2017年中考英语专题复习课件 代词

课件21张PPT。代词
知识概要
英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。代词一览表
难点链接人称代词的用法
1.人称代词的人称、数和格。
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）
3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：
---Whos is knocking at the door? ---It’s me.
4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am.
二. 物主代词的用法
1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.
3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）--- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）--- No. Mine is in my bag.I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语） 难点链接三. 反身代词的用法 英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己“, ”他们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。
1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。
He called himself a writer．
Would you please express yourself in English?　
2. 作表语。
It doesn‘t matter．I’ll be myself soon．
The girl in the news is myself．
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语） You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语）四. 指示代词的用法 　 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those
则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil．We are busy these days．In those days the workers had a hard time．
2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲
到的事物，例如：I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．
3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．
4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
难点链接难点链接五. 疑问代词的用法
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）
What is that? (作表语)
Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)
Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)
六. 不定代词的用法　不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有：some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：
1. some与any的区别
1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词（复数）。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词（复数）。If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn’t any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?
3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture? I can‘t see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。
难点链接难点链接 2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1）用作形容词，few, a few 修饰可数名词（且写成复数），little, a little 修饰不可数名词。
I’m going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I’m a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.
3. every与each的区别。
Each：1)可单独使用，2)可做代名词、形容词，3)着重“个别”， 4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。
Every：1)不可单独使用，2)仅作形容词，3)着重“全体”，毫无例外，4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。
当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different colour.
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
注意：我们可以用each of …, 而不能用 every of …如：Each of you can have a rest.难点链接难点链接 4. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
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注意：
1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。
Where are his other books? I haven't any other books except this one.
2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.难点链接5. all和both的用法。
1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语) All the water has been used up. (作主语) That‘s all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All the leaders are here. (作定语)
2）both作代词。
①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。
Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? They're both fine.
②与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。
Both of them came to see Mary.
Both of the books are very interesting.
③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.
3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
难点链接七. 相互代词的用法 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。　 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语）　 Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语）　 We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定语）　 The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. （作定语）难点链接八.关系代词的用法
关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词，常用在宾语从句中。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：
I hate people who talk much but do little.
I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.
With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.
Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?
课时训练1.The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler
than_________in Shanghai.
A.this B.it C.that D.one2.Pass_________the knife,please.My pencil is broken.
A.I B.me C.my D.mine3.Tell him not to play with the knife.He may hurt
_________.
A.him B.himself C.yourself D.myself4.—Whose painting is this? It's really wonderful!
—Oh,it's not_________.It's_________.
A.hers, your B.mine,Elsa's
C.your's,he's D.his,my5.—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
—_________is OK.I'm free today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.NoneCB BB A 课时训练6.We go home_________six days.
A.all B.each C.both D.every
7._________ of the teachers are kind in our school.
A.Every B.Each C.Either D.All
8.—_________hat is this?
—It's_________.
A.Whose,me B.who,mine
C.Whom,his D.Whose,mine
9.If you need_________money,I'll lend you _________.
A.one,one B.any，some
C.some，any D.any，any
10.He has_________ to tell us.
A.something important B.important something
C.anything useful D.useful nothingDDDBA课时训练11.Neither I nor he_________ from USA.
A.be B.are C.am D.is
12.Everyone can have a piece of bread,_________?
A.can,every one B.can't they
C.can't it D.can't she
13.Why don't you get_________to read while you are on holiday?
A.anything B.everything
C.something D.nothing
14.Li Lei is taller than_________ in his class.
A.anybody B.anybody else
C.else anyone D.somebody else
15.This dictionary isn't_________.It is _________.
A.yours,his B.you,him
C.hers,you D.mine,himDBCBA16.You like this but I like_________.
A.this B.them C.it D.that
17.She will go skating and I'll do_________.
A.such B.same
C.the same as D.the same
18.The sentence_________is wrong.
A.himself B.herself C.itself D.it
19.He is a teacher_________ I like very much.
A.what B.whose C.whom D.which
20.There're more than twenty students in our school,but_________of them are from France.
A.none B.all C.neither D.both.课时训练DDCCA 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag.
2. Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.
3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s?
---Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn’t it?
4. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack.
5. ---Who taught your brother to surf?
---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he).
6. Their English teacher is from America, but ______ (we) is from England.
7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ ( I ).
8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______(you)?
---Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.
9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ (he)?
10. Did you enjoy _______ (you), Mary and Kate?
课时训练mineourhersyourself himselfoursmineyourshimyourselves课时训练用适当的代词填空
1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _______ is a teacher.
2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _______ like ball games.
3. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got _______ time before the train leaves.
4. We were all very tired, but _______ of us would like to have a rest.
5. ______ of the twins are in our class.
6. Boys, don’t touch the machines, or you may hurt _______.
7. It is said there is going to be ________ important in the CCTV news.
8. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.
9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson.
10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well?
---Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near ______ country.
the otherothersa littlenonebothyourselvessomethingnoneanythingither课时训练用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空
1. ______ is the population of the world today?
2. _______ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?
3. --- _______ colour is your mother’s dress?
---It’s black.
4. ---______ is your car?
---The red one in front of the tree.
5. ---______ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle?
---I know, sir. It’s instruction.
6. The necklace ______ she is wearing is beautiful.
7. Do you know the person _______ lost his bike?
8. Most people _______ live in less developed countries are quite poor.
9. The boy ______ is helping the old man is John’s brother.
10. People ______ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful
whatwhowhatwhichwhichthat/ whichwho that/ who that/ who that/ whoSee you next time!