外研版高中英语必修第一册UNIT 3 Family matters课件（共75张）

(共75张PPT)
UNIT 3　Family matters
character n.(书、剧本、电影等中的) 人物，角色
It has a plot, settings, characters and actions, as well as dialogue between characters.它有情节、场景、人物和动作，还有人物之间的对话。
·The leading character in the film wasn’t very believable.这部电影中的主角不是
太可信。
character的其他含义
(地方的)特点，特性；汉字；(人、集体的)品质，性格　
·An ugly shopping center stands across from one of the few buildings with character.一座难看的购物中心对面，耸立着为数不多的别具特色的大楼之一。
·Among the great contributions of the Chinese nation to the world, Chinese character are the most outstanding.在中华民族对世界的诸多伟大贡献中，汉字是最突出的贡献。
·I didn’t know Ron had that much strength of character.我当时不知道罗恩有那么坚强的个性。
approach v. 靠近，走近
nervously approaching the table紧张地走近桌子
·When I approached, they grew silent.
当我走近时，他们就不说话了。
·As autumn approached, the plants and colours in the garden changed.秋天临近，花园中的植物和颜色也发生了变化。
·The path serves as an approach to the boat house.这条小路通往船屋。
·This is the easiest approach to (way of) solving the problem. 这是解决这个问题最容易的办法。
approach n.(待人接物或思考问题的)方式，方法，态度；(距离和时间上的) 靠近　
assume v. 假定，假设，认为
You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only because you are a lawyer.你认为我想当律师，但那只是因为你是律师。
·It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
nm assumption n. 假定；假设；承担
assuming (that)...假设(常用于句首)
It is assumed that...人们认为……
assume a leading position担任领导的职务
assume a look of surprise装出吃惊的样子
assume the right夺取权力　
ignore v. 忽视，不理
ignoring Grandfather’s words对爷爷的话不予理睬
·She ignored him and carried on with her work.她没理他，继续干她的活。
ignorant adj.(对某事物)不了解的；无知的；愚昧的；无学识的；很无礼的
ignorance n. 无知　
·I am embarrassed by my complete ignorance of history.我对历史一无所知，这让我很难堪。
·People don’t like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant.人们不喜欢问问题，害怕自己会显得很无知。
suit v. 适合；有利于
Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents.是的，而且你找到了适合你的职业。
·He can suit his conversation to whoever he’s with.无论跟谁说话，他都能说到一块儿。
·They will only release information if it suits them.他们只会发布对他们有利的信息。
suit oneself　随某人的意愿
suit sth to sth/sb 使适合(或适应)某事物(或人)
be suitable for 适合某人或某物
suitable adj. 合适的；适宜的　
·This kind of soil is not suitable for growing peanuts.这种土壤不宜种植花生。
option n. 选择，可选择的东西；选修课
If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two options for your future.如果你同时上大学和演奏音乐，你的未来将有两个选择。
·Several options are offered for the students’ senior year.(学校)为毕业班学生开设了几门选修课。
·We had no option but to abandon the meeting.
我们别无选择，只有放弃这次会面。
option/choice/selection/alternative
词语 意义
option 着重特别给予的选择权利或权力，所选物常常相互排斥。
choice 侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。
selection 指作广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏力。
alternative 指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上中进
行选择。
(be) seated ＋介词 坐在……
Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess.坐在桌旁的爷爷和爸爸正在下棋。
·He waved towards a chair, and seated himself at the desk. 他挥手指了指一把椅子，自己在书桌旁坐了下来。
·The old lady was seated in her chair at the window, a rug over her knees.老妇人坐在窗边的椅子上，膝上盖着一条厚毯子。
be/remain seated 就座
seat oneself 坐下；就座　
focus on/upon关注，聚焦于
I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.当我毕业的时候，我想专注于我的乐队和音乐事业。
·It took an extraordinary effort to focus on preparing his classes or correcting his students’ work.备课和批改学生的作业花费了他很多精力。
·Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中注意力考虑以下问题。
focus one’s attention/mind/efforts on/upon sth 集中某人的注意力/精力于某物
bring...into focus 调准……的焦点
the focus of attention 注意的焦点
the focus of the argument 议论的中心
be out of focus 焦点没对准，模糊
come into focus 成为焦点　
Oh look, here comes my boy. 哦，看，我的孩子来了。
此句为完全倒装句。 正常的语序是“Oh look, my boy comes here”。
当表示运动、方位的副词(如in, down, off, over, round, away, up, out等)或地点状语，或地点与时间副词there, here, now, then放在句首时，且谓语动词是come, go, be, follow, exist, fall, lie, remain, seem, stand等表移动或动态或状态(存在)的不及物动词，主语为名词时，句子一般用
完全倒装的形式。这种语序里，通常使用一般现在时或一般过去时。但如果主语是人称代词，则不需要倒装。例如：　
·Here you are. Away they went.你们来了。他们走了。
·Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
·There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。
Why don’t you also take my advice and think carefully before jumping in with both feet？你为什么不采纳我的建议，在积极参与之前仔细考虑一下呢？
此句主干结构为“Why don’t you also take my advice and think”，“before jumping in with both feet” 作时间状语。 jump in with both feet 意为“踊跃参加；全心全意投入”。
responsible adj. (对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的
Who’s responsible？谁负责呢？
·He must be responsible to me for this matter. 这件事他必须对我负责。
·He holds a very responsible position in the firm. 他在公司里担任一个非常重要的
职务。
responsibility n. 责任，责任感，可信赖性，职责，所负责任的事　
be responsible for ...为……负责；是造成……的原因
·Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer. 吸烟是许多人患肺癌的致
病因。
issue n. (尤指社会或政治方面的)议题；争论的问题
It aims to deepen people’s understanding of issues that are related to families.它旨在加深人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。
·Food safety is an important issue about the public health. 食品安全是关系到公众健康的重大问题。
·The growing problem is underlined in the latest issue of the magazine.最近一期的杂志中强调了这一日益严重的问题。
range n. 一系列；范围
With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local, national and international levels.由于该日每年都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际举办了各种各样的活动。
·There is a full range of activities for children.这里给孩子们提供各种活动。
·The library has ranges of books in perfect order.这个图书馆的书一排一排放得井井有条。
·The houses are sold out within this price range.在这个价位范围之内的房子已售完。
range v. (在一定范围内)变化，变动；排列，排序　
·The children’s ages range from 8 to 15.这些孩子们的年龄在8岁到15岁之间。
apologise v. 道歉
Later, on the phone she apologised and explained that she was busy with work because someone was off sick.后来，她在电话里道歉并解释说，她正忙着工作，因为有人生病请假了。
·Thank you very much for your reply and I apologise for my late reply.非常感谢你的回复，我很抱歉这么晚才给你答复。
apologise to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉
apology n. 道歉；谢罪；(因不能赴会或提前离会而)致歉
make an apology to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉
offer/make/demand/accept an apology
主动道歉；致歉；要求/接受道歉　
·I apologise to you for not contacting you in time.因为没能及时与你取得联系，我向您道歉。
kind of 稍微；有几分；有点儿
I think they are kind of cute too, right？我觉得它们也有点可爱，对吧？
·He was kind of a fool. 他有点儿傻。
kind of单独使用时，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词。若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，意为“种，种类” 后加名词。　
·That kind of question is difficult to answer.那类问题难回答。
make up for 弥补，补偿(令人不快的遭遇或损失)
To make up for it, next week we plan to go to the countryside together.为了弥补，下周我们打算一起去乡下。
·I don’t see very well, but my ears and nose make up for it！ 我的视力不是很好，但是我的耳朵和鼻子却弥补了这个缺点！
·I lack work experience, but I’m sure I can make up for it in the future.我缺乏工作经验，但我确信自己会在今后的工作中弥补这点的。
make up 和解；和好；组成；构成；编造，虚构(故事、借口等)；给……化妆；为……打扮
make up one’s mind 决定，下决心
make up of组成　
be made up of由……组成
make up with与……和解　
With a wide range
I wish she had come！我多希望她那时来了啊！(事实上那时她没来)
此句主干为“I wish (that)...”。 that 引导宾语从句时，可以省略。 此句使用了虚拟语气。
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were)；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用would/could＋have＋过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，与wish的时态无关。　
·I wish I wasn’t leaving my son.我希望我没离开我儿子。
·I wish she would try again.我希望她能再试一次。
·I wish you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
·We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
·I wished I hadn’t spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。
judge v. 认为，判断
·Schools should not be judged only on exam results.学校的好坏不能仅凭考试结果来评判。
·Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。
·The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官判他五年监禁。
judge n. 法官；审判员
judgement n. 判断力；识别力；看法；意见；评价；判决
judging from/by通过……判断(用作独立主格结构，作条件状语使用，不考虑与句子主语的逻辑关系)
settle v. 和解，结束(争论)
·It’s time you should settle your differences with your father.现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了。
settle v. (最终)决定，确定；定居　
·It’s all settled—we’re leaving on the 10 o’clock plane.一切都定下来了——我们乘10点的航班离开。
·A few birds flew in front of the yard, eventually settling on the rough painted metal.几只鸟在院子前面飞，最终落在了那块粗糙的喷漆金属上。
settle for 勉强接受，将就着
settle down 在某地定居下来
settle sb down 使某人安静下来
settle down to doing sth 静下心来认真做某事
settler n. 移居者；殖民者
settlement n. 新的定居地；协议；解决，处理　
track n. 跑道
Alistair pushed himself towards the finish line in the burning heat, but as he came round the
corner, he saw his brother about to fall onto the track.阿利斯泰尔在酷热中奋力冲向终点线，但当他转过街角时，他看到他弟弟正要倒在跑道上。
·The two men turned to watch the horses going round the track.那两个男人转身观看赛马沿赛道而行。
track n.(人踩出的)小道，小径；(人、动物或车辆留下的)足迹，踪迹；车辙；轨道
v. 跟踪；追踪；(尤指用特殊电子设备)跟踪　
·We set off once more, over a rough mountain track.我们沿着一条崎岖的山间小路再度出发。
·The only evidence of pandas was their tracks in the snow. 熊猫活动的唯一迹象是它们留在雪地上的足迹。
·The police were on the track of an escaped criminal.警方正在追踪一名逃犯。
·You become so deeply absorbed in an activity that you lose track of time.你会因过于专注某项活动而失去时间概念。
·It was not long before I tracked down the lost wallet.不久我就找到了遗失的钱包。
somehow adv. 用某种方法，不知怎的
But somehow they ended up burnt. 但不知怎么的，它们最后烧焦了。
·Somehow, he’d managed to persuade Kay to buy one for him.不知用了什么方法，他成功说服凯给他买了一个。
·She’s always comparing me to other people, and somehow I never measure up.她总是拿我跟别人相比，不知怎的，我总是不如人家。
anyway＝anyhow,一般意为“即使如此；至少；反正(转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题)”。
someway＝somehow,表示“以某种方式或途径”。
somewhat达到某种程度，表示“有点，稍微”。
however 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论如何；不管怎样”(＝no matter how)，与形容词或副词连用时，词序为：however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语。　
agree/disagree with 同意/不同意
Which do you agree with？你赞同哪一个呢？
agree/disagree均为不及物动词，后面可以跟介词with/on/to,都表示“同意”。 agree with表示“与……意见一致”，后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词，也可以跟表示意见、看法的名词或what引导的从句；agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”；agree to后面不能接人，只能接提议、计划、方案等。例如：
·Gentlemen get along with others；but do not necessarily agree with them. 君子和而不同。
·The weather does not agree with me.这种天气对我不适宜。
·A verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
·We all agree on (making) an early start.我们一致同意及早出发。
end up 结束；告终；达到；终成
In fact, we ended up laughing and ate them all.事实上，我们最后笑着把它们都吃了。
end up用作不及物动词，之后可以跟名词、形容词、现在分词、介词短语等，表示end up 的方式或伴随状语。例如：
·Somebody like you could end up a goat.(end up＋名词)像你这样的人最后可能变成替罪羊。
·If he carries on driving like that, he’ll end up dead.(end up＋形容词)他照这样开车，早晚得死于非命。
·If no one helps him he may end up being a beggar.(end up＋现在分词)如果没有人帮助他，他最终可能会成为一个乞丐。
·Without your help, the experiment will end up with failure.(end up＋介词短语)没有你的帮助，这个实验将以失败告终。
have sb doing 让某人一直做某事
Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do.在我的一生中，我总是让着我的弟弟。
1. 表达预期的目标，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
·I’ll have you speaking English in six months.我将让你在六个月内会说英语。
2. 与can’t或won’t连用，表达不可容忍的情况。
·I won’t have you saying so. 我不容许你这样说。
·We can’ t have them forcing their views on everyone else.我们不能容许他们把自己的观点强加于其他所有人。
3. 表达不愿意引起的后果。
·Don’t shout！You’ll have the neighbours complaining！别喊！你会让邻居抱怨的！
4. 表达说话人无法控制的事情。
·We have salesman calling.每天都有售货员在叫卖。
have sb do sth表示“使(让、请)某人做某事”。
have sb/sth doing sth表示“让某人(某事)一直做某事”。
have sth done表示“让某事被做”。　
· I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.昨天我的自行车修好了。
The Brownlee brothers have been doing triathlons since they were children.布朗利兄弟俩从小就一直从事铁人三项运动。
此句的主干是“The Brownlee brothers have been doing triathlons”，本句时态为现在完成进行时， since引导时间状语从句。
现在完成进行时的作用：表示动作从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在，甚至将来，强调进行的过程。其构成为：have/has been doing(一直在做某事)。　
句子的主干结构“the ending has divided opinions”。“Watched by millions”是过去分词短语作状语； 冒号后的内容是对opinions的解释说明。
时态
　　在英语中，一共有8个基本时态，分别来自三时，即过去、现在和将来，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时以及过去将来时。
一、 一般现在时
(一)概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
(二)基本用法
1. 表示现在的情况、状态或特征。
·He is a student.他是一名学生。
·I love to get together with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友们待在一起。
2. 表示经常性、习惯性动作。
·He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。
·I leave home for school at 7 o’clock every morning.我每天早晨七点钟离开家去学校。
3. 客观事实和普遍真理。
·The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4. 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
　　仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。
　　常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定时定点运行的交通工具。
·The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
·The flight takes off at 2：30 am every Wednesday and Friday.这架航班在每周三和周五的凌晨2：30起飞。
5. 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在时(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来的事情。(即：主将从现原则)
·I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.我一到机场就会给你打电话。
·If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam.如果你努力学习，你将会通过考试。
二、 一般过去时
(一)概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
(二)基本用法
1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
·I bought some fruits yesterday.我昨天买了一些水果。
·I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
2. 表示过去习惯性的动作。
·When I was a boy, I often swam in that river.当我还是个小男孩时，我经常在那条河里游泳。
·The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。
·He used to visit his mother once a week.他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。
·Mr Smith always carried an umbrella.史密斯先生过去总是带着一把伞。
三、 现在进行时
(一)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
(二)基本用法
1. 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。
·He is listening to music now.他现在正在听音乐。
·They are playing basketball now.他们现在正在打篮球。
2. 表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做。
·I am studying computer this term.这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
·We are making model planes these days.我们最近在制作飞机模型。
3. 现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。
(1)瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。
·I am leaving.我要离开了。
(2)持续动词的进行只有在含有将来的时间状语或将来语境的条件下才表将来。
·I am travelling next month.下个月我要去旅行。
4. 现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感彩。
·He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(褒义)
·He is always forgetting things.他老是忘这忘那的。(贬义)
四、 过去进行时
(一)概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(二)基本用法
1. 表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作。
·Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。
2. 表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。
·I was travelling in London last summer vacation.去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。
3. 过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
(1)瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
·Then she said she was leaving.然后她说她要离开了。
(2)持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
·She said that she was travelling the next day.她说她第二天要去旅行。
4. 过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感彩。
·She was always ringing me up when I was on business.我出差时她总是不停地给我打电话。(表示厌烦)
·She was always helping others when she lived here.她住在这里时总是乐于帮助别人。(表示褒扬)
五、 现在完成时
(一)概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
(二)基本用法
1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或者刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。
·I bought a new house, but I haven’t sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我有两所房子。
2. 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时。
·The countryside has changed a lot since the 1970s.自从20世纪70年代以来，农村发生了巨大的变化。
六、 过去完成时
(一)概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
(二)基本结构：
had＋done
·We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
·I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
七、 一般将来时
(一)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
(二)基本结构：
1. am/is/are/going to＋do
·They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。
2. will＋do
·It will rain.天要下雨了。
八、 过去将来时
(一)概念：表示从过去某一时间看的、将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
(二)基本结构：1. was/were going to＋do
·He said he was going to visit to Beijing the next day. 他说他第二天要去游览北京。
2. would＋do
·I asked who would go there. 我问谁要去那里。
　　学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。 英语学科核心素养主要包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。以下文章以欧洲父母放养孩子为切入点，培养学生的学习能力，有助于启发学生学会独立，从而适应社会生活。
主题：父母对孩子的能力培养
学科素养： 学习能力
难度系数：★★★
I’ll admit I’ve always been a protective mum. I held my son’s hand on the way to the bus stop, was picky about which companion he could go with, and when he got older, made him text when he got to his destination safely.
We tend to be “helicopter parents” in the United States, but in the Netherlands, parents adopt a different approach.
The New York Times recently wrote about a Dutch summer tradition called “dropping” in which groups of kids, typically pre-teens, are dropped off at the woods at night. To make it more challenging, the kids are sometimes blindfolded on their ride there.
“You just drop your kids into the world,” novelist Pia de Jong told The New York Times. “Of course, you make sure they are safe, but other than that, they have to find their own way.”
During a dropping, kids don’t have GPS to guide the way. Of course, it’s not that they are left helpless. In addition to often being followed by an adult, they wear high visibility vests and a team leader carries a cellphone in case of emergencies. The adventure usually takes a few hours and children use maps or compasses to show them the way.
One commentator named Lara writes about her experience as an exchange student in the Netherlands in the late 1980s while visiting a friend’s rural vacation house. “His parents blindfolded us and then dropped us off in groups of 3 or 4. We walked through farm land, country roads and some wooded areas in random patterns until things eventually started to look a bit familiar, and somehow found our way home. It was a really fun adventure and a nice little group competition and team bonding experience. At the time I took this to be a creative party game my friend’s parents arranged for us！”
When the Times story surfaced, droppings became a hot topic. Some noted that droppings were also a tradition in other countries, including Belgium. Others pointed out that the droppings they experienced weren’t nearly as scary as they sound. As Rod Sheridan from Toronto wrote,“Developing independence is important； yes, you worry about your children. However, they need it for adulthood.” Most people who took the time to comment praised the concept and offered their own criticism of helicopter parents.
在去公共汽车站的路上，我牵着儿子的手，对他能和哪个同伴一起去很挑剔，等他长大了，等他安全到达目的地时，我还会让他发短信。
《纽约时报》最近撰文报道了荷兰的一项名为“丢弃”的夏天传统。在这项传统中，一群通常是十几岁的孩子，晚上会被丢到森林里。
一位名叫劳拉的评论员讲述了她在20世纪80年代末作为交换生在荷兰访问朋友的乡村度假时的经历。
companion n.(爱好、志趣等相投的)伙伴，同伴
in addition to 另外，加之，除……之外(还)
emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
adventure n. 冒险；冒险经历；冒险的刺激
competition n. 竞争；角逐；比赛
bond v. 使牢固结合；把……紧紧地连接到
concept n. 概念；观念
criticism n. 批评；(尤指对书、音乐等的)评论文章，评论
tend to 倾向于；有助于
adopt a different approach 采用不同的方法
challenging adj. 挑战性的；考验能力的
in case of 以免
drop off 中途放下(某人)；中途卸下(某物)
arrange v. 安排；筹备
independence n. 独立；自主；自立