外研版(2019)必修第一册UNIT 2 Exploring English知识点课件（共87张PPT)

(共87张PPT)
UNIT 2　Exploring English
title n. 题目，标题
Look at the title of the passage and the pictures. Tick what you think the passage is about.看文章标题和图片。勾选你认为这篇文章是关于哪方面的。
·Neither the subject nor the title of this lecture is of my own choice.这次演讲的主题与题目都不是我自己选定的。
·He became Jamaica’s first Olympic gold medalist when he won the 400m title in 1948.他在1948年赢得400米冠军，成为牙买加第一位奥运会金牌得主。
earn the title of 赢得……的称号
hold/lose a title 保持/失去冠军，保持/失去头衔
confer a title 授予称号
·You earn the title of CEO through your actions and your results. 你通过行动和成绩赢得了执行总裁的头衔。
titled adj. 有头衔的；有爵位的；有称号的；有标题的
title v. 加标题于；授予……的称号　
·The second story in the book is titled The Scholar.书中的第二个故事题为《学者》。
opposing adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”，why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？如果“hard”的反义词是“soft”，那为什么“hardly”和“softly”不是相反的一对呢？
·The moon gravitates to the earth, but is held in its path by opposing forces from other bodies in space.月球为地球所吸引，但由于宇宙空间中其他天体相反的引力，月球保持了固定的轨道。
·I have a friend who has the opposing view and felt that the war was immoral.我有一位朋友的看法截然不同，他认为这场战争是不道德的。
oppose v. 反对(计划、政策等)；抵制；阻挠；(在竞赛中)与……对垒，与……角逐
opposite adj. 对面的；另一边的；相反的；迥然不同的
n.对立的人(或物)；对立面；反面
prep. 与……相对；在……对面；与……合演；与……联袂演出
adv.在对面　
·She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect.她试着让他平静下来，却似乎火上浇油了。
shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的
If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？如果无恶意的行为(harmless actions)的反义词是有恶意的行为(harmful actions)，那为什么无耻的行为(shameless behaviors)和可耻的行为(shameful behaviors)表达的意思是一样的呢？
·It’s shameful to apply other people’s research results without their permission.不经许可就随意应用别人的研究成果是可耻的。
shameful/shameless/ashamed
词语 意义
shameful 意为“可耻的”，修饰事物或行为时，指可耻的、不光彩的，但不可用于人，主要用于表示事物“可耻的，丢脸的”。
shameless 意为 “无耻的，厚颜无耻的”，修饰事物或行为时意为“无耻的”，修饰人时意为“厚颜无耻；不知羞耻”，主要说明人“无耻的；脸皮
厚的”。
ashamed 意为“羞耻的，惭愧的”，主要指因自己或他人的无耻、不礼貌的动作、行为而感到窘迫和羞耻，主要形容人“感到羞耻的”。常用词组：be ashamed of, be ashamed of oneself for...，be ashamed to do sth。
·What a shameful thing！But the shameless man felt no shame and no regret.多可耻的一件事啊！但那个无耻之徒却没感到羞愧和悔恨。
·We cannot stand such a shameless person being still at large. 我们无法容忍这样一个无耻之徒仍然逍遥法外。
·I feel quite ashamed that I have not fulfilled the task.我没有完成任务，感到很惭愧。
·They did not have enough money to adopt a child. It was such a shame.他们没有足够的钱去收养一个孩子。真让人惋惜。
·You have shamed your family.你使你的家庭蒙受了耻辱。
·I cried, tears springing shamelessly to my eyes.
我叫喊着，眼泪无所顾忌地夺眶而出。
shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧；羞耻心；羞愧感
v. 使羞愧(或惭愧)；使蒙受耻辱；使丢脸
shamelessly adv. 无耻地　
reflect v. 显示，反映
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.英语是人而非计算机的产物，它反映了人类的创造力。
·Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.我们的报纸旨在传达当地人民的心声。
reflect on/upon 考虑；回想
·A good movie can make us reflect on human values.一部好的电影能让我们反思人的价值观。
reflection n. 映像；映照出的影像；(声、光、热等的)反射；反映　
·She stared at her reflection in the bedroom mirror. 她注视着卧室中镜子里的自己。
·Any given culture is a reflection of the politics and economics of a given society.一定的文化是一定的社会的政治和经济的反映。
burn up 烧毁，烧尽；
burn down烧毁
You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，一栋房子burn down(烧毁)时它就burn up(烧尽)了；表格要通过fill out(填完)来实现fill in(填写)它；闹钟只有在go off(用于机器时表示停止运转)时才会被听到！
·If something burns up or if fire burns it up, it is completely destroyed by fire or strong heat. 如果某物燃烧起来，或者火把它烧起来，它就会被火或高温完全摧毁。
·Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up the fat.有氧运动加快心率，有助于消耗脂肪。
·Two houses were burnt down in the fire which broke out yesterday.在昨天发生的火灾中，两幢房子被烧毁。
burn out 燃尽，烧尽，熄灭； 耗尽体力，筋疲力尽
burn to the ground 全部焚毁；夷为平地
burn one’s boats/bridges 破釜沉舟　
·If you do not slow down and take a break, you will burn out very quickly.如果你不放慢速度歇一会儿，很快就会没劲的。
·Jack had burned his boats when he decided to start the programme. He has to continue despite the obstacles.杰克在决定启动这个项目的时候就已经是破釜沉舟了。尽管困难重重，他也得继续下去。
wind up给(机械) 上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.这就是为什么当我wind up my watch(给我的手表上发条)时，表就开始转动了，但当我wind up this passage(结束这篇文章)时，文章就到此结束了。
·She wound up the toy train and let it run across the room.她上紧了玩具火车的发条，让它在房间里跑。
·Let’s wind up the meeting；it’s getting late.咱们散会吧，天不早了。
Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.在pineapple(菠萝)中既没有pine(松木)也没有apple(苹果)。
此句也可以这样表达：“There is neither pine nor apple in pineapple.”。 neither ...
nor...可以连接两个并列成分，neither... nor...连接非主语的并列成分位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
1.用连词either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。
2.上句话提到的情况同样适合下文的人或物，为了避免和上文的内容重复，英语习惯用so, neither/nor引导的倒装句。so引导的倒装句表示肯定，neither/nor引导的倒装句表示否定，其时态与前一句时态保持一致，上下文陈述的不是同一人或事物。　
·Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.学生和老师都不知道这事。
·—Sam can’t see the paintings clearly from here.
——山姆从这儿看不清那些画。
—Neither/Nor can I.(＝I can’t see the paintings clearly from here, either.)
——我从这儿也看不清(那些画)。
That’s why＋句子(强调事情的结果)
That’s because＋句子(强调事情的原因)
我们要表达“她没有考过的原因是没有复习”，可分别译为：
That’s why she didn’t pass the exam.(这时的that就指“她没有复习”)
That’s because she didn’t review.(这时的that就指“她没有考过”)
也可译为：
The reason why she didn’t pass the exam is that she didn’t review.　
in whicha house
contact v. & n. 联系，联络
a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen 一个利用传统方式亲笔写信联系的朋友
·You must leave your full name and contact details when you phone.打电话时须留下全名与联络信息。
·This morning he had tried every way possible to contact her.他今天早晨已想尽办法与她联系。
switch contact开关触头
breaking-off contact断开触头
establish contact with 与……建立联系
be in contact with 与……接触，有联系
make contact with 与……联系
get in contact with 与……取得联系
keep in contact with与……保持联系
lose contact with 与……失去联系
be out of contact with 与……失去联系
·We had already established contact with the museum.我们已经和那家博物馆建立了联系。
·Have the children been in contact with the disease？孩子们同这种疾病有过接触吗？
·Then, after she had become famous, he tried to make contact with her.后来，她出名后，他曾试图与她联系。
·Parents are encouraged to keep in contact with school bus monitors in case buses are late. 如果校车晚到，家长们可与校车保育员联系。
likely adj. 可能的，可能发生的 adv. 大概，很可能
unlike, dislike, likeness, likely, liking, unlikely不喜欢，讨厌，喜欢，可能地，喜欢，不可能地
·It’s likely someone gave her a lift, or else that she took a taxi.可能有人开车捎了她一程，要不就是她打了辆出租车。
·They’ll very likely ask for an increase in the budget.他们很可能会要求增加预算。
·I’ve heard whispers that the firm is likely to go bankrupt.我听到传闻说这家公司很可能要破产。
It is (very) likely ＋ that从句：(很)可能……；……(很)可能
it 是形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语。
·He’s very likely to ring me tonight.
＝It’s very likely that he’ll ring me tonight.他很可能今晚会给我打电话。
come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见；给人以……的印象
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.当你打开词典时，会经常碰到大量不熟悉的单词。
·If you’ve come across any other data or sources, please let me know. 如果你见到其他任何的数据或资料，请联系我。
·I came across a group of children playing.我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。
·He came across as prince charming. Well, it turned out prince charming had a lot of secrets that he didn’t tell me about.他之前给我的印象就是白马王子。但是，原来这个白马王子没有告诉我他有很多秘密。
run into/across 偶遇　　bump into 偶遇
meet遇见，会面(普通用词，指偶然相遇或在事先约好的地方与某人见面，不用于被动语态)
encounter v. 遭遇(尤指遇到困难、问题或他人的反对)； [正式]偶然碰到　
be short for 是……的简称；是……的缩写
“World Trade Organization” can be referred to as WTO, and ASAP is short for “as soon as possible”. “World Trade Organization”可以被称为WTO, ASAP 是“as soon as possible”的缩写形式。
·My name is James, but Jim is short for James.我的名字叫詹姆斯，但吉姆是詹姆斯的简称。
·UN is short for the United Nations.UN是联合国的缩写。
be short of sth 缺少某物，同义短语是lack sth
for short简称，缩写
be short with简单粗暴的，简慢无礼的　
·The boy is short of courage.这个男孩缺少勇气。
·He was short with me this morning. 他今天早上对我无礼。
此句的主干结构：Words are called compounds。 formed by combining other words为过去分词短语作后置定语。 其他部分为举例说明。
此句是But连接转折语义的两个句子。前者主干是It’s not as confusing as it seems；冒号后面为强调和解释说明。后者句子主干是that doesn’t stop them having a friendly argument；介词短语about which word is the “right” one修饰名词argument,which引导宾语从句。
remind v. 提醒；使……想起
Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world！这里有一些我们最喜欢的(回复)，提醒我们在教室里学的一些英语和外面世界的英语有很大的
不同！
·He reminded me that I would answer the letter as early as possible.他提醒我尽早
回信。
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事； 使某人想起某事
·He reminds me to attend the lecture in time this evening.他提醒我今天晚上按时去听演讲。
·This photo reminds me of my childhood.这张照片使我想起了我的童年。
reminder n. 引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物；(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信　
·It was a great reminder that treating people with respect can lift all of us up.这很好地提醒了我们，对他人的尊重可以鼓舞所有人。
wicked adj. 缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的
He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”.他告诉我他祖父“真的
很坏”。
·He’s the last person I’ll like. He’s so mean and wicked.他是我最不喜欢的人。他又卑鄙又邪恶。
intend v. 计划，打算
morally wrong and intending to hurt people道德败坏和故意伤人
·It’s only fair to let her know that you intend to apply.告诉她你打算申请，这才算公平嘛。
intend doing/to do sth打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth/intended to have done sth 原本打算做某事
be intended for... 专为……而设计；专供……使用
be intended to do sth专为做某事而设计的；旨在做某事
It is intended＋that 从句　企图，意图是
·Above all, we intend to campaign for the universal adoption of sustainable and equitable lifestyles.最重要的是，我们打算为可持续和平等的生活方式的普及进行宣传。
·They intend you to start work next week. 他们打算让你下周开始工作。
·This book is intended for the general reader rather than the student.这本书面向一般读者而非学生。
·His visit is intended to strengthen ties between the two countries.他此次访问旨在增进两国间的关系。
·It is intended that production will start at the end of the month.计划月底将开始生产。
intention n. 意图； 意向； 目的　
recognise v. 认识，辨认出；承认；认可
recognise differences between American English and British English认识美式英语和英式英语的差异
·A man I easily recognised as Luke’s father sat with a newspaper on his lap.我一眼就认出那人是卢克的父亲，他坐在那里，腿上放着一份报纸。
recognise ...as...认为……是……
recognise sb/sth by sth通过某事物认出某人/某物
·The court recognised him as the legal owner of the property.法院认定他为该财产的合法所有人。
·I recognised her by her voice on the phone.我通过电话里的声音认出了她。
recognition n. 认出；认识；识别；承认；认可
beyond recognition＝out of all recognition 面目全非；认不出来；无法辨认　
·The city has been built up really fast；it’s changed beyond recognition.这座城市建设极快，如今已看不出原来的面貌。
be base on/upon 基于
write a story based on given pictures
根据所给的图片写一个故事
·The menu is based on classic French cooking.菜单是以经典法国菜为主。
base ... on/upon... 以……为基础；以……为根据
be based in 总部位于……
at the base of 在……的底部　
·Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment.爱迪生的想法是建立在科学实验的基础上的。
·The Cultural Art and Creative Youth Centre is based in Kampala.青少年文化艺术和创意中心位于乌干达的坎帕拉。
·We live at the base of the atmosphere.我们生活在大气的底部。
be/become aware of 意识到，察觉到
be aware of cultural differences注意文化差异
·As I waited, I became aware of something happening in the house.我在等待的时候，感觉到房子里发生了什么事。
be aware that ...知道……；觉察到……
be unaware of 不知道，未觉察到……
be unaware that ...不知道……；未觉察到……
raise/increase awareness of 提高对……的意识　
·We must be clearly aware that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems in our work. 我们必须清醒地认识到，工作中还有不少困难和问题。
·You seem to be unaware of how urgent the situation is.你好像没有意识到形势是多么急迫。
·An artist has come up with a cool idea to raise awareness of global warming.一位艺术家为唤起大家对全球变暖的关注，萌生了一个很酷的想法。
此句的主干结构为People say that...。 that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中包含一个what引导的宾语从句。 play safe 意为“谨慎行事；避免冒险”。People say that意为“据说”。
“据说”的其他表达：
it is said that； sb/sth is said；rumour has it that...
此句也可以这样表达：
It is said that the British always play safe with what they eat.
The British is said to always play safe with what they eat.　
构词法
一、 转化法
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
名词转化为动词 water(n.)水→water(v.)浇水
book(n.)书→book(v.)预订
X-ray(n.)光线→X-ray(v.)透视
handle(n.)柄，把手→handle(v.)处理，对付
形容词转化为动词 cool(adj.)凉爽的→cool(v.)使冷却
better(adj.)较好的→better(v.)改善
calm(adj.)镇定的→calm(v.)使镇定
动词转化为名词 take a walk,have a look,have a try,pay a visit
形容词转化为名词 good(adj.)好的→good(n.)益处
native(adj.)本地的→native(n.)本地人
情态动词转化为名词 will(情态动词)将，要，会→will(n.)意志，决心，遗嘱
must(情态动词)必须→must(n.)必不可少的事情
need(情态动词)必需，需要→need(n.)必要
代词转化为名词 nobody(pron.)没有人→nobody(n.)无足轻重的人，小人物
she(pron.)她→she(n.)女，雌
二、 合成法
(一)合成名词
1. 名词/代词＋名词
newspaper, blood-test, she-wolf
2. 动词＋名词
typewriter, pickpocket
3. 形容词＋名词
greenhouse, highway
4. 副词＋名词
overcoat, outside
5. 名词＋v.-ing/v.-ing＋名词
handwriting, reading-room, freezing-point
6. 动词＋副词/副词＋动词
breakthrough, get-together, outbreak, outcome
7. 名词＋介词＋名词
sister-in-law, editor-in-chief
(二)合成形容词
1. 名词＋形容词/形容词＋名词
world-famous, duty-free, large-scale, long-term
2. 副词＋形容词
over-anxious, evergreen
3. 名词＋过去分词
man-made, sun-burnt
4. 名词＋现在分词
peace-loving, English-speaking
5. 形容词＋现在分词
good-looking, easy-going
6. 副词＋过去分词
well-informed, widespread
7. 副词＋现在分词
hardworking, far-reaching
8. 形容词＋名词＋-ed
warm-hearted, absent-minded
9. 数词＋名词＋-ed
three-legged, ten-storied
10. 数词＋名词
one-way, five-star
11. 数词＋名词＋形容词
ten-year-old,800-meter-long
12. 名词＋to＋名词
face-to-face, door-to-door
(三)合成动词
1. 名词＋动词
baby-sit, sleepwalk
副词＋动词
outnumber, underestimate, overwork
2. 形容词＋动词
Whitewash
(四)合成副词
1. 形容词＋名词
meanwhile, anyway
2. 形容词＋副词
everywhere, anyhow
3. 副词＋副词
however
4. 介词＋名词
beforehand, overhead
5. 介词＋副词
Forever
(五)合成代词
1. 代词宾格＋self/selves
herself, themselves
2. 物主代词＋self/selves
myself, yourselves
3. 形容词＋名词
something, everything
(六)合成介词
1. 副词＋名词
inside, outside
2. 介词＋副词
without, within
3. 副词＋介词
Into
三、 派生法
派生又名词缀构词法，是指在词根或单词的前后加上词缀来改变单词的意思或(和)词性。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix)，前缀一般会改变单词的意思，但也有改变单词词性的，如：en-(enable, enrich, enlarge)，a-(asleep, awake, alive, alike, across)。加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)，后缀一般会改变单词的词性，但也有改变单词词性的，如：-less(homeless, careless, hopeless)。
没有相关性的词类转换一般看作一词多义的兼类词，例如：patient(耐心的→病人)，kind(好心的→种类)。
(一)前缀
除少数前缀外，一般来说，前缀会改变单词的意义，但不会改变单词的词性。
1. 表示否定意义的前缀
un-：unhappy, unfinished, undress
dis-：disagree, disbelieve
in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)]： inaccurate, imbalance, impolite, illegal, irregular
mis-：misbehave, mislead, mistake
non-：nonstop, nonsmoker
2. 表示其他意义的前缀
en-(使……)： enrich, enlarge, encourage
inter-(相互)： international, intercontinental
re-(再，又，重)： rethink, retell, recycle
tele-(远程的)：telescope, telephone, telegraph
auto-(自动的)：automatic, automobile
co-(共同)：coworker, cooperate, coexist
anti-(反对，抵抗)：antiwar, antifreeze, antinuclear
multi-(多)：multistory, multicultural, multicolor
bi-(双，二)：bicycle, bilingual, bilateral
micro-(极小的，微小的)： microwave,
microcomputer
over-(太多，过分)：overwork, overdo, overestimate
self-(自己，本身)： self-centered, self-confident, self-control
under-(在……下面，……下的，不足的)：underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
(二)后缀
1. 形容词后缀
-able(可……的，具有……的)：
acceptable, drinkable, knowledgeable, reasonable
-al(与……有关的)：
physical, magical, political
-an(属于某地方的人)：
American, African
-ern(方向)：
southern, northern, eastern
-ful/less(没/有……的)：
helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish(如……的；有……特征的)：
foolish, childish, selfish
-ive(有……倾向的)：
active, attractive, expensive
-en(由……制成的)：
golden, wooden, woolen
-ous(有性质的)：
famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly(有……性质的)：friendly, yearly, daily
-y(构成形容词)：noisy, dusty, cloudy
2. 名词后缀
-er/or(表人或用具)：
farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese(某国人的)：Chinese, Japanese
-ian(某国，某地人；精通……的人)：
musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist(某种主义或职业者)：
physicist, scientist, communist, socialist
-ess(表女性，雌性)：
hostess, actress, princess
-ment(行为或状态)：
government, movement, achievement
-ness(性质，状态)：
illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion(动作，过程，结果)：
invention, organization, translation
-ance/ence(抽象；行为，性质，状态)：
importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th(性质，情况)：
depth, warmth, truth
-ful(满的)：
handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility(抽象，性质，状态)：
possibility, disability, reliability
-al(过程，状态)：
survival, arrival, approval
-y(性质，情况)：
modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom(处于……状态；性质)：
freedom, boredom
-age(状态，行为，身份及其结果)：
courage, storage, marriage
3. 动词后缀
-fy/ify(使得；变得)：
simplify, beautify, purify
-en(使成为；变得)：
shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize/-ise(使成为)：
apologise, realise, specialize
4. 副词后缀
-ly(方式，程度)：
freely, truly, angrily
-ward(s)(向……)：
towards, forward, upwards
5. 数词后缀
-teen(十几)：
fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty(整十位数)：
forty, fifty, sixty
-th (序数词)：
twelfth, twentieth
四、 缩略法
将单词缩写、词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法称为缩略法，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
(一)截头
telephone→phone, airplane→plane
(二)去尾
mathematics→math, examination→exam, kilogram→kilo, laboratory→lab, taxical→taxi
(三)截头去尾
influenza→flu, refrigerator→fridge
(四)首字母缩略法
TOEFL—Test of English as a foreign language托福
IELTS—International English Language Testing System雅思
XL—extra large特大号
UFO—unidentified flying objects不明飞行物
UNESCO—United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization联合国教科文组织
五、 混合法
英语构词还可以将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词，前半部分表属性，后半部分表主体。这样的英语构词法是混合法。
basket ball→basketball篮球
breakfast lunch→brunch早午餐
electronic mail→email电子邮件
fruit juice→fruice果汁饮料
helicopter airport→heliport直升机场
ipod broadcast→podcast播客
medical care→medicare医疗保障方案
web camera→webcam网络摄像头
motor hotel→motel汽车旅馆
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
photo graph→photograph摄影
smoke fog→smog烟雾
tele vision→television电视
telephone pathy→telepathy心灵感应
television broadcast→telecast电视广播
学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。 英语学科核心素养主要包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。以下文章以语言是人类最重要的交际工具，是人们进行沟通的主要表达方式；语言是人们交流思想的媒介为切入点，培养学生的文化意识，有助于增强学生热爱自己的文化和了解美式英语和英式英语的意识。
主题：英式英语与美式英语
学科素养：文化意识
难度系数：★★★
While people in both the UK and the US speak English, the two types of English can be very different.
First, there are differences in spelling. The British like the letter “u” and have kept it in many words. Americans have dropped it. Somewhere in our language history, we decided that “labor” “color” and “favorite” were just fine without the “u” next to the “o”.
But our differences go beyond spelling. Sometimes, we use different words entirely.
Here, we live in apartments with elevators. Over there, they live in flats with lifts.
We put diapers on our babies and push them in strollers. The British love their babies just as much as we do, but they use nappies and prams instead.
We power our cars with gas. They use petrol. And, if we need to look in our car’s dark trunk for something, we use a flashlight. They would use a torch to search their dark boot. Then there are idioms. Some British and American idioms have the same meaning, but use different words. For example, in the US if you want to add your opinion to a conversation, you put in your two cents. In the UK, they put in their tuppence (or two pence) worth. Makes sense. They have pence and we don’t.
Another example is the idiom about discussing the same issue again and again, especially if it cannot be resolved. We say, “Don’t beat a dead horse！” The British, on the other hand, advise against flogging one. And, if you are keeping secrets in the United States, you have skeletons in the closet. In Great Britain, your skeletons would be hiding in a cupboard. But the real fun begins when we start exploring idioms and expressions that are unique to each country.
Let’s start with “Bob’s your uncle.” To an American ear, that is a weird expression. And it has nothing to do with any relative you may or may not have named Bob. It is just a way to finish a set of simple instructions.
What is the equivalent—the different but equal saying—in the US？ Americans might say, “And there you have it！” Or sometimes, more dramatic people will say, “Ta-da！” For example, imagine you are explaining to someone how to use your new fancy, coffee maker. You explain, “First, you grind the beans. Then you put them in the side container and pour water in the main container. Push the button and ten minutes later—ta-da！—you have a pot of coffee！”
Now, we don’t expect you to pick sides. Both American and British English have their strong points. But thanks for listening to Words and Their Stories, a program that teaches American English.
虽然英国人和美国人都说英语，但这两种类型的英语可能非常不同。
但真正的乐趣始于我们开始探索每个国家独有的习语和表达方式。
drop v. 投，丢；放弃
petrol n. 汽油
flashlight n. 手电筒
search v. 搜寻；探求
next to 紧邻；在……近旁； 仅次于
go beyond 超出；超载
add one’s opinion to 把某人的观点加到……上
put in two cents 发表个人意见，发言
make sense 讲得通；有意义
pick side 选择阵营