外研版高中英语必修第二册UNIT 1 Food for thought课件（共61张）

(共61张PPT)
UNIT 1　Food for thought
sort n. 种，类；品种 v.整理，把……分类；妥善处理，安排妥当
But I enjoy that sort of food myself.但我喜欢那类食物。
·He’s a very responsible sort of person. 他是个非常有责任心的人。
sort out 把……分类，整理；解决(问题)
sort of 有几分地；到某种程度
sort through 分类，整理
of a sort 同一种类的
out of sorts 心情不佳；身体不适；不高兴的
a good sort 好人
表示“种类”的同义词： category, species, classification, class, type, variety, kind　
suffer v. (身体或精神上)受苦，受难，受折磨；遭受，蒙受；变差，变糟
We all love roast beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese medicine. 我们都喜欢烤牛肉和蔬菜，但是妈妈说，我们最好不要吃太多烤制的食物，因为根据传统中医的说法，这可能会使我们身体上火。
suffer from 忍受，遭受；患……病；受……苦
suffer for 因……而受苦
suffer loss 遭受损失
suffer through 挨过，熬过
·He always suffers from stomach trouble. 他经常胃痛。
·She made a rush decision and now she is suffering for it. 她当初草率决定，现在吃苦头了。
suffering n.痛苦，苦难，折磨
sufferable adj. 可忍耐的，可容忍的
sufferer n.患者；受害者　
gather v. 聚集；收集；收割；使……聚集；使……皱起
...but I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad. ……但是我鼓起勇气咬了一口，惊喜地发现味道还不错。
·People would gather from near and far. 人们会从四面八方聚到一起。
gather together 集合在一起，聚合
gather up 收集起；蜷缩；概括
gather in 聚拢
gather round 围拢；支持，拥护
thanks to 幸亏，由于
Thanks to this, Dad has come to love hot pot！幸亏这个原因，爸爸开始喜欢火锅了！
·Thanks to your explanation, it’s clear to me now. 经你这么一解释， 我就明白了。
due to /owing to /because of /thanks to
due to：书面语，侧重表示“起因于；欠”；多作表语，也可作状语。
owing to：可与due to互换，作状语或表语。
because of：侧重直接、根本的原因，多作状语。
thanks to：侧重表示感激或侥幸，含有“多亏”之意。
take to 喜欢上，喜爱
Even today, he still does not easily take to eating like chicken feet.即使现在，他仍然不喜欢吃像鸡爪一类的东西。
take on (sb) 呈现，具有(特征)；雇用，招收；增加；(飞机或轮船)接纳
take in 吸收；领会；欺骗；接待
take sb on 同……较量；迎战
take one’s measure 估量某人
take the frills out of sb 杀某人的威风
take the wall of sb 不把好走的路让给某人
come across 碰到，遇到；无意中发现；被理解
But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu, a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe.但就在我以为我能应付所有中国菜的时候，我遇到了臭豆腐，一种可怕的灰色东西，不论看起来还是闻起来都像一只烧焦的运动鞋。
·He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across.他讲了很长时间，但没有人真正理解他的意思。
come and go来去，来往；自由走动；时来时去；忽隐忽现
come to nothing/not come to anything不成功，失败，毫无成果
come to that/if it comes to that (引出与刚提及的事物相关的事)说起……来，既然如此，假如那样的话　
must have done 表示对过去发生的动作或状态的肯定推测，意为“一定，准是……”；而对现在或将来发生的动作或状态的肯定推测要用must do。
·Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，昨晚一定下
雨了。
should have done sth 本该做某事(未做)
would have done sth 本想做某事(未做)
could have done sth 本能做成某事(未做成)
need have done sth 本需要做某事(未做)　
·You should have told her that you loved her. 你本应该告诉她你爱她。
·You could have reviewed, but you played games all night.你本可以复习的，但你一晚上都在玩游戏。
To me, there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup！ 对我来说，没有什么比一次跨文化下午茶——英式饼干配上盛在精美瓷杯中的中国乌龙茶更好的了！
there’s nothing better than ...表示“没有什么比……更好的了”。这是一个肯定意义的否定句，即形式上为否定句，意义上表达肯定含义。否定词nothing和比较级连用，表达最高级意义。
类似的表达方式还有nothing less than sth,意为“完全就是某物(一点儿也不比它少)”。
另外，关于nothing还有一个常用短语nothing but, 表示“只有，只不过”。　
·That is nothing less than a lie.那纯属谎言。
·Nothing but a miracle can save her now. 现在只有奇迹出现才能救活她。
本句含as引导的原因状语从句。as用作连词表示原因时，可引导原因状语从句。as主要用于下列两种结构中：
1.as用作连词，表示原因，意为“由于，鉴于”，可引导原因状语从句，相当于because。但as的语气不如because那么强，它所引导的从句往往放在主句前面，用来说明原因。如：
·As it was raining hard, they stayed home. 由于雨下得很大，他们待在家里。
2.as引导原因状语从句时，也可用在“形容词(或副词)＋as从句”这一结构中。如：
·Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him. 因为他累了，我们决定不去打扰他。
related adj.有关系的，相关的
be related to与……有关(后面一般接人、抽象的概念等)
be related with与……有关(后面一般接某种事件或者组织)
·They can sometimes be related to primary disease or infection. 它们有时候可能与原发病或感染有关。
relative adj. 相对的；比较的，关于……的
relational adj. 相关的，有关的
relationship n. 关系，关联
relation n. 关系；亲属关系
relativity n. 相对论；相关性；相对性
relate vi. 涉及；认同；符合；与……有某种联系 vt. 叙述；使……有联系　
·It is difficult to relate his argument to the facts. 很难把他的论证同事实联系起来。
addict n. 对……着迷的人
So, if you’re a sugar addict and aren’t able to say no to chocolate or cola, you had better download it now！所以，如果你对糖上瘾，又不能拒绝巧克力或可乐，你最好现在就下载！
·She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can. 她是个电视迷，看起电视来没完没了。
addicted adj. 沉溺于某种(尤其是不良的)嗜好的；入了迷的，上了瘾的
be/get addicted to 上瘾，沉迷于，沉溺于，对……有瘾
addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
addiction n. 瘾，入迷；嗜好　
trick n. 诀窍，技巧，技法v. 欺骗，哄骗adj.特技的；欺诈的；有诀窍的
The trick is to start with the ones on the outside. 诀窍就是先拿起摆放在外侧的餐具。
trick or treat 不给糖就捣乱
dirty trick 卑鄙手段
play a trick on 开……的玩笑，捉弄……
deceive/cheat/trick
单词 意义 例句
deceive 表示“隐瞒真相或以假象骗人”。 The boy deceived the teacher by lying. 这个男孩用谎言欺骗了老师。
cheat 意为“欺骗”，主要指为了自己的利益欺骗别人。 Space the desk a metre apart so that the pupils can’t cheat. 把桌子按一米的间隔摆开以防学生作弊。
trick 意为“哄骗”，指耍手段进行欺骗，强调在行骗时使用计策，有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。 Stephen is going to be pretty upset when he finds out how you tricked him. 当斯蒂芬发现你是如何欺骗他时，他会非常不高兴的。
differ v. 不同，不一样，有区别；意见相左，持不同看法，不同意
Table manners, however, can differ in different situations. 然而，餐桌礼仪在不同的情况下会有所不同。
differ from 与……不同，区别于……
differ in 不同在……，在……方面存在不同
differ with 与……意见不一，与……不调和
beg to differ 不敢苟同
difference n.差别，差异，不同(处)
differently adv. 不同地，相异地　
recommend v. 推荐，举荐；介绍；劝告，建议
Highly recommended！强烈推荐！
recommend sth for sth推荐某物作某用途
recommend sth to sb向某人推荐某物
recommend sb as...推荐某人担任……
recommend doing建议做
recommend sb to do sth建议某人做某事
recommend that＋主语＋(should)＋do...建议某人做……
It is recommended that＋主语＋(should)＋do... 建议某人……
recommendation n. 推荐；建议；推荐信　
attack v.侵袭，侵蚀；攻击，抨击；着手处理n. 攻击，抨击；疾病发作
The sugar in soft drinks forms acid and attacks our teeth for about 20 minutes each time we drink them.软饮料中的糖形成酸，每喝一次就腐蚀我们的牙齿长达20分钟。
launch/make an attack on/against...发动对……的攻击
under attack遭到攻击
·The police are launching a major attack on drug dealers.警方对毒贩发动了大规模的攻击。
·The town was once again under attack.这座城市再次遭受攻击。
in case 以防万一；假使
Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you dare not pick them up in case you get it wrong.有时候太多副刀叉导致你不敢拿起来，以防弄错。
·Note down her telephone number in case you forget. 把她的电话号码记下来，以防忘记。
in that case 假使那样　case in point 例证
in no case 决不　in good/evil case (在健康、处境等方面)状况良好/不佳
while引导的让步状语从句通常放在主句之前，while在句中的意思是“虽然，尽管”。
· While he can’t speak English very well, he tries to communicate with others in it. 虽然他英语说得不是很好，但是他尽力用英文与人交流。
swing v.(使)(前后)摆动，(使)摇摆　n. 摆动，挥动，转动；秋千
There’s not enough room to swing a cat in my small apartment, so I don’t cook very often. 我的公寓非常小，空间不足，因此我不经常做饭。
·His moods swing alarmingly. 他的心情时好时坏，令人担心。
·The children were swinging on a rope.孩子们抓着绳子荡来荡去。
satisfying adj.令人高兴的，令人满意的
When I get back home, there’s nothing more satisfying than a big meat dinner.当我回到家，再没有什么比吃一顿丰盛的肉类晚餐更让人心满意足的了。
·I found wood carving satisfying. 我觉得木雕能给人带来满足感。
satisfied adj. 感到满意的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的；够好的
satisfiable adj. 可以满足的，可使满足的
satisfaction n. 满意，满足；赔偿；令人满意的事
satisfy v. 满足；说服，使相信；使满意，使高兴
satisfy oneself 彻底弄明白
satisfy one’s curiosity/needs 满足某人的好奇心/需要　
·Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car？我只是出于好奇，请问你买这辆车花了多少钱？
convenient adj. 方便的，便利的；实用的；省事的
I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables, but ready meals are so convenient. 我知道我们应该多吃些新鲜的水果和蔬菜，但是即食餐太方便了。
be convenient for 便于……
conveniently adv.便利地；合宜地
convenience n.便利；便利的事物
for convenience 为了方便起见
at your convenience 在你方便的时候　
·They may use a credit card for convenience. 为了方便他们可以使用信用卡。
identify v. 确定，发现；认出；鉴定；找到；显示；说明身份
Visual information, such as photos and illustrations, can support reading and help you identify the theme and content of a text.视觉信息，比如照片和插图，有助你阅读，有助你确定一篇文章的主题和内容。
identify oneself 证明自己(的身份)
identify with 认同，与某人产生共鸣，谅解，同情
identify sth with sth认为某事物等同于
identify sb with sth把某人视为
·“The answer seems to be that it depends on whether we identify with that person or not,” Jenkins says. 詹金说：“答案似乎取决于我们是否能在对方身上找到认同感。”
resist v. 忍住，按捺；抵制，阻挡；反抗，回击；抵抗；抵挡
The combination of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist. 辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使人难以抗拒宫保鸡丁。
can’t resist doing sth忍不住做某事
resist doing sth 反对/抵制做某事
·I couldn’t resist buying the blouse. 我忍不住买了这件上衣。
adapt v. (使)适应，(使)适合；改编，改写
What’s more, it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes.而且，这道菜容易制作，并且可以根据个人口味进行调整。
adapt to sth 适应某事
adapt for 调整，使适合于；为……改编
be adapted from 由……改编而来
·Susan had thought she would adapt to life there soon but she found later things were not so easy and she began to feel homesick. 苏珊以为自己会很快适应那儿的生活，可后来发现事情没那么容易，于是她开始想家了。
put...to the test 使……受考验/检验
We put this to the test by asking five people to open their fridge doors and talk about their lifestyles.为了检验这句话，我们让五个人打开冰箱，并谈论他们的生活。
·Your powers of adaptability will be put to the test, as other people seem to be completely fixed on their opinions.你的适应能力将要接受考验，因为其他人似乎非常固执己见。
take a test 参加测试
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验　
catch up 打听(不在时所发生的事情)，别后叙谈；补做，赶做；了解近况；赶上，
跟上
Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other’s days.一起做饭让我们有机会放松身心，了解对方一天的生活。
·We can catch up on the gossip. 我们能聊聊八卦。
·I need to catch up on some paperwork. 我必须赶做一些文案工作。
I guess I’ve always been a big meat eater and in this house, no family meal is complete without some form of meat.
我想我一直都是个肉食动物，在我家一顿饭如果没有肉就是不完整的。
本句是and连接的并列句，第二个分句中“no...without...”是双重否定结构，表示肯定意义。其用法如下：
1. 否定词no/not等＋表示否定意义的形容词。
·No way is impossible to courage.勇者无畏。
2. 否定词 no/not/never等＋without...
·No smoke without fire. [谚]无火不起烟；无风不起浪。
3. 否定词 no/not/never/nobody/few等＋具有否定意义的动词或短语。
·The tart reply did not discomfort him. 那刻薄的回答并没有使他难过。
情态动词(一)
一、 can, could与be able to的用法
1. 表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able to。
Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf. 塞缪尔，我们班最高的男生，可以轻松地摸到书架顶端的书。(现在的能力)
2. 表示将来的能力：will be able to。
If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。(将来的能力)
3. 表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。
It was really annoying. I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended. 真令人恼火。我无法进入你推荐的数据库。(过去的能力)
I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous. 我本来可以解决这个问题，但是我太紧张了。(本来有能力做但未做)
4. can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing？ 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(表示惊讶)
5. can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。
二、 may与might的用法
1. 表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用can’t, 表示“不可以”之意。
—May I play basketball this afternoon？
—No, you can’t.
——今天下午我可以打篮球吗？
——不，你不可以。
2. may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。
3. “may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。
If you think the price of beef is too high, you might as well buy some chicken. It depends on you. 如果你觉得牛肉太贵的话，不妨买些鸡肉。你自己决定。
三、 must的用法
1. must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。
2. must表示必要性，意为“必须”。
—Can’t you stay a little longer？
—It’s getting late.I really must go now.My daughter is home alone.
——你不能再待一会儿吗？
——太晚了。我现在必须走了。我女儿自己在家。
Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.进步一定会促成一种更好的生活和更好的做事方法。
3. must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要离开的话，至少等到暴风雪结束后再走。
四、 need与dare的用法
1. need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
As far as I’m concerned, you needn’t worry about us now. 就我看来，你现在没有必要担心我们。
2. dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。
How dare you say I’m unfair？你竟敢说我不公平？
在肯定句中need和dare通常为实义动词，否定和疑问需借助助动词do及其变形。
He daren’t/doesn’t dare to speak English before such a crowd.在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。
五、 will与would的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。
Would you mind opening the window for me？
请你给我打开窗户好吗？
2. will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。
3. will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。
4. would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
Mum would tell us stories before we went to bed. 以前在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲
故事。
六、 shall, should与ought to的用法
1. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir？
—I haven’t decided on the time.But I will call you.
——先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？
——我还没有决定是什么时候，但是我会给你打电话的。
2. shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或
威胁。
You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。
3. should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。
What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？ There should be twelve.你说只有10张票是什么意思？本来应该有12张票的。
4. “Why/How＋should”结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，有感到意外、惊讶等意思，意为“竟会”。
5. ought to表示“应该”。
6. shall还可表示法律、规章和条例中规定的“应该”。
According to the newly-made traffic regulation, whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 dollars. 根据新的交通法规，驾车闯红灯者将至少被罚款200美元。
　　学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。英语学科的核心素养包括语言能力、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力。
本文讲述乌干达的立法者正在考虑禁止人们在家里制作一种受欢迎的酒精
饮料。
主题：乌干达传统饮料
学科素养：文化意识
难度系数：★★★
Ugandan Homemade Drink Threatened by Bill, Market Changes
Lawmakers in Uganda are considering barring people from making a popular alcoholic drink at home.
The bill being considered would affect people like the Ndyanabo family.
At least once a week, Girino Ndyanabo’s family gathers around a hole in the ground where bananas have been left to ripen. The family then peels the bananas and puts them into a wooden container shaped like a boat. The father steps in with his bare feet. The sweet banana juice he presses out is then filtered. To this he adds sorghum. The juice is then left to ferment for up to a day. This process changes the juice into an alcoholic drink.
The result is the home-brewed drink Ugandans call tonto, or tontomera. This word describes a drinker’s poor movements.
Tonto is famous in Uganda. Everyone drinks it—from officials to labourers. Singers sing about it. Politicians seeking office drink it with voters. And traditional ceremonies end at sunset with tonto parties.
However, there are threats to the way tonto is currently produced. More people are now drinking low-cost bottled beer. Health officials want rules to limit the risks from contaminated home brews. And officials want to get tax income from the production and sale of the drink.
But farmers have a more urgent concern： Not enough new banana juice cultivars are being planted to produce the drink.
Instead, more farmers are planting a different sort of banana. This kind is boiled and eaten as a popular dish called matooke.
Girino Ndyanabo farms in the western district of Mbarara. His first experience with tonto was as a little boy in the 1970s. He said he has only a few plants left of the cultivars he uses to make tonto.
He gets his bananas from farmers near him until he can fill the small pit on his farm. The natural underground heat ripens the bananas within days as he prepares for the weekly pressing. The event is important in the family’s daily life because they sell tonto.
Ndyanabo said his weekly brew has regular buyers. But in recent years, he has seen both demand and supply slow. This is partly because the sale price of tonto has been largely unchanged for many years.
However, the process of brewing it has become more difficult. Tonto brewers must travel farther for their bananas. Also, the price of sorghum has gone up.
To help this situation, he has been trying to plant more of the banana juice cultivars. They grow faster. And his son, Mathias Kamukama, helps.
The family makes five or six 20-litre jerricans for each brewing. A jerrican’s worth sells for about $8. A half-litre of tonto sells for about 27 cents, compared to 67 cents for the cheapest bottled beer.
This is partly because the sale price of tonto has
　　　　　　　　　
been largely unchanged for many years.
这在一定程度上是因为多年来，tonto的销售价格基本没有变化。
press v. 按；(被)压
describe v. 描述
threat n. 威胁
process n. 过程
bar v. 禁止
ripen v. (使)成熟
sorghum n. 高粱
cultivar n. 栽培品种