外研版高中英语必修第一册UNIT 4 Friends Forever 课件（共58张）

(共58张PPT)
UNIT 4　Friends Forever
deliver v. 递送，传送
What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered？如果从远方的朋友那里得到消息的唯一方法是写信，而且要花很长时间才送来，那该怎么办呢？
·The mailman delivers letters and parcels every morning. 邮差每天早晨递送信件和包裹。
deliver 其他含义：发表；承载；移交，接生
delivery n. 传送；递送；交付；分娩；演讲方式；表演风格　
·He delivered a long speech.他发表了一场很长的演讲。
·They delivered the thief over to the police.他们把小偷移交警察局了。
·The doctor delivered her of a baby.这医生为她接生了一个婴儿。
maintain v. 维持，保持
Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.社交媒体工具让我们看到我们朋友的状况并保持友谊。
·The zoo is large and difficult to maintain.动物园很大，难以养护。
·He has maintained that the money was donated for international purposes.他坚称这笔捐款将用于国际用途。
·Even if we cannot agree, we should maintain our contact. 即使我们不能达成一致(意见)，我们也应该保持联系。
maintain/conserve/preserve
单词 意义
maintain 指经常维修机器、建筑物等，使其保持良好状态。
conserve 较正式用词，通常指保护自然资源使其不发生改变或破坏。
preserve 指将某物完好地保存，通常用被动语态。
enable v. 使可能，使发生
The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.数字时代还使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人，例如收集汽车模型或演奏一种不寻常的乐器。
·The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds.这种软件使你在几秒钟内便可访问互联网。
·The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.新的检验应该能够使医生们在早期发现这种疾病。
·Some measures will be taken to make the best use of natural conditions to enable wildlife resources to develop. 要采取一些措施来充分利用自然条件，使野生资源得到开发。
tend v. 易于做某事，往往会发生某事
On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只发布让自己看起来快乐、友好的积极的更新。
·Weeds tend to displace other plants.杂草越来越多，有取代其他植物之势。
·We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.忙中难免出错。
acquire v.获得，得到
Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.虽然科技改变了我们获得朋友的方式，但友谊的意义和我们对朋友的渴望本质还是一样的。
·He has acquired a good knowledge of English.他英语已经学得很好了。
·The Journey to the West tells how the Tang Monk went to the Western Heaven to acquire scriptures.《西游记》讲述了唐僧前往西天取经的故事。
·We acquire advanced technology to make our products compete successfully on the international market. 我们需要先进的技术来使我们的产品在国际市场上有竞争力。
acquired adj. 后天习得的
an acquired taste后天培养的口味
acquirement n.学得，学到；(常作复数)学得的东西(如技艺、技能)　
prove v. 证明，证实
To prove that making friends was easier in the past. 为了证明在过去交朋友更容易。
·This further proved the strength of our economy. 这进一步证明了我们的经济实力。
·He has proved himself a success.他已证明了自己是个成功者。
·Galileo proved that the Earth and all other planets move around the Sun. 伽利略证实了地球和所有其他的行星都是绕太阳运转的。
prove作“证明是；结果是；事实说明”讲时，用作连系动词，可用于以下结构：
(prove＋形容词)(prove＋名词)(prove＋介词短语)(prove＋动词不定式)
·The handbook proved most useful.这本手册证明了是最有用的。
·She proved a very strict teacher.结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师。
·The power station was completed and proved up to standard.这座发电站建成了，证明质量符合标准。
·As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。
lose track of 不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态
How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends？如果搬到一个新城镇意味着你不了解朋友们的状况，你会有什么感觉呢？
·His mind would wander, and he would lose track of what he was doing.他会走神，忘了自己正在干什么。
keep track of了解……的情况(动态)；跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息
track down追踪到；追查到；搜寻到
track and field田径运动
track record (个人或组织的)业绩记录
track suit田径服；运动服　
·I use a small notebook to keep track of all the new sentences I learn.我用一个小笔记本记录我所学到的所有新句子。
·I’ve been trying to track down the book I lost last year.我一直在寻找我去年丢的那本书。
who also
as有时作关系代词，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，as会用于固定搭配，像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。　
patience n. 耐心
two drops of patience 两滴耐心
·People have lost patience with the slow pace of reform.人们对改革的缓慢速度已失去耐心。
·It takes time and patience to photograph wildlife.拍摄野生动物要肯花时间和有
耐心。
with patience 耐心地；有耐心；有耐心地
be/run out of patience with 对……失去耐心
·I was out of patience with his carelessness.
我对他的粗心大意简直无法容忍。
patient adj. 有耐心的；能忍耐的
n. 接受治疗者，(尤指医院里的)病人
impatient adj. 不耐烦的；没有耐心的；急于
patiently adv. 耐心地；憨厚地　
anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的
the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry不着急、不生气地等待的能力
·The girl was anxious for me to unwrap the other gifts.小姑娘急切地等我打开其他
礼物。
·I knew he was pushing himself to the limit and felt rather anxious.我知道他正把自己逼到极限，而且感觉非常焦虑。
·I was anxious about the children when they didn’t come back home from school.孩子们放学后没有回家，我非常担心。
anxiously adv. 焦急地；忧虑地
anxiety n.焦虑　
·When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously. 妈妈看到周凯没穿夹克就向前门走去，担心地盯着他。
·Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety.有些住院病人十分焦虑
不安。
postpone v. 使(事件、行动等)延期，推迟
Andy and Clara thought about postponing their trip.安迪和克拉拉考虑推迟他们的
旅行。
·It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital.推迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。
·Something unexpected happened, so I have to postpone my departure.出现了意外，所以我的出行日期不得不推迟了。
distance v. 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系n.距离；间距
or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion： I was wondering whether...
或者用过去时使你自己与这个建议保持距离：我想知道……
·When he retired, he tried to distance himself from politics. 退休后，他便尽量使自己置身于政治之外。
·The author distanced himself from some of the comments in his book.作者在他的书里对某些评论淡然处之。
·The beach is within walking distance of my house. 海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。
·The distance between fashion and art remains as great as ever.时尚与艺术之间的差别之大依然如故。
distance learning 远程学习
in the distance 在远方
keep...at a distance与……保持距离；对……疏远
be perfect for 适合
Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone whose weekends need some excitement. Walk and Talk对那些周末需要一些兴奋的人来说是最适合的。
·Once inside, I found that the flat would be perfect for my life in the city.一到里面，我就发现这套公寓对我在这座城市的生活再适合不过了。
·I have every confidence in her. She’ll be perfect for the job.我对她信心十足。她做这项工作完全适合。
This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice. For example, you can begin with expressions such as Why don’t we...？How about...？ or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion： I was wondering whether...这让其他人明白，你给了他们一个选择。例如，你可以从这样的表达开始，比如“为什么不……？”“不如……？”或者用过去时来与建议保持距离：“我想知道……”。
此句的主干结构为“This makes it clear to the other person”。 it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。
correspond v. 通信；相一致，符合
“Well, yes, for a time we corresponded,” said the other. “嗯，是的，有一段时间我们通信了，”另一个(警察)说。
·She still corresponds with Chinese friends she met in Shanghai nine years ago.
她仍与9年前在上海结识的中国朋友们通信。
·These goods don’t correspond with/to the list of those I ordered.这些货物与我订购的不相符。
·Your account of events does not correspond with hers.你对事情的陈述与她说的不
相符。
correspondence n. 来往信件；往来书信；通信；通信联系；相关；相似　
strike v. 划(火柴)；撞；碰；撞击；碰撞；打；击；击打；罢工n. 罢工
When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.当你划火柴点燃雪茄时，我看到那张芝加哥通缉犯的面容。
·The matches were damp and he couldn’t make them strike.火柴受潮了，他划不着。
·The clock has just struck twelve.十二点的钟声刚刚响过。
·What struck us most was the great number of bicycles on the street.给我们印象最深的就是街上的自行车非常多。
·Visitors to Hangzhou are usually struck by the beautiful scenery.到杭州的游客常被那里的美景迷住。
·Workers often strike in that country.那个国家的工人经常罢工。
strike at 朝……打击
strike against撞……
strike sb on the head打某人的头
go on strike举行罢工
have sth done 完成某事
We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.我们当时想，二十年后，不管将来的命运如何，我们每个人命运和财富已经注定。
·I had (＝got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门刷了油漆。
·I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被(风)吹掉了。
have/get sth done中宾语sth后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。 可表示4种不同的语法意义：
1. (主语)完成某事(可能参与)。
2. (主语)请/派别人完成某事。
3. (主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。
4. 用于否定句中，表示“不允许；不让”。　
·We must have (＝got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完成此项工作。
·I had (＝got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了我的牙。
·I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.
从公共汽车上下来时，我的腿摔断了。
·I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。
long for 渴望
“Was he ashamed of having a friend like me？” Bob longed for an answer.“他为有像我这样的朋友感到羞耻吗？”鲍勃渴望得到一个答案。
·Senior citizens long for a more predictable and secure future.老年人渴望有一个更可预见、更稳定的未来。
·The children are longing for the holidays.孩子们盼望着假期。
turn around (使)翻身；转身；扭转
“Yes.” He turned around and was surprised to find a familiar-looking man in his thirties.“是的。”他转过身，惊讶地发现一个面熟的三十多岁的男人。
·Sit still and don’t turn around.坐着别动，不要转过身来。
·I feel that if I say how tired I get, David will turn around and say, “I told you so.”我感觉如果我说自己有多累，戴维就会转过身说：“我早就告诉过你了。”
·If you are a good listener, chances are the person will turn around and ask you questions. 如果你是一个好的倾听者，大家围着你的机会就来了，他们会问你问题。
turn off关掉，截断；拐弯，转入另一条路
turn into 变成；进入
turn on打开，发动
turn out生产；结果是；关掉；赶走
turn over移交给；翻阅；把……翻过来；发动；营业额达到；反复考虑
turn left 向左转
turn right 向右转
turn in上交；交还；向内拐；告发；[口]上床睡觉
turn back往回走；阻挡；翻回到
turn up出现；发生；开大；发现；卷起；调高音量
turn down拒绝；关小　
此句是and 连接的并列句。 前半部分的主干是I came。 后半部分的主干是it’s worth it, 第二个it指代前半部分提过的内容，if引导的是条件状语从句。
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、 定语从句的概念
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫作嵌入句。因从句充当形容词作定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词(在主句中)后。
二、 关系代词的用法
关系代词主要有 that, who, whom, whose, which等。 其中who, whom 只用于指人，which只用于指物，whose和 that既可用于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(一)关系词的选择
选择关系词可考虑以下两点：
1. 先看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人还是指物(如指物时不能用who或whom, 指人时不用which等)。
2. 后看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是作什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose)。
先行词 在从句的成分 关系代词 例句
指人 主语 who, that I love singers who/that sing words clearly.
宾语 who, whom, that Our parents are the people (who/whom/that) we need love forever.
定语 whose This is Li Hua whose father is an actor.
指物 主语 which, that I love the books which/that
were written by Lu Xun.
宾语 which, that The song (which/that) she sings is very popular now.
定语 whose I prefer houses whose windows open to the park.
(二)两组关系词的用法区别
1. that 与 which的用法区别：两者都可指物，有时可互换。下列情况通常用that。
(1)当先行词是much, little, none, all, few, every(thing)，any(thing)，no(thing)等不定代词或受其修饰时。
·[All/Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。
(2)当先行词受the very, the only, the same 等修饰时。
·This is [the only] example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
·Those are [the very] words that he used. 那是他的原话。
(3)当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时。
·This is [the best] dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
·[The first] thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是制订计划。
(4)当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时。
·China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的样子了。
(5)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
·They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
(6)当要避免重复时。
·Which is the course that we are to take？我们选哪门课程？
2. that与who的用法区别
(1)两者均可指人，有时可互换。
·All that/who heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
·Have you met anybody that/who has been to Paris？你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗？
·He is the only one among us that/who knows Russian. 他是我们中间唯一懂俄语
的人。
(2)但是在下列情况，通常要用 that。
①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
·I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。
②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)。
·Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion？有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢？
③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)。
·Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。
　　学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。 英语学科核心素养主要包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。下文是欧·亨利的小说《最后一片叶子》的简介，旨在培养学生欣赏英文原著的习惯，珍爱友谊，同时有助于学生提高语言运用能力。
主题： 名著
学科素养： 思维品质
难度系数： ★★★
The Last Leaf
—by O. Henry
This novel is a story between two young painters in a Washington slum, Sue and Johnsy, and their neighbour, Behrman.
A young girl by the name of Johnsy has fallen ill and is dying of pneumonia. She watches the leaves fall from a vine outside the window of her room, and decides that when the last leaf drops, she too will “drop” and die. While Sue tries to tell her to stop thinking like that, Johnsy is determined to die when the last leaf falls.
An old French man, named Behrman, is an artist (and a very bad one, too) who lives nearby and is Sue’s tutor, and who has been claiming that he will paint a masterpiece, even though he has never even attempted to start. Sue goes to him, and tells him that her sister is dying of pneumonia, and that Johnsy claims that when the last leaf falls off from a vine outside her window, she will die. Behrman scoffs at this as foolishness, but decides to see Johnsy and the vine.
In the night, a very bad storm comes and wind is howling and rain is dropping against the window. Sue closes the curtains and tells Johnsy to go to sleep, even though there were still four leaves left on the vine. Johnsy protests but Sue insists on doing so because she doesn’t want Johnsy to see the last leaf fall. In the morning, Johnsy wants to see the vine, to be sure that all the leaves are gone, but to their surprise, there is still one leaf left.
While Johnsy is surprised that it is still there, she insists it will fall that day. But it doesn’t, nor does it fall through the night nor the next day. Johnsy believes that the leaf stayed there to show how wicked she was, and that she sinned in wanting to die. She regains her will to live, and makes a full recovery throughout the day.
In the afternoon, a doctor comes and talks to Sue. The doctor says that Mr Behrman had died of pneumonia an hour ago, and that he was ill only 2 days. A janitor had found him helpless with pain, and his shoes and clothing were wet and icy cold. The janitor couldn’t figure out where he had been on that stormy night, though she had found a lantern that was still lit, a ladder that had been moved, some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colours mixed on it.
Here is the ending to the story：
Later that day, Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, and put one arm around her.
“I have something to tell you, white mouse,” she said. “Mr Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital. He was sick only two days. They found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were completely wet and icy cold. They could not imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.
And then they found a lantern, still lighted. And they found a ladder that had been moved from its place. And art supplies and a painting board with green and yellow colours mixed on it.
And look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn’t you wonder why it never moved when the wind blew？Ah, darling, it is Behrman’s masterpiece—he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.”
一位名叫贝尔曼的法国老人是一位住在附近的艺术家(也是一位非常糟糕的艺术家)，也是苏的导师，他一直声称自己会画一幅杰作，尽管他甚至从未尝试过开始。
约翰西相信最后的一片叶子留在那里证明她是多么坏，想死是有罪过的。
看门人搞不清在那暴风雨之夜他去了哪里，不过她发现了一盏仍然亮着的灯笼，一个被移动的梯子，一些零散的刷子，还有一个绿黄相间的调色板。
pneumonia n. 肺炎
determined adj. 坚定的；坚决的
curtain n. 窗帘
wicked adj.邪恶的；有害的；强大的
lantern n. 灯笼
protest v.(公开)反对；抗议；坚决地表示
claim v. 宣称；声称；断言
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
recovery n. 恢复(健康)
figure out 弄清楚；搞明白
fall off 飘落
insist on 坚持