外研版(2019)必修第二册UNIT 3 On the move词汇课件（共71张PPT)

(共71张PPT)
UNIT 3 On the move
represent v. 代表，表示，作为……的代言人；维护……的利益；等于；相当于；意味着；正式提出
Talk about what you think these things represent in a football game.谈谈你认为这些东西在足球比赛中代表什么。
·I’ll represent to him the risk he is running.
我要向他指出他所面临的险境。
represent...as...将……描述为……
represent sth (to sb) 正式提出(意见、抗议等)
·The king is represented as a villain in the play. 剧中国王的形象是一个恶棍。
·I can only represent it to you by metaphors. 我只能用隐喻来向你描述它。
·Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way. 让我尝试用另一种方式来向你描述我的想法。
representative adj.典型的，有代表性的；代议制的；表现的，体现的
n. 代表；典型人物；众议院议员；销售代表
representation n.代表；表现；陈述
basis n. 基础；根据；原则
That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.足球是一项如此简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的根本原因。
on the basis of 根据；基于……
the basis of sth 某事的基础，基石
on a daily/regular/weekly basis每天/定期/每周
serve as a basis作为基础(或依据)
on a voluntary basis在自愿原则下
·He was convinced on the basis of what had by then appeared that there would be a long and a difficult struggle.他根据当时已经出现的情况，深信以后会有一场漫长而艰难的斗争。
base/basis/foundation
词语 意义 例句
base n. 底部，基础；(军事)基地。指某事物的基底部分，一般用单数。也可以指知识、想法等的基础或军事组织的基地。 The day dawned sunless and with a low cloud base.黎明时分天气阴沉，云幕低垂。
basis n. 基础，根据。指支持某事物并构成其发展基础的重要事实、观念、事、物等。复数是bases。 Dr Mesibov set forth the basis of his approach to teaching students.梅西伯夫博士阐述了他的教学方法的基础。
foundation n.地基；基础，根据。指建筑物的地基，也可用来表示思想基础或基本原理。 She dug the foundation with a pick and shovel. 她用镐和铁锹挖地基。
1. base n. 基础；基地；根据　v. 以……为基地
base sth on sth 某事以某事为根据(或基础)
be based on 以……为基础
2. basic adj. 基本的
3. basically adv. 基本上；总的来说；从根本上说　
·He based his conclusions on the evidence offered by the experiment.他根据实验提供的证据得出了自己的结论。
content n. 满意的，满足的；(书的)目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题，主要内容 adj. 满意；满足；愿意 vt. 满足；满意；知足；使满意；使满足
All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags；just like Pelé did when he was a boy.在世界各地，你都能看到孩子们用塑料袋做的球尽情玩耍，就像贝利小时候那样。
·Stricter controls were placed on the content of video films.对录像片内容实行了更为严格的监管。
content oneself with sth 自满于；使……满足
be/feel content with＝be satisfied with 对……感到满意
do sth to one’s heart’s content 尽情地做某事；心满意足地做某事
be content to do sth 愿意做某事
·I am content to admire the mountains from below.我满足于从山脚下观赏山景。
·You will have to content yourself with what you have.你应该满足于你所拥有的
一切。
contented adj. 满足的；惬意的
contentedly adv. 满足地；安心地
contentment n. 满足；满意　
defend v.(在比赛中)防守，防卫，防御；保护；保卫；辩解；辩白
You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.你不必成为一个球迷，也能看明白职业球员运用身体传球、进球和防守的技巧，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛结束时惊人逆转带来的兴奋感。
·To argue otherwise is trying to defend the indefensible. 持相反的论点就是试图为站不住脚的事情强辩。
·I have sworn an oath to defend her. 我发誓要保护她。
defend oneself 自卫；申辩；自行辩护
defend against 防卫，保卫；抵抗
defend with 用……防卫
·Aircraft carriers and their accompanying ships are unable to defend themselves against such a threat. 航母和随行船只无法在这样的威胁下保护自己。
·All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。
defensive adj. 自卫的；防御用的
defensible adj. 可防御的；可辩护的；可守护的
defense n. 防卫，防护；防御措施；防守
defendant n. 被告　
assure v. 向……保证，使确信，弄清；查明；确保
“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, ...”said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager.“I can assure you it is much, much more important than that.”“有些人认为足球是一个生死攸关的问题……”著名足球运动员兼主帅比尔·香克利说。 “我敢保证足球比生死重要得多。”
assure oneself 弄清楚，查明
assure sb of 向……保证；查明(使相信)
assuring adj. 保证的；确信的；使人有信心的
assurance n. 保证；保险；自信　
guarantee & assure
词语 意义 例句
guarantee v. 保证，担保。指以口头或书面形式作保证、担保、承诺，含若违背则予以补偿之意。 We guarantee that you will find a community with which to socialise.
我们保证你们会找到自己的社交圈。
assure v. 向……保证，使确信。指用言语承诺某事一定会发生或一定是真实的，以消除他人的疑虑或担心。 This may sound trivial, but I assure you it is quite important！ 这听上去也许微不足道，但是，相信我，它十分重要！
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；逃跑；布满(汗水)
World War Ⅰ had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.第一次世界大战几个月前就爆发了，但英国和德国士兵放下枪，一起踢足球——这是多年冲突中值得纪念的和平时刻。
·Armed conflict may break out at any moment. 武装冲突有一触即发之势。
·Every morning I would break out in a sweat. 每天早上我都会出一身汗。
·They died, to a man, when they tried to break out. 他们企图逃走的时候全都丢掉了性命。
break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break up 解散；打碎；驱散　
·He had almost run out of fuel and was forced to break into a filling station. 他把油几乎都用光了，不得不闯进一家加油站。
put down放下；贬低(的话)；(飞机的)降落；镇压；平定；记下
World War Ⅰ had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.第一次世界大战几个月前就爆发了，但英国和德国士兵放下枪，一起踢足球——这是多年冲突中值得纪念的和平时刻。
·Rebellions were put down with appalling barbarity. 叛变被残酷地镇压了下去。
·Let me put down your telephone number lest I forget it. 让我先记下你的电话号码，以免忘了。
put sb down as 把某人视为
put sb down for 登记，注册
put down one’s name for＝put one’s name down for 申请成为……的一员
put down one’s foot 坚决反对
put down to someone’s charge＝put down sth to someone’s account 把……记在某人的账上
put down to 归属于
put down roots 定居(扎根)　
本句是that引导的主语从句。
1.that在句中不作成分。当主语从句位于句首时，不能省略。如：
·That he likes books of this kind is very interesting.＝It’s very interesting (that) he likes books of this kind. 他喜欢这种书真是有趣。
这是用得最多的一种主语从句，但把这种主语从句放在句首是很少的，只是为了强调或谓语较长时才这样安排。
·That prices will go up is certain. 价格会上涨是肯定的。
2.当谓语动词是seem, appear, be a pity,be a wonder, be likely等时，使用形式主语it, 而将真正的主语放在句尾，这时从属连词that可省略。如：
·It appeared to scientists on the earth (that) the stars had moved. 在地球上的科学家看来，好像是恒星移动了。
绝大部分主语从句都借助形式主语将真正的主语放到句子后部。
1.It＋be＋形容词＋that从句。如：
It was quite obvious that she didn’t want to come. 很明显她不想来。
2.It＋be＋名词＋that 从句。如：　
It’s a pity that he can’t swim. 他不会游泳真遗憾。
3.It＋动词(＋宾语或状语)＋that 从句。如：
It seems that you’re right. 你似乎是对的。
4.It＋动词的被动语态＋that 从句。如：
It’s said that there has been an earthquake in India. 据说印度发生了地震。　
句中see kids playing 为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，表示“看见某人正在做某事”。
常见的感官动词(短语)：五看see, watch, observe, look at, notice；两听hear, listen to；
一感觉feel　
若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，在变为被动语态时，一定要加上to。
·The missing boy was seen to enter the building last night.有人看到这个失踪的男孩昨天晚上进了这座楼里。
Another factor behind football’s global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. 足球得以风靡世界的另外一个因素是(这种运动)在球场上展示出来的创造力和激动人心的氛围。它足够有趣以吸引数百万观众。
本句含有“副词enough＋不定式”结构。 动词不定式在作结果状语时往往用于某些特定结构中，enough to do就是其中之一。
“only/never＋不定式”结构与上述用法相似，但only to do 用来引出意想不到的或不愉快的结果，表示说话人并不希望它发生。
·He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed. 他飞快地跑过起居室，却发现前门锁上了。
adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的
It also has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to wear.它还有一个语音控制设置，使您保持免提，而其防水带是完全可调的，使它戴着舒适。
·The bags have adjustable shoulder straps.
这些包的肩带可以调整。
·More expensive cameras have adjustable focusing. 比较贵的照相机有可调焦距。
adjust v.调整；调节；适应；习惯；整理
adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth 使(某人)适应(做)某事　
adjustment n. 调整，调节；调节器
make adjustments to 对……作出调整　
balance n. 平衡；余额；匀称
Using only a rope, you can develop your footwork and balance.只用一根绳子，你就能锻炼你的步法和平衡。
·But the point is that it’s got to be held in balance with all our other important values.但关键是得与其他重要的价值观相平衡。
·I have a balance of about 50，000 yuan in my savings account.我的储蓄账户里的余额大概有5万元。
(on) the balance of evidence/probability
(从)总的来说；(考虑)正反两方面；权衡双方证据
(be/hang) in the balance (前途)不明朗；(结果)未定，悬而未决
(catch/throw sb) off balance (使)失去平衡(而有跌落危险)；使(毫无准备而)不知
所措
on balance总的来说
strike a balance (between A and B) (在对立二者之间)找到折中的办法；平衡(对立的双方)
out of balance 不平衡，失去平衡
balance v. 使(在某物上)保持平衡；相抵；抵消；同等重视(相对的两个事物或
方面)
balance out (使)平衡；(使)相抵；(使)抵消
balanced adj. 平衡的；客观公正的　
involve v. 包含，需要；牵涉；牵连；影响；(使)参加，加入
It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.它包括做非常缓慢的体育锻炼，放松你的心情，平静你的身体。
· The biggest shift seems to involve language, and by implication thought and feeling. 最大的转变似乎牵涉语言，从而关乎思维与感想。
involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参加(做)某事
involved adj. 有关的；卷入的；复杂的
be/get/become involved in...参与……；与……有关联；专心于……
involvement n. 牵连；包含；投入；沉迷
involve/hold/contain/embody/embrace/target/include
词语 意义 例句
involve v. 包含。指包含因整体的性质决定的成分或结果。所包括的往往是无形的，不可触知的东西，多用作引申。 Most political questions involve morality in some form or other.多数政治问题牵涉到这样或那样的道义性。
hold v. 容纳。指容纳某一数量的人或事物，强调包容的能力。 A single CD ROM can hold more than 500 megabytes of data. 一张只读存储光盘能容纳500兆以上的数据。
词语 意义 例句
contain v. 容纳，包含。指容器装有具体东西，含仍有剩余空间之意；也指包含具体之物或数据、信息等。 She bought a travel-bag large enough to contain the film canisters. 她买了一只能装得下那些胶卷筒的旅行包。
embody v. [正式]包括，包含。指包含某些内容，而这些内容是某事物的组成部分。 The latest locomotives embody many new features.这些最新的机车具有许多新的特色。
embrace v. [正式]包括，包含。指包含和整体有关的细节。 Both parties must embrace the end objective. 双方必须拥护最后的目标。
include v. 包括，包含。指包括属于整体的部分，可以是具体的或抽象的。 The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians. 这次巡回赛将包括和澳大利亚野人队的比赛。
response n. 回答，答复
During the interview, listen carefully to each question and try to understand the main ideas within the interviewee’s responses.在采访过程中，仔细倾听每一个问题，尽量理解受访者回复中的主要观点。
responsible adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的
respondent n. 回答问题的人；被告
respond v.回答；作出反应；承担责任，以……回答
respond with... 作出……回应
respond by 以……方式反应　
keep track of 了解……的动态；与……保持联系
Are you looking for a sports watch that can help you keep track of your fitness and chart your training progress？ 你在找一款可以帮你跟踪你的健康状况并记录你的训练进度的运动手表吗？
·I find it difficult to keep track of my old friend now. 我发现现在很难与老朋友保持联系。
lose track of 不了解……的动态；与……失去联系
be on track 步入正轨
back on track 重新步入正确轨道
be on the right/wrong track 思路正确/错误
track down 追踪到，追查到　
·I’ve lost track of how many times he called last week. 我已记不清他上周打了多少次电话了。
due to 由于，因为
...fell in love with tai chi due to the classes.
……由于上课而爱上了太极。
·Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, this year’s show has been cancelled. 遗憾的是，由于一些意外情况，今年的演出被取消了。
·Errors may have been made due to human fault. 由于人难免犯错，错误可能已由此而生。
due 作形容词，意为“预定的，预期发生的”，常构成搭配be due to do sth。
本句是由whether...or... (不管……还是……)引导的让步状语从句，whether 还可以用于whether...or not/whether or not... 结构，意为“是否……；不管……与否”。
·It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实践还有待观察。
1. whether...or... 可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……还是……”。
2. whether...or... 还可引导表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句和同位语从句，意为
“是……还是……”。
power n. 力量；权力；政权；能力；动力
Then I discovered an app called Running Power. 然后我发现了一个叫作“跑步力
量”的应用程序。
·The town’s new high-tech power plant is expected to go online this month.这个镇的新的高科技发电厂预计这个月就能启用了。
·Just one bloom of jasmine has the power to perfume a whole room.仅仅一朵茉莉花就可以使整个房间充满香气。
come to power 上台(强调动作)
be in power 掌权(强调状态)
in/within one’s power(to do sth) 某人有权/能力(做某事)
beyond one’s power(to do sth) 某人无权/能力(做某事)
nuclear/wind/solar power 核能/风能/太阳能
powerful adj.有权势的；强有力的
powerless adj.无权力的；无能为力的　
inspire v. 鼓舞，激励；使产生(某种感情或反应)，激起
End by saying why he/she inspires you. 最后说说他/她为什么会激励你。
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb 激起某人的某种情感
·Her work didn’t exactly inspire me with confidence.她的工作并没有使我真正地产生信心。
inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspired adj.品质优秀的；受……影响的　
persuade v. 说服，劝服；使相信，使信服
He then persuaded me to try ice hockey. 后来，他说服我尝试打冰球。
persuade sb to do sth＝persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth＝persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事
persuade sb that... 使某人相信……
· His endeavours to persuade her to go with him failed. 他尽力劝她同他一起走，但是失败了。
persuade & advise
persuade sb to do sth/persuade sb into doing sth意为“说服某人做某事”，强调结果。
advise sb to do sth意为“劝说/试图说服某人做某事”，强调动作，不一定说服。
in turn 相应地，转而；依次地，轮流地
It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. 然
而，有时压力很大，这反过来又让我感到焦虑。
·We offer an excellent education to our students. In turn, we expect students to work hard. 我们为学生提供良好的教育。相应地，我们也希望学生们努力学习。
·Tourism brings in a lot of money to the locals, which, in turn brings about more than one problem. 旅游业为当地带来了财富，但也带来了不止一个问题。
in return (for sth) 作为(某事物的)报酬；作为(某事物的)回报
by turns 轮流地，交替地　
take turns to do sth＝take turns (in) doing sth 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事了
die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝
This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s last remaining gorillas from dying out. 这是大猩猩保护组织发起的一个项
目，旨在筹集资金保护世界上仅存的大猩猩免于灭绝。
·Elephants would die out if men could shoot as many as they wished.如果人们想猎杀多少大象就可以猎杀多少，大象就会灭绝了。
·Presently her footfall died out as she descended to the lower floor.当她到达下一层楼时，她的脚步声不久就消失了。
die away (声音、风或光)慢慢变弱，渐渐消失
die down 减弱，平息
die off 相继死去，先后死去(直至死光)
die of 因……而死(一般指内因，如疾病、衰老等)
die from死于……(一般指外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等)
be dying for/to do sth 极想要某物/渴望做某事　
· Her voice died away as she saw the look on David’s face. 当她看到大卫脸上的表情时，声音渐弱了。
· After the excitement of the audience died down, the speaker started his speech. 待观众激动的心情平复后，发言者开始了演讲。
· She was dying to ask where he’d got it. 她极度想问他他从哪得到了它。
此句是由before 引导的时间状语从句。before 在不同的情况下含义不同，可译为“……之后才；在……之前就；还没来得及……就”等。不管如何翻译，before 本质上还是“在……之前”的含义。
before sb can do sth 某人还没来得及做某事
It was＋时间段＋before... 过了多长时间才……
It will be＋时间段＋before... 要过多长时间才……
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
一、 不定式作定语
1. 不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词之间存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
Do you have anything to say for yourself？ 你还有什么要为自己辩解的吗？
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening. 她通常在晚上有很多会议要参加。
2. 不定式与被修饰词存在动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面应有必要的介词。
3. the first, the second, the last, the best, the only thing 等常接不定式作定语。
They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他们总是第一批吃苦，最后一批享受的人。
4. 常接不定式作定语的名词有 ability, ambition, chance, attempt, decision, need, plan, promise, reason, time, way 等。
This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience. 这将是一个交流经验的好
机会。
二、 不定式作结果状语
1. 不定式作结果状语时常与only连用，表示出乎意料的结果。
We hurried to the classroom, only to find nobody there. 我们急匆匆地赶到教室，发现一个人都没有。
2. 在...enough to do, too... to do, so... as to do, such... as to do 结构中，to do 表示结果。
He is wealthy enough to afford such a big house. 他有足够的钱买这幢房子。
His mother is too anxious to fall asleep. 他妈妈太焦虑了以至于睡不着。
The girl was so kind as to help the old man get off the bus. 这个女孩很善良，她帮助这个老人下公交车。
He was not such a fool as to fail to see that point. 他没有蠢到看不到那一点。
不定式作结果状语时常与only 连用，表示出乎意料的结果；而现在分词作结果状语时，表示自然而然的结果。
　　学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。英语学科的核心素养包括语言能力、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力。
本文聚焦于第一次登上珠穆朗玛峰的团队中唯一在世的成员的言论：目前攀登这座山太拥挤，污染严重。
主题：攀登珠穆朗玛峰
学科素养：文化意识
难度系数：★★★
Last Member of 1st Team to Top Everest Says Mountain Crowded, Dirty
The only living member of the team to first climb to the top of Mount Everest says the mountain is too crowded and polluted.
Ninety-one-year-old Kanchha Sherpa was part of the team that helped New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Nepali Sherpa Tenzing Norgay reach the peak of the world’s tallest mountain on May 29， 1953.
Kanchha recently said the 8，849-metre tall mountain must be respected. “They should not be dirtying the mountain,” he said.
Since 1953， the mountain has been climbed thousands of times, and it gets more crowded every year.
During the spring climbing season in 2023， 667 climbers got to the top, or summit. And that brought thousands of support workers to Everest base camp between March and May.
“It would be better for the mountain to reduce the number of climbers,” Kanchha said. “Right now there is always a big crowd of people at the summit.”
There have been concerns for years about the number of people living on the mountain for several months and leaving trash behind. But officials have no plans to cut down on the number of permits they issue to climbers.
The rules require climbers to bring down their own trash, equipment and everything they carry to the mountain. But monitoring of the climbers has not been very effective.
“It is very dirty now. People throw tins and wrappings after eating food. Who is going to pick them up now？” Kanchha said.
Some climbers just drop their trash in deep openings in the earth on the mountain, he said, noting that the trash is hidden at first. But, he said, in time the trash “will flow down to base camp as the snow melts and carries them downward.”
For the Sherpas, Everest is Qomolangma or goddess mother of the world. The mountain is highly honoured. And Sherpas generally perform religious services before climbing it.
Kanchha was just a young man when he joined the Hillary-Tenzing climb. He was among the three Sherpas to set up the climb’s last camp for Hillary and Tenzing to use.
They heard by radio message that Hillary and Norgay reached the top. Later, the summiteers reunited with the Sherpas at Camp 2.
“We all gathered at Camp 2 but there was no alcohol so we celebrated with tea and snacks,” Kanchha said. “We then collected whatever we could and carried it to base camp.”
The path they opened up from the base camp to the summit is still used by current climbers.
There have been concerns for years about the number of people living on the mountain
for several months and leaving trash behind.
　　　　　　
现在分词短语作后置定语
本句为there be句型，and连接living...和leaving...两个现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。
多年来，人们一直担心在山上生活了几个月并留下垃圾的人数。
Some climbers just drop their trash in deep openings in the earth on the mountain, he said, noting that the trash is hidden at first.
现在分词短语作伴随状语
本句中noting ...为现在分词短语作伴随状语，that引导宾语从句作noting的宾语。
他说，一些登山者只是把垃圾扔在山上泥土深处的洞口里，并指出垃圾一开始是被藏起来的。
concern n. 担忧　　　
cut down削减
set up建立；搭建
current adj. 目前的
crowded adj. 拥挤的
issue v. 宣布，公布