课件22张PPT。第26讲 代词中考对代词考查的重点有:
1.人称代词和物主代词的用法;
2.it,one('s),that,those等作替代词的用法;
3.指示代词,疑问代词,反身代词的用法;
4.不定代词的用法。尤其是all,both,either,neither,none,another,the other,some,others,the others等的用法。1.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化;人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语,这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一,并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表:高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词注:①人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序:单数形式:you and I;you,he and I;复数形式:we and you;we and they;we,you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。②及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格,尤其要注意并列宾语。2.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,有人称和数之分。具体见下表:高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如:
My books are on the desk.Where is yours?
我的书在桌子上,你的书在哪里?3.反身代词是人称代词的强调形式,一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下,或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加-self,复数后加-selves;不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我们自己”,“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词,有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
具体变化见下表:高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词反身代词的常见搭配:
①enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快
②hurt oneself伤着自己
③teach oneself = learn...by oneself自学
④(all) by oneself (完全)独立地
⑤help oneself to请自便,随便吃……
⑥look after oneself自理,照顾自己
⑦leave one by oneself把……单独留下
⑧lose oneself in陶醉于……,沉浸于……高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词【例1】The retired couple have decided to go to college.It's time for ________to begin a new life.(2016,上海)
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
解析:考查人称代词的用法。结合句意“这对退休的夫妇已决定去上大学,是他们开始新生活的时候了”。考查句型it's time for sb.to do sth.是该某人做某事的时候了。这里指代the retired couple,作宾语,要用人称代词宾格them。
答案:____高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词B【例2】 Lucy's strawberries are fresher than ________.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine
解析:由句意可知是把露西的草莓和我的草莓作比较,空格后无名词,故应用名词性物主代词。
答案:____
【例3】 —Are Sandy and Kate ________ good friends?
—Yes,they are.Please look after ________.
A.your;their B.your;them
C.yours;theirs D.you;them
解析:第一空要填的词是用来修饰名词friends,故用形容词性物主代词;第二空要填的词是作动词短语look after的宾语,故用宾格代词。
答案:____高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词DB1.普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
②many与much
many修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。much修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。高频考向二 不定代词③either与neither
either指两个人或物中的一个;neither指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定搭配either/neither of+名词/代词的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数形式);当either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
④both与all
both表示“两者都”,常与and连用;all指“三者或三者以上都”,常与of连用。
⑤each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;every强调整体情况;修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each可指两个或两个以上的人或物,而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。高频考向二 不定代词⑥(a) few与(a) little
(a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与可数名词复数连用;(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定,指“几乎没有”,在反意疑问句中尤其要注意;a few和a little指“有一些”,相当于some。
⑦other,the other,others与another
other作形容词,意为“别的,其他的”,常用在单数或复数名词的前面;the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个,表示特指,常与one连用;others表示泛指,意为“其他的人或物”,常用于“some...,others...”结构中;the others表示特指,意为“其他的人或物”;another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。高频考向二 不定代词2.复合不定代词的用法
①在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody,nobody,anyone等时,疑问部分的主语通常用代词they;当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everything,anything,something,nothing等时,疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something,everything,everyone等时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
③everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物,还可以和of连用。高频考向二 不定代词【例4】 We need to go shopping.There is ________ juice left in the fridge.
A.little B.few C.many D.much
解析:few,many修饰可数名词;little,much修饰不可数名词。果汁为不可数名词,且句意为“冰箱里几乎没有果汁了”,表否定。
答案:____
【例5】—Do you like Sichuan food?
—Yes.My brothers and I ________ like hot food very much.(2016,济南)
A.all B.both C.either D.neither
解析:all意为“所有的;全部的”,指三者或三者以上;both意为“两者、都”;either意为“(两者中)任何一个”;neither意为“(两者)都不”。由空前的yes可知,我喜欢川菜,故下文应表达“我和我的兄弟们都非常喜欢辣的食物”,主语my brothers and I 指三者或三者以上。
答案:____高频考向二 不定代词AA【例6】 —Is New Zealand a big country?
—No,New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island,________ is South Island.
A.other B.the other C.another D.others
解析:表示两者中的一个和另外一个,常用“one...,the other...”结构。
答案:____
【例7】The light went out suddenly.It was very dark and________ could be seen clearly.(2016,上海 )
A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
解析:考查不定代词。根据前面一句的意思为:突然停电了,go out 熄灭,it was very dark 很暗,可知,没有东西能被看见(什么也看不见),因此“没东西”为nothing。
答案:____高频考向二 不定代词BC【例8】 —Mom,what would you like,coffee or tea?
—________.Just water,please.(2015,温州)
A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.None
解析:由答语意思“只来点水就行了”可知,两者都不要。either意为“两者任一”;both意为“两者都”;neither意为“两者都不”;none意为“没有任何人或东西”,用于三者或三者以上的人或物,不能用于两者。
答案:____高频考向二 不定代词C指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。
①this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
②有时that和those指前面提到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如:
I had a cold.That's why I didn't come.
③有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
④this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。如:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?高频考向三 指示代词【例9】 —Hello,is that Betty speaking?
—Yes.________.
A.This is Betty B.I'm Betty
C.You are Betty D.That's Betty
解析:电话用语中用this is...表达“我是……”。
答案:____高频考向三 指示代词A疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如:
Who is going to come here tomorrow?(作主语)
What is that?(作表语)
Whose umbrella is this?(作定语)
Whom are you waiting for?(作宾语)
疑问代词与关系代词
①疑问代词通常位于句首,引出特殊疑问句。
②关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词,但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。高频考向四 疑问代词、关系代词③无论是疑问代词还是关系代词,which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定范围内。如:
Which books do you like best?你最喜欢哪几本书?
What books do you like best?你最喜欢什么样的书?
④whom是who的宾格,在口语中作宾语时,也可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom。如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到谁了?
For whom are you waiting?你在等谁?高频考向四 疑问代词、关系代词【例10】 I really like the photo of my family ________ my sister took in the city park last year.
A.which B.who C.what D.whom
解析:考查定语从句,先行词the photo指物,且在从句中作宾语,故应该用which。
答案:____
【例11】 —________ is that man over there?
—He's my uncle.
A.What B.Who C.Whose
解析:询问人且在句中作主语。
答案:____高频考向四 疑问代词、关系代词BA考点跟踪突破26 代词
1.Miss Smith,an American lady,has taught __B__ English for three years.(2016,长沙)
A.we B.us C.our
2.If you want to learn English better,you can make friends with American students and talk to __C__.(2016,贺州)
A.their B.theirs C.them D.they
3.—Whose iPhone 6 is it?(2015,东营)
—__C__.I'm looking for it here and there.
A.I B.Me C.Mine D.Myself
4.I don't like __D__ watch.I like ________.(2015,天津)
A.me;your B.my;your
C.me;yours D.my;yours
5.Mrs.Smith often goes to visit those AID's patients in hospitals to cheer __B__ up.(2015,苏州)
A.her B.them C.him D.us
6.—I wonder if this smart phone is Mary's.
—It __C__ belong to her.________ is totally different from this one.(2015,兰州)
A.mustn't;Her B.can't;Her
C.can't;Hers D.may;Hers
7.Uncle Tom will come to visit __B__ next Saturday.(2015,济宁)
A.we B.us C.our D.ours
8.—I'm a little hungry,Mom.
—There are some cakes on the plate.You can take __B__.(2015,安徽)
A.it B.one C.that D.this
9.—What a great thing to have a robot at home!
—Robots are really useful.One day they will help people do almost __B__.(2016,厦门)
A.something B.everything C.nothing
10.—Jack,is there __A__ in today's newspaper?
—No,nothing.
A.anything important B.something important
C.important anything D.important something
11.Helen is new here,so we know __B__ about her.(2016,南京)
A.something B.nothing
C.anything D.everything
12.Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have __D__ time to do exercise.(2015,淮安)
A.few B.a few
C.a little D.little
13.Good words can touch not only your heart but also __A__.(2016,陕西)
A.mine B.I C.my D.myself
14.—Wow,so many new buildings!But it used to be a poor village.(2015,盐城)
—Yes.__C__has changed in our hometown.
A.Nothing B.Nobody
C.Everything D.Everybody
15.Could you record today's NBA basketball game for me?I can watch __D__ later.(2016,孝感)
A.one B.my C.your D.it
16.Helen has got two brothers.__A__ of them likes chocolate,but she loves it.(2016,安徽)
A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any
17.Whenever Tom reads an interesting novel,he can't keep it to __C__ and wants to share it with his classmates.(2016,龙东)
A.him B.he C.himself
18.A smile costs __B__,but gives so much.So we should learn to smile.
A.something B.nothing
C.anything D.everything
19.—Where would you like go to this Mid-Autumn Festival?
—I'd like to go __B__.
A.everywhere relaxing B.somewhere relaxing
C.peaceful anywhere D.peaceful somewhere
20.—How do you like the famous actor,Tong Dawei?
—Wonderful!I like __C__ very much.(2015,荆州)
A.he B.his
C.him D.himself
21.For the first time,I found__A__ great fun to achieve something through hard work.(2016,包头)
A.it B.that C.this D.one
22.In 2022,Beijing will host the Winter Olympics.__D__ my brother and I want to watch it.(2016,长春)
A.Neither B.All C.Either D.Both
23.The retired couple have decided to go to college.It's time for __B__ to begin a new life.(2016,上海)
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
24.—What a bad day!(2016,河南)
—Everyone has one of those days when __C__ goes wrong.
A.nothing B.anything
C.everything D.something
25.—Do you like watching ping-pong matches?
—Yes,and __C__ favorite ping-pong player is Ma Long.(2016,重庆)
A.we B.us C.our D.ours