初中英语语法：代词（共92张WPS打开）

(共92张PPT)
二
代词
Pronoun/pron.
学习目标
1.人称代词
2.物主代词
3.反身代词
4.it的指代
5.指示代词
6.疑问代词
7.不定代词
7.1
some/any/few/little
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
7.3
each/every
7.4
one/ones
7.5
another/the
other/others/the
others
7.6
a
number
of/a
great
deal
of
7.7
复合不定代词
人称代词
1.人称代词
第一人称：自称“吾”“我”“余”“予”“朕”“孤”“寡人”
第二人称：对称“尔”“汝”“女”“若”“乃”“而”
第三人称：他称“彼”“其”“之”
我/你/他/她/它
我们/你们/他们/她们/它们
1.人称代词
1.人称代词
1.1人称代词
主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。
You
are
a
student.
宾格：作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词后面。?
Give
it
to
me.
Let's
go
=Let
us
go.
1.1人称代词
补充
双宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
He
lend
me①
a
book②
①间接宾语
②直接宾语
间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，
如果间接宾语在后，间接宾语必须加to/for
He
lend
a
book②
to
me①
物主代词
2
2.物主代词
理解：物品的主人
This
is
my
book
This
book
is
mine.
2.1形容词性物主代词
2.2名词性物主代词
这本书是我的
=my
book
2.物主代词
2.物主代词
2.1形容词性物主代词
Its
name
is
Tom.
形容词性物主代词可以作
定语
修饰和限定名词
我妹妹有一辆新的自行车
My
sisiter
has
a
new
bicycle.
注意①
形容词性物主代词
不能单独使用
后面要加名词
这本书是我的
This
is
my
book
【误】This
book
is
my.
mine
注意①
形容词性物主代词
不能单独使用
后面要加名词
2.1形容词性物主代词
我可爱的妹妹们有一辆新的自行车
My
lovely
sisiters
has
a
new
bicycle.
【误】Lovely
my……
注意②
形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时
其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词
注意③
形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。
have
2.1形容词性物主代词
【误】That?is?my?a?bike.?
注意④
当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时
不能再用冠词a/an/the来修饰名词
【误】Their?those?computers?are?here.?
注意⑤
当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时
不能再用指示代词this/that/these/those来修饰名词
2.1形容词性物主代词
-May?I?use?your?pen?
-Yours?works?better.
2.2名词性物主代词
作主语
=your?pen
I?love?my?motherland?
as?much?as?you?love?yours.
2.2名词性物主代词
作宾语
=your?motherland
I?am?writing?with?your?pen,
not?with?mine.
2.2名词性物主代词
作介词宾语
=my
pen
注意①
a?friend?of?mine=one?of?my?friends
但是不能说a?friend?of?me
2.2名词性物主代词
为避免重复使用名词
通常可用“名词性物主代词”
来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式
My?bag?is?yellow,?her?bag?is?red,?
his?bag?is?blue?and?your?bag?is?pink.
My?bag?is?yellow,?hers?is?red,?his?is?blue?and?yours?is?pink.
反身代词
3
反身代词，又称为自身代词
表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身
还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气
3.反身代词
定义
enjoy
oneself
短语：玩的开心
have
a
good
time/have
fun
3.反身代词
eg：Maria?buy?herself?a?telephone.
作宾语
宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物
3.反身代词
翻译：我们必须好好照顾（look
after）自己
We?must?look?after?ourselves?very?well
She?herself?will?fly?to?London?tomorrow.
加强语气
可用作主语或宾语的同位语
3.反身代词
翻译：我上周见了这个作家（强调作家本身）
I?met?the?writer?himself?last?week.?
补充
关于反身代词的短语
by
oneself
单独地Would?you?go?there?by?yourself?
3.反身代词
for
oneself
为自己；独自You?must?find?it?out?for?yourself.
help
oneself
to
sth.
随便吃Please?help?yourself?to?some?fish.
it的指代
4
①指代前面所提到过的人、物或事情
也可以指未提到过的但是谈话双方都明白的事情、情况
4.it的指代
-Where?is?your?backpack???
-It’s?on?the?chair.
②指代时间、天气、距离、环境等
4.it的指代
It?is?over?one?year?since?I?came?to?this?school.
It?is?warm?in?winter?in?Kunming.
It?is?about?2?kilometers?away?from?here.
It?is?very?quiet?here.??
③指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或物
4.it的指代
-Who’s?the?baby?in?the?picture??
Is?it?your?brother???
-No,?it’s?me.?
补充
it作形式主语和形式宾语
代替不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句
而把真正的主语、宾语放在后面
4.it的指代
It?is?a?pity?that?he?missed?the?first?flight.
It?seems?that?he?has?passed?the?exam.?
I?find?it?a?waste?spending?so?much?time?on?TV.
指示代词
5
表示这个、那个、这些、那些的词
5.指示代词
This/That
These/Those
近
远
指示代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
作主语
5.指示代词
This
is
a
Chinese
doctor.
That
is
a
kind
of
virus.
These
are
brave
Chinese
doctors.
补充
2019-nCoV
新型冠状病毒
5.指示代词
n：novel
adj.新奇的
/
不寻常的
/
异常的
n.小说
CoV：coronavirus
n.冠状病毒
corona
n.冠状物
virus
n.病毒
补充
2019-nCoV
新型冠状病毒
5.指示代词
WHO
World
Health
Organization
作宾语
5.指示代词
-What
do
you
like???
-I
like
this.
I
should
say
I
know
that.
作定语
5.指示代词
那本小说是有趣的.
That
novel
is
interesting.
这些小说都不是很有趣.
Those
novels
are
not
very
interesting.
这些小说都很无聊.
Those
novels
are
very
boring.
3.18复习
短语：玩的开心
have
a
good
time/have
fun/enjoy
oneself
novel
a.新奇的/n.小说
virus
病毒
a
kind
of
一种
短语：照顾
take
care
of/care
about/look
after
疑问代词
6
刚才谁在这儿?
Who
was
here
just
now?
你在找谁?
Whom
are
you
looking
for?
这是谁的练习本?
Whose
exercise-book
is
this?
这是什么?
What
is
this?
你喜欢哪一个，这个还是那个?
Which
one
do
you
like,this
one
or
that
one?
6.疑问代词
①引导特殊疑问句
②在句中应位于谓语动词之前
6.疑问代词
补充
疑问代词引导从句
疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语，宾语，表语等成分
我们该干什么仍然还不知道
What
we
should
do
is
still
unknown.
我知道他在找谁
I
know
whom
he
is
looking
for.
6.疑问代词
区分
Who/Whom
刚才谁在这儿?Who
was
here
just
now?
你在找谁?Whom
are
you
looking
for?
你在街上遇到了谁？
Who(m)
did
you
meet
on
the
street?
你要把这书带给谁？
Who(m)
are
you
taking
the
book
to?
你在校园里和谁讲话了？
To
whom
did
you
speak
on
the
campus?
Who主语/宾语
Whom宾语
介词后要加宾语
6.疑问代词
区分
What/Which
What?books?do?you?like?reading??
Which?color?is?your?cap，red,?green?or?yellow??
What未知或无限范围
Which已知或无限范围
6.疑问代词
区分
What/Which
针对人发问时，即使选择对象的范围是未知或无限的，人们有时似乎更倾向于用which，而少用what。?
Which
doctor?will?come?next?
6.疑问代词
区分
What/Which
但在实际生活中，what也可见用于从已知或有限的范围内作出选择的个别场合。
What/which
season
is
the
best?
What
day
of
the
week
is
it
today?
6.疑问代词
Which
of
……中的哪个
Which?of?you?came?to?see?me?yesterday?
Which?of?the?pictures?were?you?drawing?last?night?
不定代词
7
7.1
some/any/few/little
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
7.3
each/every
7.4
one/ones
7.5
another/the
other/others/the
others
7.6
a
number
of/a
great
deal
of
7.7
复合不定代词
7.1
some/any/few/little
2.2不可数名词
some/any/lots
of/a
lot
of
可修饰【C】【U】
some肯定句
客气的一般疑问句
any否定句
一般疑问句
I?have______beautiful?stamps.
I?don’t?have______beautiful?stamps.
Do?you?have_______beautiful?stamps?
A:?Can?I?have?any______bananas?
B:?Sure.
some
some
any
any
7.1
some/any/few/little
collect
stamps
集邮票
2.2不可数名词
many修饰【C】much【U】?
Peter?has_______friends.
Peter?has_______food?for?his?birthday?party.??
many
much
how
many修饰【C】how
much【U】?
______________tea?is?there?in?the?cup?
______________pieces?of?bread?are?there?on?the?plate?
How
much
How
many
7.1
some/any/few/little
易混易错点
辨析few/a
few/little/a
little
I
have
few
books.
I
have
a
few
books.
I
have
little
milk.
I
have
a
little
milk.
我没有书
我有一些书
我没有牛奶
我有一些牛奶
7.1
some/any/few/little
2.2不可数名词
辨析few/a
few/little/a
little
little/a
little【U】few/a
few【C】复数
few/little表示否定概念，翻译成“没有”
a
little/a
few表示肯定概念，翻译成“一些”
7.1
some/any/few/little
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
这两个答案都对
Both
are
right.
Both
of
the
answers
are
right.
作主语
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
他们两人喜欢吃米饭
Both?them?enjoy?the?rice.
of
他们两个任意一个都行
Either
(of
them)
is
OK.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
他们两个都不行
Neither
(of
them)
OK.
is/isn't/are/are't
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
我都读了，我不知道这两本书哪个更好。?
I?don't?know?which?book?is?the?better；I?shall?read?both.
作宾语
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
我两个都不喜欢
I?like
neither
=I
don't
like
both.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
作定语
两个答案都对
Both?answers?are?right.?
河的两边都有许多树
There?are?a?lot?of?trees
on?either?side?of?the?river.?
两个男孩儿都不打算去那里
Neither?boy?is?going?there.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
作同位语
你们俩今晚必须都过来一趟
You?must?both?come?over?this?evening.?
我们两个都来自中国。
We?are?both?from?China.
We
are
both
Chinese.
他帮助了我们两个人
He?helped?us?both.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
相关短语
both...?and...既...又...
either...?or...或者或者
neither...?nor...既不，也不
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
相关短语
Both?she?and?I?are?going?to?do?the?cleaning.
Mike?is?both?tall?and?handsome.?
In?the?program（节目）tonight（今晚）Mary?will?both?sing?and?dance.
You?may?either?stay?or?go.
Either?you?or?I?am?wrong.
He?neither?drinks?nor?smokes.?
Neither?he?nor?I?am?well-educated.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
补充
就近原则
There
be
Neither……nor……??
Either……or……??
Not……but……?
Whether……or……??
Not?only……but?also……
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
补充
就近原则
There?is?a?book?and?some?pencils?on?the?desk.???
=There?are?some?pencils?and?a?book?on?the?desk.???
Neither?you?nor?he?is?right.???
=?Neither?he?nor?you?are?right.???
Either?they?or?Jim?is?going?to?Shanghai?next?Saturday.???
=Either?Jim?or?they?are?going?to?shanghai?next?Saturday.???
Not?only?Ann?but?also?her?parents?stay?at?home?every?Sunday.
=?Not?only?Ann's?parents?but?also?she?stays?at?home?every?Sunday.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
补充
就远原则
as
well
as/together
with=and
apart
from
除了
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
All
所有的钱被花完了
All
of
the
money
has
been
spent.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
None
of
没有一个人（或事物）
none只能独立使用，在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语
None
of
them
is/are
in
the
classroom.
I
have
many
books,
but
none
is
interesting.
None
of
us
have/has
ever
been
abroad.
None
of
the
money
was
paid
to
me.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
None
of
没有一个人（或事物）
-How?many?students?are?there?in?the?room?
-None.?
-Is?there?any?water?in?the?cup?
-None.?
-How?much?money?do?you?have?on?you?
-None.
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
No
定语
None
在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语
独立使用
There
is
no
time
left.
Please
hurry
up.
They
had
no
reading
books
to
lend.
None?of?the?students?failed?the?examination.??
2.2不可数名词
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
7.3
each/every
2.2不可数名词
7.3
each/every
each
every
词性
a./pron.
a.
侧重
个体
整体
句中位置
句首/句中
句首
与of
可以
不可以
2.2不可数名词
7.3
each/every
each
every
词性
a./pron.
a.
侧重
个体
整体
句中位置
句首/句中
句首
与of
可以
不可以
Each
student
has
a
new
notebook.
每个学生都有一个新的笔记本。(强调每个)
Every
girl
has
a
new
dress.
所有女孩都有一条新连衣裙。(强调所有)
2.2不可数名词
7.3
each/every
each
every
词性
a./pron.
a.
侧重
个体
整体
句中位置
句首/句中
句首
与of
可以
不可以
They
each
like
the
Peppa
Pig.（作同位语）
Each
of
us
likes
our
English
teacher,
beacuse
she
is
kind
to
everyone.
7.4
one/ones
2.2不可数名词
7.4
one/ones
Hard（硬的）
beds
are
healthier
than
soft（软的）
ones.
We
can
lend
you
plastic（塑料的）
chairs
or
metal（金属的）
ones.
I
lost
my
old
camera（相机）;
this
is
a
new
one.
Two
heads
are
better
than
one.
两人智慧胜一人。
替代表泛指的复数名词，通常用
ones
替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用
one
2.2不可数名词
7.4
one/ones
补充
it/one
Can
you
lend
me
a
pen?—Sorry.
I
haven’t
got
one.
Can
I
borrow
your
pen?—Sorry，
I’m
using
it.
同类不同个
同一个
2.2不可数名词
7.4
one/ones
注意：若
one
前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词
I’m
looking
for
a
flat.
I’d
like
a
small
one
with
a
garden.
I’m
looking
for
a
flat.
I’d
like
one
with
a
garden.
不能说：a
one
with
a
garden.
This
pen
doesn’t
work.
I
must
buy
another
one.
7.5
another/the
other/
others/the
others
2.2不可数名词
7.5another/the
other/others/the
others
Word
Meaning
Other
其他的
Others
指剩余的另一些，并非全部=Other+n.复数
The
other
特指两个或两部分中的另一个或另一部分
The
others
在一定范围内，指剩余的全部=The
other+n.复数
Another
泛指同类事物中三者或三者以上中“另一个”
其他
2.2不可数名词
7.5another/the
other/others/the
others
Word
Meaning
Other
其他的
Others
指剩余的另一些，并非全部=Other+n.复数
Another
泛指同类事物中三者或三者以上中“另一个”
We
learn
Chinese,English,math
and
other
subjects.
Some
students
are
doing
homework,but
others
are
talking
loudly.
A
lot
of
people
are
in
the
park,
some
are
singing,others
are
dancing.
I
don’t
like
this
one,please
show
me
another.
Some......Others.......
一些....
另一些....
2.2不可数名词
7.5another/the
other/others/the
others
He
has
two
brothers,one
is
a
teacher,
the
other
is
a
docter.
One.....the
other.......一个...另一个...
There
are
48
students
in
our
class,some
work
hard,but
the
other
students
don’t.
There
are
48
students
in
our
class,some
work
hard,but
the
others
don’t.
Word
Meaning
The
other
特指两个或两部分中的另一个或另一部分
The
others
在一特定范围内，指剩余的全部=The
other+n.复数
2.2不可数名词
7.5another/the
other/others/the
others
补充
Another
I
want
to
have
another
apple.
=I
want
to
have
one
more
apple.
We
need
another
ten
chairs.
=We
need
ten
more/other
chairs.
①another+名词单数
=one
more+名词单数
②another+数词+名词复数
=数词+more/other+名词复数
7.6
a
number
of/a
great
deal
of
2.2不可数名词
7.6a
number
of/a
great
deal
of
Phrase
Meaning
a
lot
of
修饰[C]复数
[U]
lots
of
plenty
of
Phrase
Meaning
a
number
of
修饰[C]复数
large
numbers
of
a
great
deal
of
修饰[U]
2.2不可数名词
7.6a
number
of/a
great
deal
of
区分
a
number
of/the
number
of
number
of
the
students
is
very
large
in
our
school.
some
the
students
are
playing
football.
the
number
of
....的数量
7.7
复合不定代词
2.2不可数名词
7.7复合不定代词
概念
some/any/no/every+body/thing/time
疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句
肯定句
2.2不可数名词
7.7复合不定代词
用法
Something
goes
wrong,
doesn’t
it?
Can
you
tell
me
something
interesting?
Anything
is
OK.
Anybody
knows
the
answer.
Is
this
anybody’s
seat?
That
must
be
somebody
else’s
coat;
it
isn’t
mine.
复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数
复合不定代词+形容词
回顾
1.人称代词
2.物主代词
3.反身代词
4.it的指代
5.指示代词
6.疑问代词
7.不定代词
7.1
some/any/few/little
7.2
both/neither/either/all/none
7.3
each/every
7.4
one/ones
7.5
another/the
other/others/the
others
7.6
a
number
of/a
great
deal
of
7.7
复合不定代词