which they think can help us get fully developed
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句及固定搭配。根据句意，“他们认为这能帮助我们得到全面发展”需用非限制性定语从句补充说明“volunteer activities”，先行词为物，故用关系代词which引导。表示“他们认为”为they think，在从句中为插入语，置于关系代词之后，表示“能帮助”为can help作谓语，表示“我们”为us 作宾语，表示“得到全面发展”为get fully developed作宾补，根据“help sb. do sth.”可知，此处使用省to的不定式形式。故填which they think can help us get fully developed。
13．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Mary left a note under the mailbox. She and her friend used to exchange small gifts there when they were children. (用“定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】Mary left a note under the mailbox where she and her friend used to exchange small gifts when they were children.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽在邮筒下面留了一张纸条。她和她的朋友小时候经常在那里交换小礼物。分析可知第二个句子中的there指代第一个句子中的the mailbox，表地点，所以可以用the mailbox作为先行词，用关系副词where引导定语从句修饰the mailbox。故改写为Mary left a note under the mailbox where she and her friend used to exchange small gifts when they were children.
14．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar. His mother used to save spare change for family trips in that jar. (用“定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar where his mother used to save spare change for family trips.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：杰克把一枚幸运硬币放进了那个旧罐子里。他妈妈以前常往那个罐子里存零钱，用于家庭旅行。两个简单句中，“the old jar”是共同的先行词，指物且在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句，合并后的句子通过定语从句修饰“the old jar”，主句为Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar，将从句中的“in that jar”去掉，换成关系副词where引导定语从句置于先行词之后，即where his mother used to save spare change for family trips。故填Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar where his mother used to save spare change for family trips.
15．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）We cleaned the park on weekends. We had great fun during this time. (用“介词+非限制性定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】We cleaned the park on weekends, during which we had great fun.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们在周末清扫公园。在这段时间里我们玩得非常开心。将这两句话整合成含有定语从句的复合句，可以把“We cleaned the park on weekends.”作主句，weekends作先行词，将“We had great fun during this time.”改写为介词+非限制性定语从句。由于weekends是事物名词，“during this time”要保留介词during，删除this time，而且关系代词只能用which，其余不变。故填We cleaned the park on weekends, during which we had great fun.
16．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）I noticed an old man. He was helping a kid pick up books. (用 “定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】I noticed an old man, who was helping a kid pick up books.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我注意到一位老人，他正在帮一个孩子捡书。两个句子的相同部分是“老人”，故可将第二个句子处理为定语从句，先行词是“an old man”，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句故答案为I noticed an old man, who was helping a kid pick up books.
17．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）众所周知，随着人民生活水平的提高，汽车已经成为一种受欢迎的交通方式，为生活带来了巨大的便利。
As , with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, great convenience to our life.
【答案】 is known to all which brings
【详解】考查固定短语和非限定性定语从句。“As is known to all”是固定表达，意为“众所周知”，也可理解为as引导的非限定性定语从句；“为生活带来了巨大的便利”可处理为一个非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，用关系代词which引导从句，从句谓语“带来”用动词bring，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语which指代前面整个句子描述的情况，谓语动词用单数形式。故填：is；known；to；all；which；brings。
18．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）用非限制性定语从句改写句子。
Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life. His personal life must be very interesting.
【答案】Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最后，我想问一些关于他个人生活的问题。他的个人生活一定非常有趣。将第二个句子改写为非限制性定语从句，先行词是his personal life，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，且which在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致，原句中有情态动词must，所以从句中用must be。故填Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting。
19．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, so when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it as a flasher. (用非限制性定语从句改写句子)
【答案】Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, which I can use as a flasher when it is dark on my way home or to school.
【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：首先，我在笔里放了一些电池，并安装了一个灯泡，当我回家或上学的路上天黑时，我可以用它作为闪光灯。分析可知，“I can use it as a flasher”it指代light bulb，因此将此句改为非限制性定语从句，先行词为light bulb，作动词use的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导，其它部分不变。故答案为Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, which I can use as a flasher when it is dark on my way home or to school.
20．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）我们应该吃大量低脂肪和高蛋白的食物。
We should eat a large food less fat and more protein.
【答案】 amount of that contains
【详解】考查固定搭配和定语从句。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“大量”可用a large amount of，为固定搭配，后面接不可数名词；表示“大量低脂肪和高蛋白的食物”应用food that contains less fat and more protein，为定语从句，that指代前面的food，contains为谓语动词，时态用一般现在时表客观情况，主语food为不可数名词，所以应填that contains。故填amount of ；that contains。
翻译
21．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Sarah在那家弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英)
【答案】Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore where the smell of aged paper filled the air.
【详解】考查定语从句和名词短语。根据句意，句子描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。表示“Sarah在那家旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记”为主句，Sarah作主语，“发现”为found作谓语，“一本隐藏的日记”为a hidden diary作宾语，“在那家旧书店里”为in the old bookstore作地点状语，所以主句可译为Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore；表示“弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的”为定语从句，先行词“书店”为bookstore，指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用关系副词where引导，“陈旧纸张的气味”为the smell of aged paper，“弥漫”为filled the air，所以定语从句译为where the smell of aged paper filled the air。故翻译为Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore where the smell of aged paper filled the air.
22．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）放学后他们一起练习绘画, 也因此成为最亲密的朋友。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英)
【答案】They practiced drawing together after school, which made them the closest friends.
【详解】考查定语从句。根据中文句和题目要求使用定语从句翻译此句，主句为“放学后他们一起练习绘画”，同时这也是让他们成为亲密朋友的原因，故主句同时是非限定性定语从句“也因此成为最亲密的朋友”的先行词，且在从句中充当主语。主句中，时间状语“放学后”可译为after school，主语“他们”可译为代词they，谓语“练习做某事”可译为practice doing sth.，宾语“绘画”可译为drawing，状语“一起”可译为together；从句中，因为定语从句先行词为物，且在定语从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，“也因此成为”即“主句这件事使得他们成为”，可译为make，“最亲密的朋友”可译为the closest friends，主句和从句的动作都以发生，都使用一般过去时。故整句译为They practiced drawing together after school, which made them the closest friends。
23．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）教练注意到一个害羞的男孩每次训练后都独自练习。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英)
【答案】The coach noticed a shy boy, who was practicing alone after every training.
【详解】考查名词、动词、定语从句、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，表示“教练”为名词The coach；表示“注意到”为动词notice；结合句意可知，应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时noticed；表示“一个害羞的男孩”应为名词短语a shy boy；后接关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句对a shy boy的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“独自练习”应为动词短语practice alone，结合noticed以及语境可知，此处应为陈述过去正在发生的事情，为过去进行时；表示“每次训练后”应为介词短语after every training。故翻译为：The coach noticed a shy boy, who was practicing alone after every training.
24．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）新形势下，餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战，如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点。（face）（汉译英）
【答案】Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring.
【详解】考查句子结构，时态，疑问词+to do结构以及定语从句。“新形势下”为状语，用介词短语“under the new circumstances”表达，置于句首。“餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战”为“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构，时态用一般现在时；主语“餐饮服务行业”用名词短语“the food service industry”表达；“面临”用动词“face”表达，作谓语动词，主语为第三人称单数，动词用三单形式“faces”；宾语“诸多挑战”用名词短语“numerous challenges”表达。因此该部分翻译为“the food service industry faces numerous challenges”。后半句“如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点”与前文用“and”连接；该句中“如何实现新发展”为句子主语，用“疑问词+to do”结构“how to achieve new development”表达；“成为”用动词“become”表达，结合语境时态用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应是“has become”；“热点”用名词短语“a hot topic”表达，“该行业探索的”可表达为定语从句，修饰先行词a hot topic，时态用现在进行时，“a hot topic”在从句中作动词“explore”的宾语，从句用关系代词that引导，即“that the industry is exploring”。因此该部分翻译为“and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring”。故翻译为：Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring.
25．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）我提出的申请过了好久才得到公司的回复。(before) (汉译英)
【答案】It was long before the company replied to the application I submitted.
【详解】考查时间状语从句和定语从句。句子包含了一个定语从句“我提出的申请”，先行词为“申请”，英文为the application，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，可用that或which，也可省略，句子描述了一个过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故这部分翻译为the application I submitted。主句部分可用“过了好久……才……”句式来表达，主句描述了过去的动作，应用一般过去时，句式的英文为“It was long before...”结构，“得到公司的回复”可翻译为“公司回复了申请”，英文为the company replied to the application。故整句翻译为It was long before the company replied to the application I submitted。
26．（2025·上海奉贤·三模）老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂 (where) （汉译英）
【答案】Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes
【详解】考查句子结构和定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“是否有”应用is there，此处为一般疑问句；表示“社区食堂”应用a community cafeteria/canteen；表示“老人”应用the elderly；表示“能够”应用can；表示“外出就餐”应用dine out，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“家门口”应用near their homes；表示“老人外出就餐”可用where the elderly can dine out，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a community cafeteria/canteen，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译为：Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes
27．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）政府号召公众遵循绿色出行理念，这不仅能改善生活质量，还能为环境保护做出贡献。(call)
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】The government calls on the public to follow the concept of green travel, which can not only improve the quality of life but also contribute to environmental protection.
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。主语为government；表示“号召某人做某事”短语为call on sb. to do sth.；表示“公众”用名词the public；表示“遵循绿色出行理念”翻译为follow the concept of green travel；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“改善生活质量”为improve the quality of life；表示“为环境保护做出贡献”翻译为contribute to environmental protection，且can后跟动词原形。故翻译为The government calls on the public to follow the concept of green travel, which can not only improve the quality of life but also contribute to environmental protection.
28．（2025·上海奉贤·三模）细腻敏感的人更容易对这个故事中的角色产生共鸣。(likely)
_________________________________________________________
【答案】People who are sensitive and perceptive are more likely to empathize with the characters in the story.
【详解】考查时态、原因状语从句、宾语从句。表示“人们”用people，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“细腻敏感的”用定语从句，从句中：先行词是People，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导；be动词用are；表示“细腻敏感的”用sensitive and perceptive，作表语。表示“更有可能”用be more likely to，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用are；表示“同情故事中的人物”用empathize with the characters in the story。位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故翻译为：People who are sensitive and perceptive are more likely to empathize with the characters in the story.
29．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英）
【答案】This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him.
【详解】考查句子结构和whose引导的非限制性定语从句。“这位老中医已行医三十载”为主句，主语“这位老中医”用名词短语“this old Chinese doctor”表达；“行医”用动词短语“practice medicine”表达，结合语境和时间状语，这里用现在完成进行时，即“have/has been doing…”表示从过去持续到现在并会继续持续下去的动作；“三十载”作时间状语，用介词短语“for thirty years”表达。因此，主句译为“this old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years”。“（这位老中医的）病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽”作从句，用一般现在时。主语“（这位老中医的）病患”用“this old Chinese doctor’s patients”表达，因此，“this old Chinese doctor ”做先行词，与之后名词之间为所属关系，用whose引导从句，即“whose patients”；“无不称赞”用动词短语“all praise”表达，“其妙手回春”用短语“his remarkable skills in healing”表达；“对他感激不尽”与之前“无不称赞”为并列谓语短语，用短语“be deeply grateful to him”表达，结合从句主语，be用“are”，与之前并列谓语用“and”连接。因此从句译为“whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him”。故翻译为：This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him.
30．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位艺术家始终精益求精，最终创作出震撼人心的杰出作品，在展览会上大放光彩，可谓功夫不负有心人。(prove) (汉译英)
【答案】The artist always strived for perfection and finally created outstanding and awe-inspiring works that shone brightly at the exhibition, which proved the saying that everything comes to him who waits.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时。“这位艺术家”为“The artist ”作主语，“始终”为“always ”，“精益求精”为“ strive for perfection”。“最终”为“finally”；“创作”为“create”；“震撼人心的杰出作品”为“ outstanding and awe-inspiring works ”；“在展览会上大放光彩”为“shine brightly at the exhibition”，为定语从句，关系代词为that。“可谓功夫不负有心人”处理成定语从句，“证明”为“prove”后接that引导的宾语从句；宾语在陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“功夫不负有心人”为“everything comes to him who waits”。故翻译为The artist always strived for perfection and finally created outstanding and awe-inspiring works that shone brightly at the exhibition, which proved the saying that everything comes to him who waits.
谢谢观看
专题05定语从句
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ONTENTS
定语从句的基本结构
定语从句的两个关键术语
关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
定语从句关系词的用法
定语从句的分类
目 录
定语从句的概念
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是高中英语语法中的一个重要部分，它用于修饰名词或代词，提供关于该名词或代词的更多信息。一个简单句跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，这就叫做定语从句。
重点
重点
重点
二、定语从句的两个关键术语
先行词：
先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。引导定语从句的关系代词有that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose），as 等。引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why
难点
难点
难点
三、关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。
（that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had）
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher.
住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.
我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）
注意
注意
注意
四、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句的基本结构为：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。它提供了从句所描述或限定的对象。
关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分；关系副词则用于引导定语从句，表示时间、地点或原因。
从句：是对先行词进行具体描述或限定的部分，它包含了完整的句子结构，包括主语、谓语和可能的宾语、状语等。
五、定语从句关系词的用法
1.关系代词that, which, who /whom, whose, as
关系代词指代人或者物，在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等成分。
(1).指人
who指人，在定语从句中充当主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom) you talked about. 刘先生就是你谈到的那个人。
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。
(2).which指物，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大部分男孩喜欢的游戏。(which在句子中作主语)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
这是他昨天买的笔。(which在句子中做宾语)
注：
that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
(3).whose通常指人，也可指物的，在定语从句中充当定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 我过去住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。
注：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
whose+n.=the+n.+of+which/whom
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏掉的那个教室将很快被修理。
Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
你喜欢那本颜色是黄色的书吗？
2.关系副词when, where, why
关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when, where, why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
1.when
先行词是表示时间的名词（如time,day,year,month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用 when引导。
I still remember the day when I first met him.
Winter is the time of a year when the day is short but the night is long.
注:
1.when可以换成"介词+which"
I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.
Winter is the time of year when/ in which the day is short but the night is long.
2.如果先行词是时间名词但关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用which或that引导。
I still remember the day which/that was his 100th birthday.
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
2.where
先行词是表示地点名词如place, factory, house等或抽象地点名词case,state, condition, point, situation
且在定语从句中作状语，则用where。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
I was born in the city
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
注:
1.where可以换成"介词+which"
Shanghai is the city where / in which I was born.
I know a place where / in which we can have a picnic.
2.如果先行词是地点名词但关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用which或that引导。
Shanghai is the city which/that I want to visit.
I know a place which / that is famous for scenery.
3.why
先行词是表示原因的名词reason, 且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导。
This is the reason why he left in a hurry.
You should tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
注:
1.why可以换成for which。
This is the reason why /for which he left in a hurry.
You should tell me the reason why /for which you missed the plane.
2.若先行词为reason,且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是 充当主语或宾语，则用which或that引导。
I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me
The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.
Who is the man that is standing by the gate
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
六、定语从句的分类
（一）限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
1.限定性定语从句
定义：限定性定语从句对先行词进行必要的限定，是先行词不可缺少的修饰语，与先行词关系密切，去掉它主句意思就不完整或失去意义。
特点：
通常不用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词有时可以省略（特别是在口语或非正式文体中，且关系词在从句中作宾语时）。
限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
例句：I met someone who said he knows you.（我遇到了一个说认识你的人。）
2.非限定性定语从句
定义：非限定性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，是先行词的附加说明，与先行词关系较松散，去掉它主句意思仍然完整。
特点：
通常用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词不可省略。
在非限制性定语从句中，通常用which引导，但如果不提前，也可用that（但不如which常见）。
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句中或句末，而which则通常放在句末。
例句：The house, which I bought last month, is very nice.（这幢房子很漂亮，是我上个月买的。）
七、定语从句特别注意的几种情况
只用that不用which的情况
1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：2The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。
That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：
The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。
4、被修饰词为数词时。例如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。
5、主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：
There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。
6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。
7、当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。例如：
Who is the man that is standing by the door 站在门边的那个男人是谁？
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多？
人或物在定语从句中表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：
He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。
修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。
2、当关系词前有介词时。例如：
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.
这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。
3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。
5、先行词为that时。例如：
The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。
修饰人时只用who不用that的情况
1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：
The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。
2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用 who关系代词指代人。例如：There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.有位先生想见你。
3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位中文讲得非常好的外国人。
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.受到校长表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。
注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：
The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。
way在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。例如：
I don’t like the way（that /in which）he looks at me.我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致。
（1） I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致。
I, who am your teacher, will try to answer all kinds of questions.
（2）当关系代词as或which 指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
（3）当“one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
The Lord of the Rings is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
当“the only one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the only one,从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
介词+关系代词
介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词的确定
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可以用who或that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。
Do you know the girl to whom our teacher is talking = Do you know the girl (that/ who/whom) our teacher is talking to
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
The school in which my friend once studied is very famous. = The school(that/which) my friend once studied in is very famous.
我的朋友曾经就读的那所学校很有名。
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用或根据上下文要表达的具体意思，或根据先行词的习惯搭配，或根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下：
1.根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. (相当于 My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. (相当于My son was saved by the pilot.)这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
2.根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？(on the day)
3.根据定语从句中某些词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候，这个介词可能就是作定语从句谓语的短语动词中的一个固定介词，如choose from 中的from等。
"介词+关系代词＂的特殊用法
1.有些固定的短语动词在定语从句中作谓语动词时，该短语动词中的介词一般不提至关系代词前，常见的此类短语动词有care for, deal with, get through, hear from, depend on, listen to, look after, look at, look for, send for, see to, pay attention to, take care of等。
这就是我正在寻找的手表。
【误】 This is the watch for which I am looking.
[正]This is the watch which/ that I am looking for.
2.介词in,on,at，for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时，有时可用相应的关系副词when，where,why 等替换。
The reason for which(=why) he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which (= where） I was born.
我出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
八、定语从句能力提升练
单句语法填空
1．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）The Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, the Chinese people were not yet used to drinking coffee.
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新寨村从1952年开始种植咖啡树，当时中国人民还不习惯喝咖啡。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是1952，关系词指代先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
2．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）Everything changed a few years later when Zane brought me to a huge cave entrance there was an old man living in a small house.
【答案】where
【详解】考查where引导的定语从句。句意：几年后，一切都变了，Zane带我来到一个巨大的洞穴入口，那里有一位老人住在一所小房子里。先行词a huge cave entrance表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
3．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）This famous company is looking for people can come up with original and useful ideas.
【答案】who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家著名的公司正在寻找那些能够提出新颖且实用想法的人才。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
4．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）A sports psychologist suggests there is something all great athletes have in common: They love competition and deal with stress well.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一位运动心理学家认为，所有伟大的运动员都有一个共同点：他们热爱竞争，能很好地应对压力。设空处引导限制性定语从句，且先行词something为不定代词，故只能用 that引导。故填that。
5．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the last mile of the race，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
6．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）This type of layout quickly developed and became widely used in subsequent centuries, establishing itself as the most typical approach to traditional Chinese urban planning, was generally acknowledged as the square-block design of towns.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种布局在随后的几个世纪中迅速发展并得到广泛应用，成为中国传统城市规划最典型的方法，这种方法通常被认为是城镇的方形设计。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the most typical approach，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此用which引导。故填which。
7．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，根据世界自然基金会的一份报告，游客去年留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。为了减少我们的影响，我们可以采取简单的步骤：出门前清空冰箱，选择可持续的餐饮选择。“ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词over 1.3 billion tons of food waste，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）A long scroll (卷轴) of the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival,” an iconic painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, constructed straight from LEGO bricks, has been on display since Sep 25th. Covering 47 square meters, this LEGO exhibit, has delicately pieced together a marvelous world the old and the new meet.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个乐高展品占地47平方米，精致地拼凑出一个奇妙的世界，在这里新旧交汇。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a marvelous world，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Together, they started a project which later became a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们一起启动了一个项目，这个项目后来变成了一个名为Phoemica (即乡音苑)的网站，在这个网站上，濒临消失的方言录音被收集和展示。“______ recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a website，先行词将其代入从句中作地点状语，即“在这个网站上”，用关系副词引导从句。故填where。
九、定语从句能力检测
完成句子
11．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）Jan joined an online group （在那里她可以讨论她的问题）and get support and advice from others.
【答案】where she could talk about her problems
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：简加入了一个在线小组，在那里她可以讨论她的问题，并从其他人那里得到支持和建议。“她”she，“讨论……”talk about，“她的问题”her problems，使用复数形式表示泛指，作介词about的宾语，根据joined可知，句子使用一般过去时，“可以”使用情态动词could，后接动词原形形式，空处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an online group，先行词指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导从句。故填where she could talk about her problems。
12．（25-26高一·全国·假期作业）Our teachers encourage us to take part in some volunteer activities in our summer holidays, .
我们的老师们鼓励我们暑假期间参加一些志愿者活动，他们认为这能帮助我们得到全面发展。
【答案】which they think can help us get fully developed
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句及固定搭配。根据句意，“他们认为这能帮助我们得到全面发展”需用非限制性定语从句补充说明“volunteer activities”，先行词为物，故用关系代词which引导。表示“他们认为”为they think，在从句中为插入语，置于关系代词之后，表示“能帮助”为can help作谓语，表示“我们”为us 作宾语，表示“得到全面发展”为get fully developed作宾补，根据“help sb. do sth.”可知，此处使用省to的不定式形式。故填which they think can help us get fully developed。
13．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Mary left a note under the mailbox. She and her friend used to exchange small gifts there when they were children. (用“定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】Mary left a note under the mailbox where she and her friend used to exchange small gifts when they were children.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽在邮筒下面留了一张纸条。她和她的朋友小时候经常在那里交换小礼物。分析可知第二个句子中的there指代第一个句子中的the mailbox，表地点，所以可以用the mailbox作为先行词，用关系副词where引导定语从句修饰the mailbox。故改写为Mary left a note under the mailbox where she and her friend used to exchange small gifts when they were children.
14．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar. His mother used to save spare change for family trips in that jar. (用“定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar where his mother used to save spare change for family trips.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：杰克把一枚幸运硬币放进了那个旧罐子里。他妈妈以前常往那个罐子里存零钱，用于家庭旅行。两个简单句中，“the old jar”是共同的先行词，指物且在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句，合并后的句子通过定语从句修饰“the old jar”，主句为Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar，将从句中的“in that jar”去掉，换成关系副词where引导定语从句置于先行词之后，即where his mother used to save spare change for family trips。故填Jake put a lucky coin in the old jar where his mother used to save spare change for family trips.
15．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）We cleaned the park on weekends. We had great fun during this time. (用“介词+非限制性定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】We cleaned the park on weekends, during which we had great fun.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们在周末清扫公园。在这段时间里我们玩得非常开心。将这两句话整合成含有定语从句的复合句，可以把“We cleaned the park on weekends.”作主句，weekends作先行词，将“We had great fun during this time.”改写为介词+非限制性定语从句。由于weekends是事物名词，“during this time”要保留介词during，删除this time，而且关系代词只能用which，其余不变。故填We cleaned the park on weekends, during which we had great fun.
16．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）I noticed an old man. He was helping a kid pick up books. (用 “定语从句”句式改写句子)
【答案】I noticed an old man, who was helping a kid pick up books.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我注意到一位老人，他正在帮一个孩子捡书。两个句子的相同部分是“老人”，故可将第二个句子处理为定语从句，先行词是“an old man”，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句故答案为I noticed an old man, who was helping a kid pick up books.
17．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）众所周知，随着人民生活水平的提高，汽车已经成为一种受欢迎的交通方式，为生活带来了巨大的便利。
As , with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, great convenience to our life.
【答案】 is known to all which brings
【详解】考查固定短语和非限定性定语从句。“As is known to all”是固定表达，意为“众所周知”，也可理解为as引导的非限定性定语从句；“为生活带来了巨大的便利”可处理为一个非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，用关系代词which引导从句，从句谓语“带来”用动词bring，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语which指代前面整个句子描述的情况，谓语动词用单数形式。故填：is；known；to；all；which；brings。
18．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）用非限制性定语从句改写句子。
Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life. His personal life must be very interesting.
【答案】Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最后，我想问一些关于他个人生活的问题。他的个人生活一定非常有趣。将第二个句子改写为非限制性定语从句，先行词是his personal life，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，且which在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致，原句中有情态动词must，所以从句中用must be。故填Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting。
19．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, so when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it as a flasher. (用非限制性定语从句改写句子)
【答案】Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, which I can use as a flasher when it is dark on my way home or to school.
【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：首先，我在笔里放了一些电池，并安装了一个灯泡，当我回家或上学的路上天黑时，我可以用它作为闪光灯。分析可知，“I can use it as a flasher”it指代light bulb，因此将此句改为非限制性定语从句，先行词为light bulb，作动词use的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导，其它部分不变。故答案为Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, which I can use as a flasher when it is dark on my way home or to school.
20．（2021高三·全国·专题练习）我们应该吃大量低脂肪和高蛋白的食物。
We should eat a large food less fat and more protein.
【答案】 amount of that contains
【详解】考查固定搭配和定语从句。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“大量”可用a large amount of，为固定搭配，后面接不可数名词；表示“大量低脂肪和高蛋白的食物”应用food that contains less fat and more protein，为定语从句，that指代前面的food，contains为谓语动词，时态用一般现在时表客观情况，主语food为不可数名词，所以应填that contains。故填amount of ；that contains。
翻译
21．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Sarah在那家弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英)
【答案】Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore where the smell of aged paper filled the air.
【详解】考查定语从句和名词短语。根据句意，句子描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。表示“Sarah在那家旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记”为主句，Sarah作主语，“发现”为found作谓语，“一本隐藏的日记”为a hidden diary作宾语，“在那家旧书店里”为in the old bookstore作地点状语，所以主句可译为Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore；表示“弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的”为定语从句，先行词“书店”为bookstore，指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用关系副词where引导，“陈旧纸张的气味”为the smell of aged paper，“弥漫”为filled the air，所以定语从句译为where the smell of aged paper filled the air。故翻译为Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore where the smell of aged paper filled the air.
22．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）放学后他们一起练习绘画, 也因此成为最亲密的朋友。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英)
【答案】They practiced drawing together after school, which made them the closest friends.
【详解】考查定语从句。根据中文句和题目要求使用定语从句翻译此句，主句为“放学后他们一起练习绘画”，同时这也是让他们成为亲密朋友的原因，故主句同时是非限定性定语从句“也因此成为最亲密的朋友”的先行词，且在从句中充当主语。主句中，时间状语“放学后”可译为after school，主语“他们”可译为代词they，谓语“练习做某事”可译为practice doing sth.，宾语“绘画”可译为drawing，状语“一起”可译为together；从句中，因为定语从句先行词为物，且在定语从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，“也因此成为”即“主句这件事使得他们成为”，可译为make，“最亲密的朋友”可译为the closest friends，主句和从句的动作都以发生，都使用一般过去时。故整句译为They practiced drawing together after school, which made them the closest friends。
23．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）教练注意到一个害羞的男孩每次训练后都独自练习。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英)
【答案】The coach noticed a shy boy, who was practicing alone after every training.
【详解】考查名词、动词、定语从句、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，表示“教练”为名词The coach；表示“注意到”为动词notice；结合句意可知，应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时noticed；表示“一个害羞的男孩”应为名词短语a shy boy；后接关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句对a shy boy的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“独自练习”应为动词短语practice alone，结合noticed以及语境可知，此处应为陈述过去正在发生的事情，为过去进行时；表示“每次训练后”应为介词短语after every training。故翻译为：The coach noticed a shy boy, who was practicing alone after every training.
24．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）新形势下，餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战，如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点。（face）（汉译英）
【答案】Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring.
【详解】考查句子结构，时态，疑问词+to do结构以及定语从句。“新形势下”为状语，用介词短语“under the new circumstances”表达，置于句首。“餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战”为“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构，时态用一般现在时；主语“餐饮服务行业”用名词短语“the food service industry”表达；“面临”用动词“face”表达，作谓语动词，主语为第三人称单数，动词用三单形式“faces”；宾语“诸多挑战”用名词短语“numerous challenges”表达。因此该部分翻译为“the food service industry faces numerous challenges”。后半句“如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点”与前文用“and”连接；该句中“如何实现新发展”为句子主语，用“疑问词+to do”结构“how to achieve new development”表达；“成为”用动词“become”表达，结合语境时态用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应是“has become”；“热点”用名词短语“a hot topic”表达，“该行业探索的”可表达为定语从句，修饰先行词a hot topic，时态用现在进行时，“a hot topic”在从句中作动词“explore”的宾语，从句用关系代词that引导，即“that the industry is exploring”。因此该部分翻译为“and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring”。故翻译为：Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring.
25．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）我提出的申请过了好久才得到公司的回复。(before) (汉译英)
【答案】It was long before the company replied to the application I submitted.
【详解】考查时间状语从句和定语从句。句子包含了一个定语从句“我提出的申请”，先行词为“申请”，英文为the application，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，可用that或which，也可省略，句子描述了一个过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故这部分翻译为the application I submitted。主句部分可用“过了好久……才……”句式来表达，主句描述了过去的动作，应用一般过去时，句式的英文为“It was long before...”结构，“得到公司的回复”可翻译为“公司回复了申请”，英文为the company replied to the application。故整句翻译为It was long before the company replied to the application I submitted。
26．（2025·上海奉贤·三模）老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂 (where) （汉译英）
【答案】Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes
【详解】考查句子结构和定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“是否有”应用is there，此处为一般疑问句；表示“社区食堂”应用a community cafeteria/canteen；表示“老人”应用the elderly；表示“能够”应用can；表示“外出就餐”应用dine out，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“家门口”应用near their homes；表示“老人外出就餐”可用where the elderly can dine out，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a community cafeteria/canteen，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译为：Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes
27．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）政府号召公众遵循绿色出行理念，这不仅能改善生活质量，还能为环境保护做出贡献。(call)
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【答案】The government calls on the public to follow the concept of green travel, which can not only improve the quality of life but also contribute to environmental protection.
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。主语为government；表示“号召某人做某事”短语为call on sb. to do sth.；表示“公众”用名词the public；表示“遵循绿色出行理念”翻译为follow the concept of green travel；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“改善生活质量”为improve the quality of life；表示“为环境保护做出贡献”翻译为contribute to environmental protection，且can后跟动词原形。故翻译为The government calls on the public to follow the concept of green travel, which can not only improve the quality of life but also contribute to environmental protection.
28．（2025·上海奉贤·三模）细腻敏感的人更容易对这个故事中的角色产生共鸣。(likely)
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【答案】People who are sensitive and perceptive are more likely to empathize with the characters in the story.
【详解】考查时态、原因状语从句、宾语从句。表示“人们”用people，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“细腻敏感的”用定语从句，从句中：先行词是People，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导；be动词用are；表示“细腻敏感的”用sensitive and perceptive，作表语。表示“更有可能”用be more likely to，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用are；表示“同情故事中的人物”用empathize with the characters in the story。位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故翻译为：People who are sensitive and perceptive are more likely to empathize with the characters in the story.
29．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英）
【答案】This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him.
【详解】考查句子结构和whose引导的非限制性定语从句。“这位老中医已行医三十载”为主句，主语“这位老中医”用名词短语“this old Chinese doctor”表达；“行医”用动词短语“practice medicine”表达，结合语境和时间状语，这里用现在完成进行时，即“have/has been doing…”表示从过去持续到现在并会继续持续下去的动作；“三十载”作时间状语，用介词短语“for thirty years”表达。因此，主句译为“this old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years”。“（这位老中医的）病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽”作从句，用一般现在时。主语“（这位老中医的）病患”用“this old Chinese doctor’s patients”表达，因此，“this old Chinese doctor ”做先行词，与之后名词之间为所属关系，用whose引导从句，即“whose patients”；“无不称赞”用动词短语“all praise”表达，“其妙手回春”用短语“his remarkable skills in healing”表达；“对他感激不尽”与之前“无不称赞”为并列谓语短语，用短语“be deeply grateful to him”表达，结合从句主语，be用“are”，与之前并列谓语用“and”连接。因此从句译为“whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him”。故翻译为：This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him.
30．（24-25高三下·上海·阶段练习）这位艺术家始终精益求精，最终创作出震撼人心的杰出作品，在展览会上大放光彩，可谓功夫不负有心人。(prove) (汉译英)
【答案】The artist always strived for perfection and finally created outstanding and awe-inspiring works that shone brightly at the exhibition, which proved the saying that everything comes to him who waits.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时。“这位艺术家”为“The artist ”作主语，“始终”为“always ”，“精益求精”为“ strive for perfection”。“最终”为“finally”；“创作”为“create”；“震撼人心的杰出作品”为“ outstanding and awe-inspiring works ”；“在展览会上大放光彩”为“shine brightly at the exhibition”，为定语从句，关系代词为that。“可谓功夫不负有心人”处理成定语从句，“证明”为“prove”后接that引导的宾语从句；宾语在陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“功夫不负有心人”为“everything comes to him who waits”。故翻译为The artist always strived for perfection and finally created outstanding and awe-inspiring works that shone brightly at the exhibition, which proved the saying that everything comes to him who waits.
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