外研版高中英语必修第一册UNIT 6 At one with nature课件（共62张）

(共62张PPT)
UNIT 6　At one with nature
wrap v. 包，裹n.包裹(或包装)材料
Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun.想象一下，银装素裹的群山，在春天的阳光下闪闪发光。
·She spent the evening wrapping up the birthday present. 她花了一个晚上的时间把生日礼物包了起来。
·A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。
be wrapped up in sb/sth 专心致志于；全神贯注于；完全沉浸于
wrap up (用纸、布等)包，裹；穿得暖和；圆满结束(工作、协议等)
·I’d like to quickly wrap up this meeting, so we can go home. 我想赶紧把这个会议结束，那我们就可以回家了。
·She was so wrapped up in her work that she didn’t realise how late it was.她只顾埋头工作，没意识到天已经很晚了。
design v. 设计 n. 设计；构思；布局
The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.这些梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。
·He has designed all the scenes and costumes. 他设计了全部布景和服装。
·They drew up the design for the house in a week.他们在一周内就画出了房子的图样。
·The building is poor in design. 这栋房子设计很差。
by design 故意地
be designed for 专为……设计
·Do you think they did this by design？你认为他们这么做是故意地吗？
·This piece of land is designed for a garden. 这块地被设计成花园。
designer n. 设计师adj.名牌的，品牌的　
harm v. 伤害，损害n.伤害，损害
These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. 这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些以昆虫为食，这些昆虫会危害水稻作物。
·Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machines.一些行业的工人的听力被机器的噪声损伤了。
·The accident could have been much worse；luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多；所幸没有造成伤害。
do harm to 加害，损害
·If you keep doing that, it will do harm to your health.你要是继续这样，会对你的身体有害的。
harmful adj.(尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的
harmless adj. 无害的；不会导致损伤的
be harmful to 对……有害　
prevent ... from... 防止；阻止；预防
The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent
the soil from being washed away.平坦的梯田收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
·They cut down some trees to knock down the fire and prevent it from spreading further.他们砍倒了一些树以控制火势，使火不再蔓延下去。
·They recognised the possibility and took steps to prevent it from happening. 他们意识了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。
同义短语：
stop ...from doing sth
keep ... from doing sth　
pass down 使世代相传；流传
This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.这些知识通过家庭传承下来，这意味着新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维护梯田。
·In the history of education, humans made a special effort to pass down its valuable traditions.从世界教育史上看，人类从古代到近代都非常注重传统文化的传承。
·Humans pass down their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education.通过教育，人类把这些技术和知识代代相传。
pass away去世
pass on to 转向；传给；传递；转到；传递给
pass on 传递；继续下去
pass out失去知觉；昏过去
pass through通过(某处)；经历，遭受
pass by从……旁边经过
pass off (以某种方式)发生并完成；进行到最后　
句中therefore 为副词，意为“因此；所以”，可位于句首，句中或者句末，可引出一个独立句子，但不能连接两个句子。
·It rained and therefore the football match was postponed.下雨了，足球比赛因此延期了。
·He was busy； therefore he couldn’t come.＝He was busy. Therefore, he couldn’t come.他忙得很，所以没有来。
But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony
harmony with natureto make these terraces and grow rice.
但也许最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处来建造这些梯田和种植水稻的方式。
句中的in harmony with为固定短语，意为“与……和谐相处”。
此句为强调句型。强调状语along these waterways。 可还原为： During the rainy season, rainwater moves down the maintain and into the terraces along these waterways.
replace v. 以……替换，更换
In sentence (a)，can we replace “in which” with“where” without changing the meaning？在(a)句中，我们能在不改变意思的情况下用“where”代替“in which”吗？
·It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。
replace sth with sth用某物代替某物
replace sb as...代替某人担任……
·We’ve replaced the old adding machine with a computer.我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器。
·She replaced her husband as the local teacher. 她取代丈夫成了当地的老师。
replacement n.更换；复位；代替者　
·The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.商店失去了顾客，但顾客也必须找到一个替代品。
narrow adj. 狭窄的，不宽的；有限的
Tourists can stand on a narrow glass platform called the Skywalk to see the Grand Canyon.游客可以站在一个狭窄的叫天桥的玻璃平台上观看大峡谷。
·The shop sells only a narrow range of goods.这家商店商品的种类有限。
a narrow victory险胜
narrow escape侥幸脱险
·The football team clinched a narrow victory in the final match. 这支足球队在决赛中险胜。
narrowly adv. 勉强地；以毫厘之差；狭隘地；小心地　
·The teacher took his illness into account, so she made him narrowly pass the exam.老师考虑到他生病了，所以勉强地让他通过了考试。
check out 了解清楚，核实，查实；经证实是对的；结账离开
Check out this video that I made—it shows the water falling into the deep valley below.看看我拍的这段视频——它显示了水跌进下面的深谷。
·Maybe they ought to go down to the library and check it out.或许他们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。
·This photocopy machine is not working properly. Could you check out the problem？这台复印机不正常工作了，你检查一下好吗？
check into/in登记入住(旅馆)
check over查看；检查　
·Everyone should check in before he/she stays at a hotel.每个人在住进饭店之前都必须办理登记手续。
·You must check over your examination paper carefully before handing it in.你应仔细检查一下试卷然后再交。
sound like 听起来像
It sounds like I will be sailing on a sea of sand！听起来我要在沙海中航行！
·You don’t sound like a foreigner talking Chinese. 听你讲汉语，不像是外国人。
·What’s wrong？You sound like your voice is gone. 你怎么了。你好像嗓子哑了。
感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词。如果加介词like构成词组，则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词。　
·His explanation sounds reasonable. 他的解释听起来好像有道理。
·It smells like a flower.它闻起来像花。
·When he doesn’t feel like talking, we just let him be.他不想说话时，我们就听任自便吧。
此句主干结构：These two countries are joined。 the Channel Tunnel 与 a rail tunnel with a length of about 50 kilometres,most of which is under the sea为同位语关系，most of which is under the sea为定语从句，修饰先行词tunnel。
publish v. 出版
These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden,first published in 1911.这些话来自1911年首次出版的《秘密花园》一书的作者。
·She works for a company that publishes reference books.她在一家工具书出版公司工作。
publisher n. 出版人(或机构)；发行人(或机构)
publishment n. 出版；发行；发表；公布　
·A few years ago I was asked by a publisher to consider writing a novel, and the idea has been in cold storage ever since.几年前，一位出版商要我考虑写一部小说，但之后这事就搁置下来了。
·The publishment of English Curriculum provides new demands for English teachers.《英语课程标准》的出版对英语教师的教学工作提出了新的要求。
expert adj. 内行的，专家的
Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions.专业的园丁知道在哪能种植出最好的玫瑰，其他人花了数小时努力种植完美的蔬菜以参加比赛。
·When the pet suffered a back injury, Harvey cured it with his own expert hands.那个宠物背部受伤后，哈维用他内行的双手把它治好了。
be expert in/at＝be good at擅长
·He is expert in marketing and has helped many companies increase their sales.他擅长市场营销，已经帮助许多公司增加了销售额。
branch n. 树枝
And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 虽然许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在周日割草，但有些人却乐于坐在树枝下欣赏周围世界的美景。
·These nests increase in size each year, and can eventually weigh down the branch.这些巢每年都在变大，最终可能会把树枝压弯。
root and branch 彻底的
·Our enemies have been destroyed root and branch.我们的敌人彻底被歼灭了。
limited adj. 有限的
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.但在城市里，有限的空间导致人们(不得不)寻找新的解决方案。
·We are doing our best with the limited resources available.我们正在尽最大的努力去利用这些有限的资源。
·Many trains have been cancelled and a limited service is operating on other lines.多趟列车被取消，其他线路上运行的班次也很有限。
limit n. 限度；限制；极限；限量；界限，范围 v. 限制；限定
a time/speed/age limit时间/速度/年龄限制
within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制
limitation n. 限制；控制　
·This drug has one important limitation. Its effects only last six hours.这种药有一个严重缺陷：它的药力只能持续6个小时。
·Drivers have to drive under the posted speed limit on some roads.在某些道路上开车，司机必须把车速控制在标牌规定的限速内。
benefit n. 好处，益处v.对(某人)有用；使受益；得益于
What are the benefits of gardening？园艺有什么好处？
·He gave up smoking for the benefit of his health. 他戒烟是为了对健康有益。
·What he said benefited all the students. 他说的话使所有的学生受了益。
benefit from/by 从……受益
be of benefit to 对……有益
·I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language. 我从学习外语的过程中收获了许多益处。
·It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜伽对人体健康有极大好处。
beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的
be beneficial to 对……有益　
·It can be beneficial to share your feelings with someone you trust. 向自己信任的人倾诉感情是很有益处的。
enter into 加入；开始；成为……的一部分；成为……的一个因素；构成
Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions.专业的园丁知道在哪能种植出最好的玫瑰，其他人们花了数小时努力种植完美的蔬菜以参加比赛。
·As the high technology development and social advancement, the digital time is entering into our life.随着高新技术的发展和社会的进步，我们的生活开始进入了数字化时代。
·We shall be pleased to enter into business relations with you at an early date.我们将很高兴能早日与贵方建立业务关系。
·I can enter into your feelings at the loss of your son. 我理解你失去儿子后的心情。
enter into an election contest (参加)竞选
enter into an agreement 缔结协议
enter into a contract 订(立)合同，订(立)契约，立约
enter for 报名参加
enter in 把……收入，记入；使入学；向海关申报进口
注意：enter若表示进入某一具体场所、建筑物等，是及物动词，其后一般不接介词into。若是表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动，或用于较抽象的概念，则可后接into。　
·In our country, children enter school at the age of six. 在我国孩子们六岁上学。
·They stopped talking as soon as they saw him enter. 他们一见他进来就停止了谈话。
·Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town！ 每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最差的花园而得一个小奖。
reflect on 考虑；回想
And if you are in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden...如果你对此有任何疑问，请花点时间反思《秘密花园》的这句话……
·A good movie can make us reflect on human values.一部好的电影能令我们反思人类的价值观。
·Your journal is one of the best places to reflect on your actions and performance.日志是反映你的做法和表现的最佳方式之一。

此句的主干结构是some are happy。 此处while意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them为动词不定式短语作状语。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、 概念
在此结构中，关系代词指人时用whom, 不可用who或that；指物时用which, 不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。例如：
·Do you know the girl to whom our teacher was talking？
＝Do you know the girl(that/who/whom) our teacher was talking to？
你认识正在和我们老师说话的那位女孩吗？
·The school (that/which) my brother once studied in is very famous.
＝The school in which my brother once studied is very famous.
我哥哥(弟弟)曾经就读的学校非常出名。
二、 关系词
(一)关系代词：
which, that, who, whom, whose
(二)关系副词：
when, where, why
(三)关系词的三大作用：
1. 连接主从句
2. 替代先行词
3. 在从句中作成分
·She is an English teacher who likes travelling.
她是一名喜欢旅游的英语老师。
·She is to arrive here next month, I will think of the time when I stayed with her a few years ago.她下个月到达这里，我将会想起几年前和她待在一起的时光。
三、 结构：先行词＋关系词＋定语从句
注意事项：
1. 要确定关系代词前用什么介词，可以根据：
(1)定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配。
(2)先行词常和什么介词搭配。
2. 在含listen to, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look for, look after, look at等固定短语的定语从句中，一般不将介词与动词分开。例如：
·This is the old lady whom Harold has taken care of. 这位是哈罗德照顾的老人。
·The boy whom my sister is looking for is getting better. 我姐姐正在照顾的那个男孩正在逐渐康复。
3. “介词＋关系代词”前有some, any, none, neither, both, all, most, each, few等代词或者数词时，可构成由“名词(代词、数词)＋of＋which/whom”来引导的定语从句。例如：
·There are thirty students in our class in all, most of whom are from villages.我们班一共有三十名学生，大多数来自农村。
·I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. 我有5本英语词典，其中最好的是《朗文词典》。
　　学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。 英语学科核心素养主要包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。以下文章以自然保护区为切入点，培养学生的文化意识和思维品质，有助于学生增强保护环境的意识。
主题： 植物、野生动物的保护
学科素养： 思维品质
难度系数： ★★★★
Protected Natural Areas Not Enough to Safeguard Wildlife
Scientists say expanding the world’s conservation areas to help protect animals and plant life is unlikely to be effective on its own.
The reason： rising levels of human activity in and around protected natural areas.
Cambridge University researchers studied thousands of conservation areas in more than 150 countries. They found that, in general, recognising spaces as protected is not reducing human activity in at-risk areas.
The researchers found that a lack of money to pay for land protection is affecting conservation efforts. So is a lack of interaction between people who live in protected natural areas and outsiders.
Creating protected areas is something “that we know can work, we know is absolutely essential for conserving biodiversity,” says Jonas Geldmann. He was the lead writer of a report on the study. Geldmann works for the University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute.
The study noted that about 17 per cent of the world falls within protected areas. These include national parks, nature reserves and wilderness areas. That information comes from the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s World Database on Protected Areas.
Protected areas are important for supporting environments with many different kinds of plants and animals.
The United Nations Environment Programme estimates protected areas hold 15％ of the carbon stored on land.
Andrew Wetzler is head of the nature programme at the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group based in the United States. He says, “Protected areas are one of the most important things that we can do to stem the loss of biodiversity and to help solve the climate crisis.” Cambridge researchers said their study is the largest of its kind.
Scientists examined over 12，000 protected areas between 1995 and 2010. They used population counts and information about crop harvests to measure the effect of human activity. They also studied satellite evidence of agriculture and lighting at night.
The researchers found evidence of increased human activity in most protected areas in every area. However, they noted that human activity appeared to be more of an issue in nations with fewer roads and a lower ranking on the Human Development Index. The index uses information about life expectancy, education and earnings to rate countries on human development.
Across the northern hemisphere and Australia, protected areas often proved effective at slowing human activity when compared with unprotected areas.
But in South America, Southeast Asia and African countries south of the Sahara Desert, pressure from human activity inside protected areas was notably higher.
The study found agriculture is a major driving force behind human activity in protected areas.
Protected areas are important for supporting environments with many different kinds of plants and animals.
此句的主体结构为“Protected areas are important”。 “with many different kinds
of plants and animals”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰environments。
保护区对于支持多种动植物生长的环境非常重要。
that引导的定语从句中，包含两个动词不定式作状语：“to stem the loss of biodiversity”和“to help solve the climate crisis”。
保护区是我们可以做的最重要的事情之一，以阻止生物多样性的丧失，并帮助解决气候危机。
此句的主句结构是they noted that...。 that引导的是宾语从句。从句中主干结构human activity appeared to be more of an issue。 后面with的介词短语作后置定语，修饰中心词nation。
然而，他们指出，在道路较少、人类发展指数排名较低的国家，人类活动似乎更是一个问题。
conservation n.(对自然环境的)保护
effective adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的
interaction n. 相互影响
absolutely adv.(强调真实无误)绝对地，完全地
stem v.阻止，遏制
crisis n. 危机；危急关头
evidence n. 根据；证明；证据
compare with 与……比较
lack n. 缺乏；匮乏；短缺
essential adj. 完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的
note v. 指出；特别提到
issue n. 重要议题；争论的问题；(有关某事的)问题
index n.(物价和工资等的)指数；指标
life expectancy 预期寿命；预计存在(或持续)的期限