Unit 1 What’s the matter? Grammar 知识点讲解+巩固练习（含解析）

Unit 1 What’s the matter?
表达病痛的结构
要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服，可以用以下结构：
1. 某人+ have/has + 病症.
? The twins have colds. 这对双胞胎感冒了。
2. 某人+ have/has a(n) + 身体部位-ache（headache / toothache / stomachache / backache / earache）
? She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚胃痛。
3. 某人+ have / has a sore + 身体部位.
? He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。
4. 某人+ hurt(s) + 身体部位或反身代词.
? He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。
5. 身体部位 + hurt(s).
? My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。
6. 某人+ have/has a pain in one’s + 身体部位.
? I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。
7. (There is) something wrong with one’s + 身体部位.
? There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼不舒服。
8. 其他表达方式
? She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。
? He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。
? She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。
—Mom, I ________.
—I’m sorry to hear that, dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.
A. have a headache B. have a stomachache
C. have a toothache D. have a fever
【答案】C
（二）情态动词should的用法
should 作情态动词，有实际的词义，但它不可单独作谓语，须与动词原形连用，没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式在其后加not，可缩写为shouldn’t；变为一般疑问句时，should 提到主语之前。它的用法如下：
1. 表示委婉地提出意见或建议，一般意为＂应该；应当＂。
? You should eat lots of healthy food. 你应该多吃些健康的食品。
? You should help each other. 你们应该互相帮助。
2. 表示义务、责任，也意为＂应该；应当＂。
? You should study hard. 你应当努力学习。
? He should pay for the books. 他应当付书钱。
—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.
—That’s too bad. Everyone ________ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.
A. may　　 B. should　　 C. would
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。may可能；should应当；would会。句意：每个人应当成为书的爱好者。读书更快乐。
3. 表示命令和要求，语气比较强烈。
? We should respect our teachers and parents. 我们应该尊敬老师和父母。
? You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心。
4. 表示预测和可能性。
? He should be a teacher. 他可能是一位老师。
? They should be in the classroom. 他们应该在教室里。
5. 表示说话人的感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多见于以why，who，how，what等开头的特殊疑问句中。? Why should I invite her? 为什么我要邀请她？
? How should I know? 我怎么会知道？
(三)反身代词
反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格形式，词尾加-self或-selves组成的。反身代词意为＂本人＂＂本身＂，为加强语气，也可翻译为＂亲自＂＂自己＂。
1. 反身代词构成
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
2. 反身代词的用法
作动词宾语或介词宾语
? The boy can dress himself. 这个男孩能给自己穿衣服。
? Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾你自己。
作主语或宾
语的同位语
? Mrs Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克夫人本人就是一名律师。
? You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。
作表语
? Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。
? Mary hasn’t been herself recently. 玛丽近来感到不适。
3. 易错点
反身代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词形成相互关系，在人称、性和数上保持一致。
? The children are enjoying themselves in the park. 孩子们正在公园里玩得很高兴。
They could look after _____________ when they were six.
A. ourselves B. themselves C. yourselves
【答案】B
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：当他们六岁时就能够照顾自己了。主语是they，对应的反身代词为themselves。
4. 反身代词的常用短语
teach oneself＝learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快
help oneself to... 随便吃/用…… look after oneself 照顾某人自己
dress oneself 给自己穿衣服
—Kate, I’m going on business. Please look after _____________ well.
—Don’t worry, Mom. I will.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
【答案】C
基础训练
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We should________ (help) each other.
2. She should ________ (take) some medicine when she ________ (have) a fever.
3. You shouldn’t ________ (go) to bed too late. It’s bad for your health.
4. We enjoyed ________(we) at the dancing party yesterday evening.
5. I was able to look after ________ (my) when I was four years old.
6. I was able to look after _____________ (my) when I was four years old.
7. The old man had problems breathing. What should we do _____________ (help) him?
8. —I’ll have a tennis game tomorrow. I’m a little bit nervous.
—Believe in _____________ (you). You’re the best in our club.
Ⅱ. 用should或shouldn’t 填空
1. He’s ill. He _____________ take some medicine.
2. You’re stressed out. You _____________ listen to some music.
3. She has a sore throat. She _____________ eat too much hot food.
4. They are tired. They _____________ stop working.
5. You have a toothache. You _____________ see a dentist.
Ⅲ. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词
1. He should drink hot tea with honey. (改为否定句)
He _____________ _____________ hot tea with honey.
2. She should put some medicine on the cut. (改为一般疑问句)
_____________ she _____________ _____________ medicine on the cut?
3. You should see a dentist. (对画线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ I _____________?
4. Sam should meet his friend at the train station. (对画线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ Sam _____________ his friend?
5. You should get to the park at 8：00 a. m. (对画线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ we get to the park?
Ⅳ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 你应该吃些蔬菜。
You _____________ _____________ some vegetables.
2. 饭后你不应该躺在床上。
You _____________ _____________ _____________ in bed after meals.
3. 学生们上学不应该迟到。
The students _____________ _____________ late for school.
4. 他可能在九点前到达那儿。
He _____________ _____________ there before nine o’clock.
5. 他们现在可能在上海了。
They _____________ _____________ in Shanghai now.
V. 单项选择
1. (2019·湖南株洲) You look so weak! I think you _________ go to see a doctor at once.
A. might B. should C. could
2. (2019·江苏泰州) To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents ________ give them some safety tips.
A. should B. may C. could D. might
3.（2019·四川凉山）Parents put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.
A. may B. might C. can D. should
4.（2019?贵州黔南)Welcome you all to China and enjoy________ here.
A. yourself B. yourselves C. themselves D. himself
5. (2019·江苏无锡)You’re the future of this country. Don’t keep asking what this country can do for you. Ask __________ what you can do for this country.
A. us B. ourselves C. you D. yourselves
6.（2019·四川德阳）—Do you often help your sister with her English?
—No, She learns English by_______.
A. himself B. herself C. myself D. yourself
7. (2019·天津) —She is too busy to help us finish the work.
—Let’s do it __________.
A. herself B. myself C. itself D. ourselves
8. (2019·湖南永州) —Mom, can you help me wash my clothes?
—Sorry, dear. Help .
A. myself B. ourselves C. yourself
9.（2019·滨州）—Must I go to a law school and be a lawyer like you, Dad?
—No, you _____________. You are free to make your own decision.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
10.（2019·重庆B）To my surprise, he sold _____________ house at such a low price.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
11.（2019·自贡）—Did you make the kite _____________, kids?
—No, our uncle made it for us.
A. yourselves B. yourself C. themselves
12.（2019·漳州）—Liu Mei can speak Japanese so well! Who taught her?
—Nobody. She taught _____________.
A. her B. hers C. herself
13.（2019·黑龙江牡丹江）—More and more students wear glasses in our school these days.
—I agree with you. Students _____________ keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes.
A. should B. might C. shall
14.（2019·哈尔滨）As middle school students, we _____________ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. need
15. We _____________ be more careful, or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.
A. might B. can C. may D. should
16. Lily is 9 years old. _____________ is old enough to go to school _____________.
A. She；she B. She；herself C. Her；herself D. Her；she
17. Rock music _____________ sound popular with the young, but it’s not the favor of the aged people.
A. must B. need C. should D. may
18. Tom _____________ a bad cold. Let’s take him to the hospital.
A. hurts B. takes C. have D. has
VI. 完形填空
It was a hot afternoon last summer. When I was 1 on the way home, I met an old man. He was holding a 2 , which said, ＂Need Help＂. The 3 was busy and I had to drive on. Later when I 4 , I saw the old man walking towards me. So I stopped beside him and asked him what he was doing. ＂I want to meet my best 5 . We have been friends for almost 50 years. But he is going to 6 soon, and I want to be with him in the last minute of his life, ＂ he said.
It was very 7 outside, so I gave him a bottle of cold water, some food, some money and a bag to 8 everything in. He thanked me and accepted the things that I gave him. Although he looked 9 , I hugged(拥抱) him before I left, I felt so 10 and peaceful.
Helping others is a great thing. When you offer to help others, you will also get many things in return. And those are the things that you will never forget.
1. A. walking B. leaving C. driving D. moving
2. A. sign B. bell C. plate D. car
3. A. store B. road C. room D. window
4. A. volunteered B. hurt C. dropped D. returned
5. A. friend B. teacher C. student D. uncle
6. A. work B. live C. die D. win
7. A. cold B. hot C. rainy D. strange
8. A. put B. decide C. compete D. cut
9. A. excited B. tidy C. angry D. dirty
10. A. warm B. upset C. cheap D. heavy
VII. 语法填空
Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man.
At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No.26 1 (go) along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man 2 (lie) on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for help.
The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without 3 (think) twice He got off and asked the woman what 4 (happen). She said that the old man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act 5 (quick). He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers 6 (get) off and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all agreed 7 (go) with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to move the man on the bus.
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors 8 (save) the man in time. “It’s sad that many people 9 (not want) to help others because they don’t want any trouble,” says one passenger. “But the driver didn’t think about 10 (he). He only thought about saving a life.”
参考答案
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. help 2. take；has 3. go 4. ourselves
5. myself 6. myself 7.to help 8. yourself
Ⅱ. 用should或shouldn’t 填空。
1.should 2.should 3.shouldn’t 4.should 5.should
Ⅲ. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1.shouldn’t drink 2.Should；put any 3.What should；do　
4.Where should；meet 5.When should
Ⅳ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1. should eat 2. should not lie 3. shouldn’t be
4. should arrive 5. should be
V. 单项选择
3. D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：父母应该把像刀和药之类的东西收拾好以保证孩子们的安全。may可能，可以；might可能；can能；should应该。所以选答案D。
4. B 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句意：欢迎你们到中国来，希望你们过得愉快！all表示三者或者三者以上“全部的”，所以you指的是“你们”，故玩得愉快要用：enjoy yourselves。故选B。
5. D 【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：你们是这个国家的将来。不要一直问这个国家为你做了什么，问“你们自己”能为这个国家做些什么。根据后面的“what you can do”可知此处应用“you”的反身代词yourselves，前面出现了“you”，再次出现则用其反身代词。故选D。
6. B 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：——你经常帮助你妹妹学英语吗？——不，她自学英语。learn...by oneself意为“自学”，主语是she，反身代词用herself。故答案选B。
7. D 【解析】考查反身代词辨析。句意：——她太忙了，不能帮助我们完成工作。——咱们自己做吧。第一句表达她太忙了，不能帮我们，所以第二句要表达我们自己做吧，需用反身代词“我们自己”ourselves。故选D。
8. C 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句意：——妈妈，你能帮我洗衣服吗?——抱歉，亲爱的。你自己洗吧。故选C。
9. D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。Must I...?的否定回答一般用No, you needn’t. 表示＂不，你不必。＂故选D。
12. C 【解析】teach oneself自学。句意：——刘梅日语说得很好！谁教她的？——没人教。她自学的。所以选C。
13. A 【解析】句意：——最近我们学校越来越多的学生戴眼镜了。——我同意你的说法。学生应该坚持做眼保健操来保护眼睛。should＂应该＂，表示责任与义务；might＂可以，可能＂，表示请求允许或推测；shall＂要，将要＂，表示将来。由语境可知选A。
14. B 【解析】句意：作为中学生，如果我们想要实现我们的梦想，就不应该害怕困难。must＂必须＂，表示义务、命令或要求；should＂应该＂，表示责任和义务，其否定形式是shouldn’t（不应该）；need＂需要＂，作情态动词时常用于否定句或疑问句中。根据句意可知选B。
15. D 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们应该更仔细，否则我们将在实验中犯同样的错误。might可能；can能，会；may可能；should应该。根据句意可知是应该更仔细。故选D。
16. B 【解析】句意：莉莉九岁了，她年龄足够大，能够自己去上学了。第一个空用人称代词的主格，第二个空要用反身代词。
17. D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：摇滚音乐可能听起来很受青年人的喜爱，但是不受老年人的青睐。must＂一定＂；need＂需要＂；should＂应该＂；may＂也许；可能＂。根据sound＂听起来＂和but可知此处表猜测，故选D。
18. D 【解析】have a (bad) cold意为＂患（重）感冒＂，为固定搭配；又因Tom为第三人称单数，因此要用has，故选D。
VI. 完形填空
【文章大意】本文讲述的是去年夏天，作者在开车回家途中，帮助一位老人的故事，告诉人们助人为乐的道理。主动帮助别人时，会得到许多回报，那将是永远无法忘记的东西。
2. A 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。句意：他拿着一个标志。A.sign标志；B. bell铃；C. plate盘子；D. car小轿车。根据短文可知，他拿着一个上面写着＂Need help＂的标志，故选A。
3. B 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。句意：路上很拥挤，我必须继续开。A.store商店；B. road路；C. room房间；D. window窗户。公路上车辆很多，我必须继续前开。故选B。
4. D 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。句意：当我返回时，我看到老人朝我走来。A.volunteered志愿；B. hurt受伤；C. dropped落下；D. returned返回。返回时再次遇到老人。故选D。
5. A 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。句意：我想要见我最好的朋友。A.friend朋友；B. teacher老师；C. student学生；D. uncle叔叔。由下句可知他们是五十年的老朋友。故选A。
6. C 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。句意：但是他很快就要去世了。A.work工作；B. live居住；C. die去世；D. win获胜。由下句的：the last minute of his life（他人生中最后的时间）可知他要去世了。故选C。
7. B 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。句意：外面很热。A.cold冷；B. hot热；C. rainy下雨的；D. strange奇怪的。由下句中的：so I gave him a bottle of cold water（我给他一瓶冰水）可知外面热。故选B。
8. A 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。句意：因此我给了他一瓶冰水，一些食物，一些钱和一个袋子装这些东西的袋子。A.put放；B. decide决定；C. compete竞争；D. cut切。用袋子装东西。故选A。
9. D 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。句意：虽然他看起来脏，但是我离开时拥抱了他。A.excited激动的；B. tidy整洁的；C. angry生气的；D. dirty脏的。由although可以推测出，虽然老人脏。故选D。
10. A 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。句意：我感到如此的温暖和宁静。A.warm温暖的；B. upset沮丧的；C. cheap便宜的；D. heavy重的。和老人的拥抱。我感到温暖、宁静。故选A。
VII. 语法填空
【文章大意】短文讲述了一位年轻的公交司机救一位犯了心脏病的老人的事。
3．thinking 【解析】句意：24岁的公交车司机王平不假思索就停了车。without thinking twice是固定搭配，意为“不假思索、没有多想”；故答案填thinking。
4．happened 【解析】句意：他下了车，询问那位妇女发生了什么事。what happened发生了什么事；故答案填happened。
5．quickly 【解析】根据题干Mr. Wang knew he had to act____5____ (quick)，可知王先生知道他必须快速行动，这里应用副词quickly修饰前面的动词act；故答案填quickly。
6．to get 【解析】句意：他期望大多数或所有的乘客下车去等下一辆车。expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事；故答案填to get。
7．to go 【解析】句意：但令他吃惊的是，他们都同意和他一起去。agree to do sth.同意做某事；故答案填to go。
8．saved 【解析】句意：医生及时救了那个人。根据句意可知时态应为一般过去时，所以这里应用save的过去式saved；故答案填saved。
9．don't want 【解析】句意：可悲的是，许多人不想帮助别人，因为他们不想惹麻烦。根据句意可知时态是一般现在时，“不想去做某事”英文表达应是don't want to do sth.故答案填don't want。
10．himself 【解析】句意：但是司机没有考虑他自己。think about oneself考虑自己，所以这里应用反身代词himself指代主语the driver；故答案填himself。