课件63张PPT。第24讲 代词和连词代 词中考对代词考查的重点有：
1．人称代词和物主代词的用法；
2．it，one('s)，that，those等作替代词的用法；
3．指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、反身代词的用法；
4．不定代词的用法，尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等的用法。高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1．人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：【注意】①人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：
单数形式：you and I；you，he and I；
复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。
承担责任时总是第一人称在前。记忆口诀：人称代词排序歌
单数并列231(you，he/she，I)；
复数并列123(we，you，they)；
倘若要把责任担，第一人称最当先。
②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。2．表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
My books are on the desk.Where is yours？我的书在桌子上，你的书在哪里？记忆口诀：物主代词用法歌诀
物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性。
形容词性能力差，自己不能来当家。
句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加。
物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用。
句中充当主宾表，身后没有名词影。
两种代词形不同，添个s形变名。3．反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加-self，复数后加-selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。具体变化见下表：反身代词的常见搭配：
①enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快
②hurt oneself伤着自己
③teach oneself ＝ learn...by oneself自学
④(all) by oneself (完全)独立地⑤help oneself to请自便，随便吃……
⑥look after oneself自理，照顾自己
⑦leave one by oneself把……单独留下
⑧lose oneself in陶醉于……，沉浸于……【例1】The Browns had a party with their neighbors yesterday.________ all enjoyed themselves.(2015，兰州)
A．We B．You C．Them D．They
答案：________
解析：the Browns意为“布朗一家”，是第三人称复数形式，空缺处所缺的词在句中作主语，要用主格形式。D【例2】 To my surprise，he sold ________ house at such a low price.(2016，重庆A)
A．he B．Him C．His D．himself
答案：________
解析：句意为“令我吃惊的是，他以如此低的价格卖了他的房子”。he“他”，主格；him“他”，宾格；his“他的”，可以作定语；himself“他自己”。这里应用定语来修饰名词house。C【例3】 —Here's a box of chocolate on our desk.For me or for your mom?
—It's ________，Dad.Happy Father's Day！(2016，苏州)
A．hers B．her C．yours D．you
答案：________C解析：hers“她的”，名词性物主代词；her“她”，宾格，作宾语；you“你/你们”，主格作主语，人称代词宾格作宾语；yours“你的/你们的”，名词性物主代词。结合答语后半句“Happy Father's Day！”可知，这盒巧克力是给爸爸的，即“It's your chocolate./It's yours.”。高频考向二 不定代词
1．普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。②many与much
many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。③either与neither
either指两个人或物中的一个；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/neither of＋名词/代词的复数＋谓语动词(第三人称单数形式)；当either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。④both与all
both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用。
⑤each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况；修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。⑥(a) few与(a) little
(a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与可数名词复数连用；(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定，指“几乎没有”，在反意疑问句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相当于some。⑦other，the other，others，the others与another
other作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用在单数或复数名词的前面；the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个，表示特指，常与one连用；others表示泛指，意为“其他的人或物”，常用于“some...，others...”结构中；the others表示特指，意为“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。2．复合不定代词的用法
①在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
③everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。【例4】 We need to go shopping.There is ________ juice left in the fridge.
A．little B．few C．many D．much
答案：________
解析：few，many修饰可数名词；little，much修饰不可数名词。果汁为不可数名词，且句意为“冰箱里几乎没有果汁了”，表否定。A【例5】—What a bad day!
—Everyone has one of those days when ________ goes right.(2016，河南)
A．nothing B．anything
C．everything D．something
答案：________A解析：nothing意为“没有什么”，表示否定意义；anything意为“任何事情；某事物”；一般用于疑问句或否定句；everything意为“每件事”；something意为“某事”，用于肯定句，也可以用于表示请求或建议等的问句中。联系上文“多么糟糕的一天呀！”可推测此句意为“每个人都有不顺心的日子”，此处表示否定意义。nothing goes right表示“没有什么顺心的事”。【例6】 —Sir，________ called you just now.I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.
—OK.Thanks，Nancy.(2016，济南)
A．someone B．nobody C．anyone D．everyone
答案：________A解析：someone意为“某人”，常用于肯定句；nobody意为“没有人”；anyone意为“任何人”，常用于否定句、疑问句；everyone意为“每个人”。由后半句句意“我告诉他20分钟后再打电话”可知，前半句句意应为“先生，刚才有人给你打电话了”，该句为肯定句。【例7】—Which of the two T-shirts would you like to choose?
—Both.Then I can give one to my brother and leave ________ to myself.(2016，哈尔滨)
A．Another B．the other C．other
答案：________B解析：another意为“另一个”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个；the other意为“另一个”，特指两者中的另一个；other意为“别的；其他的”，后接复数名词。由问句中的“two”可知谈论的是两者，结合答语句意“两件都要。然后我可以把一件给我的弟弟，留下另一件给我自己”可知，此处特指两者中的另一个。【例8】 —Which city would you like to live in，Beijing or Shanghai?
—________.I'd like to choose Kunming.(2016，云南)
A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None
答案：________C解析：either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”；both意为“(两者)都”；neither意为“(两者)都不”；none意为“(三者或三者以上)都不”。由Beijing or Shanghai可知，表示在两者之中选择，且答语为“I'd like to choose Kunming.(我想选择昆明)”可知，此处表示“两者都不”。高频考向三 指示代词
指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
①this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
②有时that和those指前面提到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.我受凉了，那就是为什么我没有来。③有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.北京做的电视机和上海做的一样好。
④this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking？你好！我是玛丽。你是杰克吗？【例9】 —Hello，is that Betty speaking?
—Yes.________.
A．This is Betty B．I'm Betty
C．You are Betty D．That's Betty
答案：________
解析：电话用语中用this is...表达“我是……”。 A高频考向四 疑问代词、关系代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主语)
What is that？(作表语)
Whose umbrella is this？(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for？(作宾语)疑问代词与关系代词的相关用法：
①疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。
②关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。③无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如：
Which books do you like best？你最喜欢哪几本书？
What books do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的书？④whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到谁了？
For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？【例10】 I really like the photo of my family ________ my sister took in the city park last year.
A．which B．who C．what D．whom
答案：________
解析：考查定语从句，先行词the photo指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应该用which。A【例11】 —________ do you usually share happiness with?
—My parents and my best friend.(2016，青岛)
A．What B．Who C．Whose
答案：________
解析：由答语句意“我父母和我最好的朋友”可推知问句句意为“你通常和谁分享快乐？”，对人进行提问常用who。B连 词中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见近义连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中。高频考向一 并列连词
①表示平行或承接关系的：and，both...and...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，as well as等；表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示选择关系的：or，either...or...，not...but...；表示因果关系的：for，so等。②both...and...连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither...nor...，not only...but also...，either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。【例1】Last night，the shop was closed ________ she didn't buy any chocolate.(2016，江西)
A．so B．if C．or D．when
答案：________
解析：本题考查连词的辨析。前半句句意为“昨晚商店关门了”，后半句句意为“她没有买到巧克力”二者之间属于因果关系。A【例2】You'd better wake up Tom at 6：30，________ he will be late for the match.(2015，德州)
A．of B．Or C．And D．but
答案：________
解析：由语境可知句意为“你最好在6：30叫醒汤姆，否则他比赛会迟到的。”B【例3】There's no ticket left for Lang Lang's piano concert.________ you ________ your sister can go to it.(2016，苏州)
A．Both；and B．Not only；but also
C．Either；or D．Neither；nor
答案：________D解析：本题考查连词的用法。根据第一句话的句意“郎朗的钢琴演奏会没有剩余的票了”可推断后一句意思是“你和你妹妹都不能去参加音乐会。”表示“(二者)都不”用短语“neither...nor...”。高频考向二 从属连词
从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。
1．引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。2．引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。
特别提示：while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
②引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。③引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，for，since等。
④引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that，such...that等，so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词，当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。
⑤引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，however(＝no matter how)，even if/though等。⑥引导比较状语从句的连词有：as，than，as...as，not so/as...as等。
⑦引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless，as/so long as等。
⑧引导地点状语从句的连词有：where，wherever。【例4】To make your DIY work perfect，you'd better not start ________ you get all the tools ready.(2016，苏州)
A．when B．while C．before D．after
答案：________
解析：本题考查连词的用法，根据语境可以推测句意是“为了使你的手工作品完美，在准备好所有的工具之前你最好不要开始。”C【例5】 I will be very happy ________ you come to my party.(2015，吉林)
A．if B．though C．or
答案：________
解析：由语境可知句意为“如果你来参加我的聚会，我将会很开心。”从句是实现主句的条件。A【例6】 —What were you doing ________ I knocked at the door?
—I was sleeping.(2016，黄石)
A．unless B．once C．When D．while
答案：________C解析：句意为“当我敲门时，你在做什么？” “我在睡觉。”unless“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句；once“一旦……”，引导时间状语从句；when“当……时”；while“当……时”，后跟延续性动词。本题表示“当……时”，knock是非延续性动词。【例7】I am really proud of my group ________ we're always discussing and sharing study secrets together.How important the group work is！(2016，山西)
A．because B．though C．unless
答案：________A解析：考查连词的辨析。句意为“我非常为我的组感到骄傲，我们通常一起讨论和分享学习的秘密。”前后两句表示因果关系。though“尽管”，unless“除非”，均不符合。例8】He hasn't got any hobbies—________ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015，苏州)
A．while B．unless C．as D．if
答案：________
解析：while“当……时候”；unless“除非，如果不”；as“当……时，因为”；if “如果”。结合句意“他没有任何爱好——________你把看电视称为一种爱好。”可得知正确答案。B考点跟踪突破24 代词和连词
代 词
1．The new work is so hard that B would like to take part in it.(2016, 郑州一模)
A．somebody B．nobody
C．anybody D．everybody
2．My friend and I are interested in drawing，but A of us is good at it.(2015，孝感)
A．neither B．both C．none D．all
3．—I'm a little hungry，Daddy.
—See the cupcakes on the plate，but you can only take B，dinner is ready soon.(2016，
广东)
A．it B．one C．this D．that
4．We can't do it that way—but whether it will work is B matter.(2015，安徽)
A．other B．another C．each D．every
5．My brother will come to see me tomorrow.I'll meet C at the airport.(2016，北京)
A．her B．you C．him D．them
6．—Hi，Sara.Is this A English book?
—No.________ is on the desk.(2016，黄石)
A．your；Mine B．your；My
C．yours；Mine D．yours；My
7．If we just think about D，the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.(2016，
东营)
A．myself B．himself
C．yourself D．ourselves
8．Could you record today's NBA basketball game for me？I can watch D later.(2016，
孝感)
A．one B．my C．your D．it
9．—The population of China is larger than C of India.(2016，鄂州)
—Yes，but India's population is increasing rapidly.
A．it B．one C．that D．this
10．The Rio 2016 Olympic torch (火炬) began B 95-day journey in Brazil on May 3rd.(2016，
连云港)
A．it B．its C．it's D．itself
11．The twins look exactly the same.B of them are in my class.(2016，黄石)
A．Each B．Both C．Either D．None
12．In 2022，Beijing will host the Winter Olympics.D my brother and I want to watch
it.(2016，长春)
A．Neither B．All
C．Either D．Both
13．Ladies and gentlemen，attention please！I have B important to tell you.(2016，烟
台)
A．nothing B．something
C．everything D．anything
14．—Is there B else in the classroom?
—It is empty.________ is listening to a speech in the school hall.(2016，泰州)
A．anyone；Anyone B．anyone；Everyone
C．everyone；Anyone D．everyone；Everyone
15．—Is there D in today's newspaper?
—No，I think everything in it is boring.(2016，安顺)
A．interesting anything B．somebody interesting
C．interesting something D．anything interesting
16．Helen is new here，so we know A about her.(2016，南京)
A．nothing B．something
C．anything D．everything
17．There is A bread at home.Would you please get ________ for us？(2016，乌鲁木齐)
A．no；some B．not；some
C．few；some D．little；any
18．—There're four bedrooms in the house，C with its own shower.(2016，武汉)
—That's what I want.I've got a few kids.
A．either B．neither C．each D．none
19．I found B had changed a lot when I went to my hometown again.(2016，泰安)
A．there B．it C．he D．this
20．—What do you think of the iPhone 6s plus?
—Well，A screen is perfect and it is so smart.But I can't accept the price.
A．its B．it C．it's D．itself
21．The light went out suddenly.It was very dark and C could be seen clearly.(2016，上
海)
A．anything B．something
C．nothing D．everything
22．—How many students are there in the classroom?
—B. They are all in the library.(2017，预测)
A．No one B．None
C．All D．Neither
连 词
1．Smile at the world，B the world will smile back to you.(2016，安顺)
A．but B．and C．or D．though
2．—When will G2002 leave Sanmenxia?
—At 8：46 a．m.You must arrive at the station half an hour earlier B you can't miss it.(2016,
三门峡二模)
A．because B．so that
C．as soon as D．even though
3．—Have you watched the latest TV program Running Man?
—Of course! It's popular with C the young ________ the old.
A．either；or B．neither；nor
C．both；and D．not；but
4．He's read a lot，D he is knowledgeable.You can ask him for help (2017，预测)
A．but B．and C．or D．since
5．I'd like to go with you，C I'm too busy.(2016，米泉)
A．or B．and C．but D．so
6．Rules are helpful to us，A we have to follow them.(2016，青岛)
A．so B．but C．or D．because
7．The traffic policeman took away Jim's driver's license B he broke the traffic rules of
drunk driving.(2016，广东)
A．though B．because C．till D．and
8．C American people and British people speak the same language，their cultures are
quite different.(2016，临沂)
A．Since B．If C．Although D．Because
9．—We will fail the exam C we study hard.
—That's why we are trying our best to prepare for the exam.(2016，十堰)
A．until B．when C．unless D．how
10．—The novel seems a little boring.
—You won't enjoy it D you put your heart into it.(2016，泰州)
A．when B．if C．after D．unless
11．A stupid man tells a woman to shut up，while a wise man tells her that her mouth is
quite beautiful C it is closed.(2016，河南)
A．unless B．since C．when D．though
12．I'll go to visit my aunt in England D the summer holiday starts.(2016，呼和浩特)
A．while B．since
C．until D．as soon as
13．Some people won't realize the importance of their friendship C they lost it.(2016，乌
鲁木齐)
A．after B．when C．until D．as
14．—I want to be a teacher when I grow up.
—Work hard，D your dream will come true.(2016，铜仁)
A．or B．but C．though D．and
15．My grandma's hobby is B cooking ________ watching TV.It's square dancing.(2016，
盐城)
A．not only；but also B．neither；nor
C．both；and D．either；or
16．—What film do you like best?
—The Martian.It D shows a lot of imagination，________ has a sense of humor.(2016，
连云港)
A．too；to B．neither；nor
C．either；or D．not only；but also
17．You'd better take care，C you will hurt your eyes.
A．so B．but C．or D．and
18．Be quiet，my kids，C you will have to stay outside，because this is a library.
A．and B．because C．or D．but
19．Your dream will come true A you put your heart and soul into it.
A．if B．unless C．although D．until
20．He's not a perfect child.He sometimes talks back C his parents talk with him.
A．if B．before C．when D．until
21．—Nelly didn't come to the party last night，did she?
—No.She was B busy ________ she hardly had time to enjoy herself.
A．too；to B．so；that
C．such；that D．as；as
22．I won't watch basketball matches B my favorite player is playing.(2017，预测)
A．if B．unless C．since D．because
23．The government is making every effort to clean up pollution B we'll have a better
environment.(2017，预测)
A．even though B．so that
C．because of D．rather than
