北师大版高中英语必修第二册UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE课件（共111张）

(共111张PPT)
UNIT 6　THE ADMIRABLE
admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏
I think my uncle is someone I admire. 我认为我叔叔是我敬佩的人。
·He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. 他发现荷马在两千年之后仍然受人仰慕。
admire sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事仰慕某人
·The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 这所学校教学优秀，远近
称誉。
admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕
express/ have admiration for sb/sth 羡慕/钦佩某人/物
in/with admiration赞叹地；钦佩地
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极其出色的
admirer n. 赞赏者；钦佩者　
·I have great admiration for her as a writer. 我十分钦佩她这位作家。
·His breadth of knowledge filled me with admiration. 他学识渊博，令我非常钦佩。
·Her dedication to her work was admirable. 她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。
·He is a great admirer of Picasso’s early paintings. 他十分赞赏毕加索的早期画作。
remarkable adj. 不寻常的；显著的；非凡的
make remarkable contribution to mankind为人类作出非凡的贡献
·His drawings are remarkable for their accuracy. 他的画以精细著称。
be remarkable for＝be known/ famous for 以……著称
·The area is remarkable for its scenery. 这一地区以其优美的景色而引人注目。
remarkably adv. 非凡地；奇异地；显著地
remark vi.& vt.说起，谈论n.评论
make a remark on/ upon/ about 就……发表评论
remark on/upon sth评论/谈论某事　
·The car is in remarkably good condition for its age. 就车龄而论，这辆车的状况好极了。
·He made a number of rude remarks about the food.关于这食物他给出了许多无礼的评论。
·The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition. 评委们说参赛作品水准很高。
cure vt. 治好(疾病)；治愈n. 疗法
cure diseases治好疾病
·The scientists hope to break through soon in the research for a cure for cancer. 科学家希望不久在探索治愈癌症方面获得突破。
cure sb of sth 治好某人的病；改掉某人的(坏)习惯
·Now doctors believe they have cured him of the disease. 现在医生们确信已经治好了他的病。
generous adj. 无私的；慷慨的；大方的
I admire them because they are so generous. 我钦佩他们是因为他们如此无私。
·The portions were generous. 分量很足。
be generous to sb对某人很大方
be generous with sth在某方面很慷慨
It is generous of sb to do sth某人做某事是大方的
·Although he was poor,he was quite generous to his needy friends. 他虽然穷，但对贫苦的朋友很慷慨。
·He got a fine fame for being generous with his money to help others. 他因慷慨解囊帮助他人而得到好名声。
·It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both. 他主动为我们俩付钱，真是大方。
generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地
generosity n. 慷慨，大方　
·The students generously gave them instructions in social responsibility. 学生们欣然为他们讲解什么是社会责任。
·He treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness. 他待他们宽容大度、体贴周到。
put out扑灭(大火等)
put out fires and save people’s lives扑灭大火，拯救人们的生命
·Firefighters soon put out the big fire. 消防员很快扑灭了大火。
put away把……收起来放好
put off推迟，延期
put on穿上，戴上；上演；举行
put forward提出，提议；将……提前　
put down写下，记下；镇压
put up with容忍，忍受　
·She finished putting the milk away and turned around. 她把牛奶收好后转过身来。
·We’ve had to put off our wedding until September. 我们只得把婚期推迟到九月。
·The band are hoping to put on a UK show before the end of the year. 那个乐队希望年底之前在英国举办一场演出。
·He has put forward new peace proposals. 他提出了新的和平建议。
·Never put anything down on paper which might be used in evidence against you at a later date. 切勿以书面形式记录任何日后可能会被用作对你不利证据的言辞。
·I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer. 我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。
put out&go out
1. put out是及物短语，其后必须接宾语，指人为地使火、灯等熄灭。
2. go out 是不及物短语，其后不接宾语，指由于某种原因熄灭。
·She was rushing around madly trying to put out the fire. 她疯了似的跑来跑去，试图把火扑灭。
·There was a power cut and all the lights went out.由于停电所有的灯都熄灭了。
award vt. 授予；给予
The woman was Tu Youyou,the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. 这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
·She was awarded the prize for both films. 她的两部电影双双获奖。
award sth to sb ＝award sb sth 把某物颁发给某人
win/ receive/ get an award for...因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
·The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.在自行车赛中获得第一名的人将获得金牌。
·To win a national award for handwriting,especially in this digital age,is an achievement
in itself. 尤其是在这个数码时代，赢得国家级书法奖本身就是一种成就。
词汇 award/ reward/ prize含义
award vt.授予；颁发；判给，裁定
n.奖品，奖金，与prize(奖品)近义
reward vt.报答，酬谢，可以用于比喻意义
n.赏金，酬金；回报
prize n.指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的奖金或有价值的东西，这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得
·He has just earned his fourth MVP award this season. 这个赛季他刚获得了他的第四个“最有价值球员奖”。
·You deserve a reward for being so helpful. 你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。
·He won first prize in the woodwind section. 他获得木管乐器组一等奖。
honour n. 荣誉vt. 感到荣幸
When thanking the Committee for the honour,Tu Youyou said... 屠呦呦在感谢委员会授予的荣誉时说道……
·I felt it an honour to be invited to your birthday party. 受邀参加你的生日宴会我感到很荣幸。
in honour of... 为了纪念……
be honoured for 因……而受尊重
·The Foundation is holding a dinner in honour of something or other. 基金会正举办某个纪念宴会。
·They are honoured for their achievements in many different areas of life. 他们因为在生活的多个不同领域取得了成就而受到尊敬。
limited adj. 有限的
The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources. 这很困难的原因是团队资源有限。
·Some service may be limited to registered members. 某些服务可能仅限于已注册的会员。
be limited to受限制于
·The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures. 历史教学不应仅囿于年代考证与人物评价。
limit n. 限度；限制；极限；界限 vt. 限制
set a limit 设定一个限制
limitation n. 限制；局限性
unlimited adj. 无限的　
·There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。
·They have to set a limit to the expense of the trip. 他们不得不限制这次旅行的费用。
·They would resist any limitation of their powers. 他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。
·The ticket gives you unlimited travel for seven days. 凭本车票在七日内可自由乘车不受限制。
despite prep. 尽管；虽然
Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. 如今，虽然年事已高，屠呦呦仍然继续开展研究。
·Despite her problems,she carried on working as usual. 尽管她有困难，她照样继续工作。
关于 despite 的句式：
despite＋动名词　　　　despite＋what 从句
despite the fact that...
·Despite taking part in hundreds of interviews,he is still out of work. 尽管他参加了数百个面试，他仍然在失业中。
·Despite what happened in the past,I want her to know I am there for her. 无论过去发生过什么，我希望她知道，我是支持她的。
·She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring. 尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。
despite&in spite of
1. despite意为“尽管；虽然”，相当于in spite of,后接名词、代词或动名词，但语气比后者轻，多用于诗歌或正式文体中。
2. in spite of意为“尽管”，一般是主观上故意忽视，语气较强。
·Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it. 尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，她的声音仍然在颤抖。
·In spite of what happened,he never lost the will to live. 尽管如此遭遇，他从未丧失活下去的意志。
advance n. 发展，进步
There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated. 如果这两种智慧能充分结合，那么未来将有巨大的发展潜力。
·We live in an age of rapid technological advance. 我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
in advance＝ahead of time 预先；提前(指事先)
in advance of... 在……前面；超过
advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进
make advances in... 在……方面取得进步
·You don’t have to pay for the tickets in advance. 你不必预付票款。
·I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting. 我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题。
·The mob advanced on us,shouting angrily. 暴民愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。
·China has made great advances in science and technology. 中国在科技方面进步很大。
advanced adj. 高等的；先进的；晚期的
be advanced to... 被提升为……　
·There were only three of us on the advanced course. 我们中只有三人学高级课程。
·He was advanced to the rank of colonel. 他已晋升为上校。
1. advance本身已有“向前”的意思，因此不必再用forward。类似的还有：repeat
(重复)不与again连用；return(回来)不与back连用；enter(进入)不与into连用等。
2. 表示“在……方面有进步”，后接介词in。
·And they assume that if and when they have children,it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers. 同时她们也会设想如果或者有一天她们有了孩子，要想在她们的职业生涯中取得进步就更加困难了。
apart from... 除……之外
Malaria kills over 1，000，000 people a year—more people than any disease apart from AIDS. 疟疾每年夺去一百多万人的生命——比任何疾病都要多，除了艾滋病。
·Apart from the price,we also need to think about where it is situated when buying a house. 买房子时，除了价格外，我们还要考虑房子的位置。
apart from/except/besides
1. apart from既有except/except for 的含义，也有 besides 的含义；
2. except 相当于 but,意为“除了，排除……在外”；
3. besides 相当于 in addition to,意为“除了……之外还有，包括……在内”；
4. 表示“除……之外”的短语还有：as well as,in addition to,other than,aside from等。
·Your composition is well done except for/ apart from a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得不错。
·We work every day except Sunday. 我们除星期天外每天都工作。
·We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共同之处。
·Other than blowing up a tyre I hadn’t done any car maintenance. 除了给轮胎充气外，我没做过任何汽车保养。
come across偶然发现；偶遇
However,after hundreds of failed experiments,they eventually came across a promising chemical. 然而，经过数百次失败的实验后，他们最终发现了一种有希望的化学物质。
·I came across an interesting story of a name when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.当看望我在河南省的表妹时，我偶然听到一个关于名字的有趣故事。
come about发生　　come up with提出，想出
come out出现，露出；开花；发行，发表
come up发生，出现；被提及，被讨论
come to 总共，达到；当谈及(做)某事　
·Can you tell me how the accident came about？ 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
·The book comes out this week. 这本书本周出版。
·The subject came up during a pre-dinner drink with our guests. 在与客人喝餐前酒的时候，有人提到了这个话题。
·The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. 你首先需要构思一下你的俱乐部大致是什么样。
·Now we come to the crux of the matter. 现在我们来谈问题的症结。
This is not only an honour for myself,but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.这不仅是我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。

not only...but also... 意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。
·Franklin was considered not only an inventor,but also a statesman. 富兰克林不仅被认为是发明家，而且也被认为是政治家。
1. not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为
“不但……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
2. 若连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要使用部分倒装。
3. 若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语的单复数通常与较近的主语保持一致。　
·This method not only has significance in theory,but also is convenient for actual calculation. 这种方法不但有理论意义，而且便于实际计算。
·Not only did he speak English well,but he spoke Japanese more easily. 他不但英语说得好，就连日语也讲得更加轻松。
·Not only I but also my sister enjoys dancing. 不仅我喜欢跳舞，我妹妹也喜欢。

“that Chinese herbs might hold the secret”是同位语从句，解释说明名词idea的具体内容。此处that只起引导作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略。
·There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man！ 当然没有任何迹象表明查尔斯曾经是一个富翁！
1. 从属连词that引导同位语从句时，常跟在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact,belief,news,
doubt,hope,thought,idea,suggestion,problem,possibility,chance,plan,question等，对这些名词起补充说明的作用。
2. 同位语从句也可以由连接代词(who,what,whose,which)，连接副词(how,when,
where,why)或从属连词(whether)来引导。　
·The question whether David is sure to win the game is hard to answer. 大卫是否会赢得这场比赛，这个问题很难回答。
·Helen raised the question where we could get the fund. 海伦提出了我们从哪里可以得到这笔资金的问题。

·We lost the game,even though everyone played well. 尽管每个人都打得不错，我们还是输了。
even though是从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”，引导让步状语从句。
·Even though I fail,I shall try again.即使失败，我也要再试一次。
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
He gave a famous and inspiring speech with the words “I have a dream”.他发表了一个著名而又鼓舞人心的演讲，其中包括“我有一个梦想”这句话。
·His speech was so inspiring that his students were inspired to study harder than ever before. 他的演讲如此激动人心，学生们深受鼓舞，比以前更加努力学习。
inspire vt. 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的　
·The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm. 演员用他们的热情鼓舞了孩子们。
·Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist. 梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。
·I was inspired while watching a television programme showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. 我是在看一个电视节目时受到启发的，这个节目展示了雪橇是如何帮助建设金字塔的。
judge vt. 评价；判断
... they will not be judged by the colour of their skin... ……他们不会以肤色来评判……
·Judging by the look on his face,the news must have been terrible.从他脸上的表情判断，这消息一定很糟糕。
judging from/ by...根据……判断
·To judge from what he said,he was very disappointed. 从他的话判断，他非常失望。
judgement n. 判断力；意见；判决；审判
in one’s judgement依某人看来　
·He achieved his aim more by luck than judgement. 他达到目的主要是靠运气而不是靠判断力。
·It was,in her judgement,the wrong thing to do. 在她看来，那样做是错误的。
judging from/ by...用作独立结构，不用考虑其与主句逻辑关系的一致性。
impressive adj. 令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的
Very impressive indeed！确实令人印象深刻！
·The first ceremony we attended in college was an impressive one.我们在大学参加的第一个典礼让人印象深刻。
impress v. 使印象深刻；使铭记
impress...on... 把……印在……上
impress sth on/ upon sb ＝impress sb with sth
使某人牢记某事
be impressed by/ with...
对……印象深刻
impression n. 印象；影响；感想
leave a/ an...impression on sb
给某人留下一个……的印象　
·Her words impressed themselves on my memory. 她的话语我铭记在心里。
·He impressed her with his sincerity. 他的真诚打动了她。
·We were all impressed by her enthusiasm. 我们都被她的热情打动了。
·His trip to India left a strong impression on him. 他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
respect vt.& n. 尊敬；敬佩
I really admire and respect him... 我真的钦佩和尊重他……
·He went to the law school out of respect for his father’s wishes. 他上法律学校是出于对父亲意愿的尊重。
·He who respects others is constantly respected. 敬人者，人恒敬之。
have/ show respect for 对……表示尊敬
out of respect出于尊敬
respect sb for sth因某事而尊重某人
·She needs to show respect for the courts and let the judge know that she’ll be attending her classes. 她需要对法庭表示尊重，并让法官知道她将会去上课。
·She did it out of respect for her teacher. 她这么做是出于对老师的尊敬。
·She had always been honest with me,and I respect her for that. 她一直对我很诚实。我非常敬重她这一点。
respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的
respectable adj. 体面的；得体的
respective adj. 分别的；各自的　
·We were brought up to be respectful of authority. 我们从小就学会了尊重权威。
·He came from a perfectly respectable middle-class family. 他来自一个非常体面的中产阶级家庭。
·They are each recognised specialists in their respective fields. 他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
pick out挑选；辨认出
Pick out the right information for each of them. 为他们每个人挑选出正确的信息。
·Perhaps you can help me pick out a pair of jeans since you are an expert. 因为你是个行家，也许你能帮助我挑选一条牛仔裤。
·There have been experiments where people could pick out a particular smell.有实验证明，人们可以辨认出特定的气味。
pick up 捡起；拿起；接人；自然学会
pick on 挑选；故意挑剔　
·Where did you pick up your English？ 你在哪儿学的英语？
·He is deliberately trying to pick on us. 他这明显是故意找茬。
the other day不久前某一天
I learnt this on a radio programme the other day. 这是我前几天在广播节目中听到的。
·When I met him the other day,he had just come back from work,looking excited. 前几天我碰到他的时候，他正好下班回来，看上去很兴奋。
all day long一整天
all day and all night 日日夜夜地
one day (过去或将来)某一天
these days现在，如今　　to this day 至今
day by day一天天地　
·I could sit and watch the river all day long. 我可以一整天坐着看那条河。
·They work all day and all night. 他们整日整夜地工作。
·I’ll be famous one day,you just wait！ 我有朝一日会出名的，你就等着瞧吧！
·These days our life becomes better and better.如今我们的生活变得越来越好。
... and there’s no doubt that he was one of the most important figures of the 20th century.
……毫无疑问，他是20世纪最重要的人物之一。
本句中从属连词that引导同位语从句，说明名词doubt的具体内容，that不可省略。
·There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,right？ 你内心相信他是清白的，对吗？
doubt后接宾语从句，如果主句为疑问句或否定句，连词用that；如果主句是肯定句，连词一般用whether/ if。
·I don’t doubt that the gold ring belongs to her.我不怀疑那枚金戒指是她的。
·I doubt if/ whether the chair will bear your weight.我怀疑这把椅子是否承受得住你的体重。
regard vt.认为，看作
Thus,not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films,but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.因此，他不仅在《超人》系列电影中被认为是超级英雄，而且在现实生活中也被很多人认为是超级英雄。
·She regards me as a true friend. 她把我当作真正的朋友。
regard...as... 把……看作……
regards n. [pl.] 致意，问候
in/ with regard to 关于；至于
·He regards himself as a patriot. 他自认为是个爱国者。
·Give my regards to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。
·Understanding what students will expect with regard to salary is an important input. 了解学生对于薪资有什么期望，这是一个重要的信息。
awareness n. 认识；意识
... and he soon gained a reputation for raising awareness for good causes. ……他很快就因提高人们对慈善事业的认识而获得了声誉。
·UNESCO set April 30th as a day to raise awareness of jazz music. 联合国教科文组织将4月30日设立为增强爵士音乐意识的日子。
raise/ strengthen one’s awareness of 增强某人的……意识
·It is important that students raise an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是学生增强如何使用互联网的意识。
aware adj. 意识到的；察觉到的
be aware of/ that...意识到……；明白……
as far as I’m aware据我所知　
·We are aware of his innocence./We are aware that he is innocent.我们意识到他是清白的。
·He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题。
·As far as I’m aware,nobody has done anything about it. 据我所知，无人对此采取任何措施。
strike vi. & vt. 突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响；打，击
Unfortunately,in 1995 disaster struck Reeve. 不幸的是，1995年灾难降临到里夫身上。
·It suddenly struck me that nobody was really in favour of the changes.我突然意识到没有人真正赞同这些变化。
be struck with/by/on... 为……所袭击/打动
It strikes sb that... 某人突然意识到/想到……
·The area used to be struck by raging sandstorms. 这个地区过去风沙猖獗。
·It strikes me that there is no one at home. 我突然想起家中没有人。
commitment n. 投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺
With a new sense of energy and commitment,Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal. 为了达成目标，里夫凭借一种新的力量和使命感，开始了高强度的运动计划。
·Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big commitment. 放弃我的工作并重新接受全日制教育需要大量投入。
make a commitment to do sth承诺做某事
·Make a commitment to learn one list a week. 承诺每星期学习一个单词表。
commit vt. 投入；犯(法、罪等)，干(坏事等)；承诺；自杀
commit... to...向……投入……
commit oneself to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事　
·They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations. 他们呼吁西方国家向极度贫困国家投入更多的钱。
·Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan. 借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。
engage vi. 参加，参与
He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle,and made remarkable
progress. 他进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。
·The programme aims to encourage students to engage themselves in making a difference in society. 这个项目旨在鼓励学生投身社会，并为之带来变化。
engage in sth参加，参与(活动)
engage in doing sth参与做某事
be engaged in参与，忙于
·Even in prison,he continued to engage in criminal activities. 他甚至在监狱里还继续从事犯罪活动。
·I have no time to engage in debating. 我没时间参与辩论。
·We should all be engaged in good causes. 我们应全部从事于好的事业。
try out for参与……选拔
...Reeve tried out for,and was eventually given the lead role in a Superman film. ……里夫参加了试镜，最终获得了电影《超人》中的主角。
·All the students in the class tried out for the English match.全班学生都参加了英语选拔赛。
try on 试穿
try to do sth尽力做某事
try doing sth 尝试做某事
try one’s best to do sth尽某人最大努力做某事　
·Try on the clothes and shoes to make sure they fit. 试穿一下衣服和鞋子，看看是否合适。
·A nurse began to try to save him. 一名护士开始尽力抢救他。
·I want you know that we are willing to try doing it better. 我想让你知道我们很乐意去尝试把事情做得更好。
·Secondly,try one’s best to make indeed and kind together on the base of beauty. 其次，力求真与善在美的基础上得到统一。
due to由于，因为
It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife,parents and friends that he eventually
found the will to live again. 正是因为妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他才最终重新找到了活下去的意愿。
·Most of the problems were due to human error. 大多数问题是由于人类的错误。
thanks to/owing to/due to/because of
1. thanks to多亏，幸亏，由于，常作状语，尤其用于解释某件好事发生的原因和过程。
2. owing to由于，可作状语和表语。
3. due to由于，因为，常作表语。
4. because of因为，用以指出理由。
·It was a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work. 多方尽心竭力，这才大获成功。
·He was out of work owing to a physical injury.他因为身体受伤而失业了。
·The accident was due to excessive speed. 事故的原因是速度过快。
·We have had to raise our prices because of rising costs. 因为成本日益上涨，我们不得不提高价格。

本句中动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
wish后跟宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，表达不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。wish后面宾语从句中的谓语动词形式有以下几种：
would/could do(与将来事实相反)
did/ were(与现在事实相反)
had done(与过去事实相反)　
·I wish I would visit these places of interest in future. 但愿以后我会参观这些名胜。
·I wish I were taller. 我要是个子高一些就好了。
·I wish I hadn’t been late for school yesterday！ 要是昨天我上学没迟到就好了！
It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife,parents and friends that he eventually found the will to live again. 正是因为妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他才最终重新找到了活下去的意愿。
本句为强调句式，强调原因状语“only due to the ongoing support of his wife,parents and friends”。若把it was和that去掉，句意和句子结构仍然完整。
1. 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that/ who＋其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是人以外的内容时，一律用that)。
2. 强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/ Was it＋被
强调部分＋that/ who＋其他部分？
3. 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/ was it＋that＋其他部分？
4. 对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/ was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词，如要强调谓语动词，可在动词前加do,does或did。　
·It was I that/who saw her in the park yesterday. 昨天在公园里看见她的是我。
·It was yesterday that I saw her in the park. 我是昨天在公园里看到她的。
·Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？ 他是昨天见到李平的吗？
·When was it that he met Li Ping？ 他是什么时候遇到李平的？
·It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came home. 直到昨晚12点，我父亲才回家。
So you can see,I’m too busy with living to think of giving up！所以你可以看到，我忙于生活无暇考虑放弃！
本句包含“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义。
·Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. 有时这些决定可能太难以至于人们无法坚持。
1. too...to...结构可以转换为so...that...结构。转换后，that从句的谓语动词要用否定形式。
2. too...to...结构还可以转换为not＋形容词/副词＋enough to do sth结构，其中的形容词/副词是too...to...结构中形容词/副词的反义词。　
·He is too young to go to school.＝He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小了而不能去上学。
·He is too young to go to school.＝He isn’t old enough to go to school. 他年龄还小，不能够上学。
discover vt. 发现，找到；发觉；查明
They finally discovered the most effective drug to cure the disease. 他们终于发现了治疗这种疾病的最有效的方法。
·You’ll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects. 通过学习多门科目的课程，你就会发现你的兴趣所在。
discovery n. 发现
discoverer n. 发现者　
·Researchers in this field have made some important new discoveries. 这个领域的研究人员有了一些重大的新发现。
·Madame Curie is well known as the discoverer of radium. 居里夫人因发现镭而
著名。
discover/invent/create/find
1. discover 发现，发现的事物是本来存在但没人知道的；
2. invent 发明，通过研究制造出从前没有的东西；
3. create 创造，创造新的事物；
4. find 找到，发现，强调找到某物的结果，不强调过程。
·We discovered this beach while we were sailing around the island. 我们在围绕这个海岛航行时发现了这个海滩。
·Alexander Graham Bell became famous overnight by inventing the telephone. 亚历山大·格雷汉姆·贝尔因发明了电话而一夜成名。
·The main purpose of industry is to create wealth. 工业的主要宗旨是创造财富。
·We’ve found a great new restaurant near the office. 我们在办公室附近发现了一家不错的新餐馆。
in spite of尽管……(仍……)；虽然；不顾
In spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart. 尽管发生了这一切，但我仍然相信人的内心是善良的。
·In spite of all his efforts,he failed. 尽管他尽力了，但还是失败了。
despite/ regardless of不管；不顾
in spite of the fact that＋从句＝although/ though＋从句 虽然……；尽管……　
·Despite our worries everything turned out well. 尽管我们却很担心，但结果都一切顺利。
·He went ahead and did it,regardless of the consequences. 他说干就干了，不顾后果。
·She loved her husband in spite of the fact that he earned less money than her. 虽然丈夫没有自己赚钱多，但她仍然爱着他。
1. in spite of与despite/regardless of同义，常可换用。in spite of为普通用语，despite多用于书面语言，despite不与of连用。
2. although/ though也是“尽管；不管；不顾”的意思，为从属连词，后面接让步状语从句。in spite of/ despite＋n.＝although＋从句。
·He went out despite/ in spite of/ regardless of the bad weather.虽然天气不好，但他还是出去了。
a number of许多，大量
...Yang Liwei performed a number of scientific tasks and had a chance to speak to his family. ……杨利伟执行了许多科研任务，并有机会与他的家人交谈。
·A number of soldiers were sent to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake. 许多战士被派去援救在地震中被困的人们。
a number of&the number of
1. a number of＋复数名词，意为“很多，大量”，作主语时，谓语用复数形式；
2. the number of＋复数名词，意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
·There are a number of different points of view on this issue. 在这个问题上意见纷纭。
·The number of students has been falling off recently. 近来学生的数量越来越少了。
a time表示“一段时间”，相当于a period of time,后接when引导的定语从句。
·There was a time when many people were out of work and had difficulty earning their living. 曾经有一段时间，许多人失业，难以谋生。
It/ This/That/ There was a time when...曾经一度(那时)……
It is/ was the first/ second time that sb...是某人第一/二次……
It is time that sb did/ should do sth是某人该做某事的时候了　
·There was a time when Charles was coasting at school and I should have told him to buckle down. 有一段时间查尔斯在学校不太用功，我当时应该让他加把劲的。
·It is the first time they have ever met. 这是他们初次见面。
·It was the second time that he had been elected their monitor. 这是他第二次当选班长。
·It is time that we made a decision. 是我们作出决定的时候了。
“介词＋关系代词(which/ whom)”引导的定语从句
　　本单元语法为“介词＋关系代词(which/ whom)”引导的定语从句，学习时我们要注意以下几点：
在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which和whom。如先行词是物，关系词用which；如先行词是人，则关系词用whom。
例如：
·This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. 这是我去上海所乘坐的船。
·This is the student for whom I bought the book.这就是我给他买书的那个学生。
一、关系代词的选用
二、关系代词的省略
在口语中，介词一般不提前，即仍位于句中原来的位置，只是由关系代词引导定语从句。此时，指人时可用whom,who或that,指物时可用which或that,但多被省略。例如：
·Is this the boy (whom/ who/ that) you talked to just now？这是你刚才和他说话的那个男孩吗？
·The tool (which/ that) he is working with is a hammer. 他现在使用的工具是一把
锤子。
三、介词的选用
“介词＋关系代词”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：
1. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词的惯用搭配来确定介词。例如：
·The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我对其说话的那个人起先没有回答。(speak to)
·The West Lake,for which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place. 西湖是个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
2. 根据先行词来确定介词。例如：
·In his room,we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books. 在他的房间里，我们看见一张，大桌子上面放着各种书。(on a table)
·Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. 昨天我们开了一个会，会上我们讨论了许多问题。(at a meeting)
3. 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。例如：
·Air,without which man can’t live,is really important. 空气确实很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。
·In front of the house Tom is planting a tree,under which he will be able to sit and read some day. 汤姆正在他的房前种树，将来有一天他能坐在这棵树下看书。
四、介词的位置
先行词充当介词宾语时，我们一般将该介词移至从句之首，构成“介词＋关系代词”的结构，从而引导定语从句。例如：
·The girl to whom you should write is Miss White. 你应当给其写信的女孩是怀特
小姐。
·Some of the games in which the young men competed were running,swimming and wrestling. 年轻男子竞技的部分项目有赛跑、游泳和摔跤。
也可将该介词仍放在句中原来的位置上，而使用关系代词引导定语从句。如上述两句也可说成：
·The girl (whom/ who/ that) you should write to is Miss White.
·Some of the games (which/ that) the young men competed in were running,swimming
and wrestling.
但有些动词短语中的介词与动词的关系较紧密，不宜拆开，故该介词就无法移至从句之首。例如：
·He is a man (whom/who/that)you can depend on. 他是一个你可以依靠的男人。
·That is the very bike (which/that) I’m looking for. 那就是我要找的自行车。
这类词组常见的有：look after/for,depend on,send for,deal with,stand for,get off,turn on/off等。
五、选用关系副词还是关系代词
当先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，我们一定要根据引导词在从句中充当的语法成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词：关系词在从句中作主语、宾语时用关系代词，作状语时用关系副词。例如：
·This is the factory that/ which was built last winter. 这是去年冬天修建的工厂。(作主语)
·I’ll never forget the day (that/ which) I spent with you on the island.我永远忘不了和你在岛上度过的那一天。(作spent的宾语)
·I often think of the holiday when I stayed with my uncle.我常常想起和叔叔在一起的那个假期。(作状语)
关系副词when和where引导的定语从句一般可转换成“介词＋关系代词”结构。
例如：
·He still remembered the day when/ on which he came to this school.他仍然记得他来这所学校的那天。
·This is the house where/ in which we lived 10 years ago.这是我们10年前住过的房子。
道德素养和精神素养是一个人不可或缺的部分。青少年时期是一个人的人生观、价值观和世界观形成的重要时期。在青少年三观形成时期，榜样的力量是不可或缺的，也是无穷的。下面是一篇新闻报道，介绍了帮助贫困山区女孩接受高中教育的先锋人物——张桂梅。让我们一起感受一下榜样的力量。
主题：人与社会
学科素养：思维品质
难度系数：★★★
China Honours Education Pioneer who Lifted 1，800 Girls out of Poverty
The founder of China’s first and only free public high school for girls—in a poor,mountainous region in the country’s southwest—has been honoured as an inspirational role model in Touching China Awards in 2021.
Zhang Guimei was in visibly poor health when she accepted the award,prompting a wave of sympathy and support on Chinese social media.
The awards,which recognise wisdom,bravery and tenacity,are presented annually by state broadcaster CCTV. Also among this year’s 10 recipients was Xie Jun,chief designer of Beidou’s third-generation satellite.
Zhang was hailed as a hero during the awards ceremony for her extraordinary achievement in building and operating the High School for Girls in Lijiang’s Huaping County in northern Yunnan Province,one of the country’s poorest areas.
The years of hard work and mental pressure have taken their toll on Zhang,who is battling 23 illnesses including emphysema,cerebellar atrophy and skull osteoma.
She was helped from her chair to the stage,where two small children presented her with the award. Her fingers were wrapped in pain-relieving tape.“I cannot open my palms and move my fingers without these tapes. With them,I can move a bit,” Zhang explained to the ceremony’s host Bai Yansong.
“I eat more than 10 kinds of pills in the morning,and at noon I have to take five kinds of Chinese herbal medicine,” she said,in response to a question from Bai.
“Let’s have a promise—in the coming 10 to 20 years,let us know if you need help,” Bai said. “Will I break it？” Zhang replied,doubtful that she would live that long. “You are giving your life (to this school)，” he said,to which she responded “That’s what I want.”
inspirational adj. 鼓舞人心的，励志的
prompt v. 促进；激起
tenacity n. 坚韧
recipient n. 接受者，获奖者
herbal adj. 草药的
sympathy n. 同情
wisdom n. 智慧
annually adv. 一年一次地
generation n. 代，一代人
mental adj. 精神的
ceremony n. 仪式，典礼
extraordinary achievement突出成就
take one’s toll on付出代价
in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回应
本句是一个倒装句。“Also among this year’s 10 recipients”为表语，was为系动词，“Xie Jun”为主语，“chief designer”为主语的同位语。正常语序的句子为： Xie Jun,chief designer of Beidou’s third-generation satellite,was also among this year’s 10 recipients.
在今年的10位获奖者中，还有北斗三代卫星的首席设计师谢军。

本句是一个主从复合句。“She was helped”为主句，“where two small children presented her with the award”为定语从句，修饰先行词stage。
她被扶着从椅子走到舞台，台上有两个小朋友为她颁奖。