中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版（Go
for
it）八下U1
What's
the
matter知识点梳理
P1
language
goals
advice
advice
/?d'va?s/
n.建议，忠告，劝告，是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”“两条建议”“一些建议”可用：a
piece
of
advice；two
pieces
of
advice；some
advice。
P1
标题
What’s
the
matter?
What’s
the
matter？怎么了？该句用来询问对方所遇到的麻烦，或医生及护士询问病人身体情况，常与with
连用，后可跟sb./sth.，意为“某人/某物怎么了？”。eg：—What’s
the
matter(with
you)？
—I
lost
my
pen./
I
have
a
cold.“(你)怎么了？”各种常见表达：What’s
the
matter
(with
you)?＝What’s
the
trouble
(with
you)?＝What’s
the
problem
(with
you)?＝What’
s
wrong
(with
you)？＝What’s
up?＝What
happened?此类句型中，matter，problem
前需加定冠词the，trouble前可加the或形容词性物主代词；wrong
是形容词,其前不加任何修饰词。
matter
(n.)问题；事情matter（v.）要紧；有关系
，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中It
doesn't
matter
.没关系；不要紧，一般用于回答对方的道歉，此时等于That's
OK./That's
all
right./All
right.no
matter
无论
+由when、where、who、how等引导的从句。eg:
Don’t
open
the
door,
no
matter
who
comes.
P1
图片
have
a
stomachache
have
a
stomachache胃疼have
(vt.)
患（病）；遭受（病痛）have
表示此义时常用于结构“have
a/an+疾病名称”，表示患病或身体某部位不舒服have
a
cold
感冒
have
a
toothache
牙疼have
a
fever
发烧
have
a
headache
头疼
stomachache/'st?m?ke?k/
n.
胃痛；腹痛stomachache
是由名词stomach（胃；腹部）加ache（疼痛）构成的复合名词。eg:
Mary
has
a
stomachache.
“身体部位＋ache”构成疾病名称
headache
头痛 toothache
牙疼
backache
背痛
P1
1c
too
much
enough
enough
(adj.)足够的，充足的
enough+名词eg:
We
have
enough
money
to
buy
a
car.enough
(adv.)足够地，充分地
副词/形容词+enougheg:She
is
brave
enough
to
fight
with
the
robber.
P2
2b
lie
lie
(n.)
谎言
tell
a
lie
说谎lie/la?/
v.躺，平躺
lie
down
躺下规则是说谎(lie-lied-lied)，不规则是躺(lie-lay-lain)。躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。lie
about
sth.
to
sb.
就某事对某人说谎
P2
2c
feel
feel/fi?l/
v.摸起来feel常用作系动词，其后跟形容词作表语。其主要用法有：①表示某物摸起来给人的感觉，通常要以被摸之物作主语，不可用于进行时态。eg：Your
hand
feels
cold.
Silk
feels
soft
and
smooth.②表示某人的感觉，以人作主语，可用于进行时态。eg：I
feel
fine./
I’m
feeling
fine.He
feels
/is
feeling
tired.
P2
2d
without
without/w?'?a?t/
prep.没有，缺乏without后接名词、代词宾格或v.?ing作宾语，其反义词为with。eg:
We
got
there
without
any
trouble.
She
left
the
room
without
saying
a
word.without
用于否定句，表示条件，意为“如果没有”，可与if引导的否定条件状语从句转换。eg:
We
can't
finish
the
work
without
your
help.
=We
can't
finish
the
work
if
you
don't
help
us.
P3
3a
see
see
sb.
doing
sth.看见某人正在做某事eg:
I
saw
him
playing
soccer
a
moment
ago.
see
sb.
do
sth.看见某人做了某事
eg:
Did
you
see
your
teacher
come
into
the
classroom?类似用法的词watch、hear、feel、notice、findwhen
引导时间状语从句，放在过去进行时构成的主句之后，表示“某事正在进行，这时另一件事情发生了”，相当于at
this/that
time。
eg：He
was
just
getting
into
the
shower
when
the
telephone
rang.
24-year-old
复合形容词的用法an
eight-thousand-word
report
a
five-month-old
baby若表示所属关系，名词可用复数，但需要去掉连字符并加所有格On
May
Day
we
have
a
three-day
holiday.On
May
Day
we
have
a
three
days'
holiday.
without
thinking
twice
without
thinking
twice
毫不犹豫地
get
off
get
off
下车
expect
expect
sb.
to
do
sth.期望/预料/希望某人做某事eg:I
didn't
expect
her
to
give
up
studying
English.expect
to
do
sth.预计/预料去做某事
eg:I
didn't
expect
to
meet
you
here.
to
one’s
surprise
to
one’s
surprise让某人吃惊的是，通常用作插入语，放在句首，用逗号与其他部分隔开。eg:
To
his
surprise,
the
plan
succeeded.
P3
3a
to
one’s
surprise
to
one’s+
表示感彩的名词，意为“令/
使某人……的是”。to
one’s
joy
令/
使某人高兴的是to
one’s
disappointment
令/
使某人失望的是to
one’s
satisfaction
令/
使某人满意的是
agree
to
agree
to同意、赞成
接表示提议、办法、计划、安排的名词、代词或动词原形
eg:They
agreed
to
solve
the
problem.agree
with
同意、赞成
后接表示人的名词或表示意见、看法的名词或代词做宾语
eg:Do
you
agree
with
us?agree
on
就......取得一致意见=agree
in
doing
sth.
指双方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议，后接表示某事或计划等eg:We
finally
agreed
on
the
price
for
the
house.
thanks
to
thanks
to(+名词/代词/动名词)
幸亏、多亏了......、由于......的帮助
,
相当于
because
of...
with
the
help
of...或with
one's
help...Thanks
to
my
teacher,
I
passed
the
exam.
Because
of
my
teacher,I
passed
the
exam.
With
the
help
of
my
teacher,I
passed
the
exam.
With
my
teacher's
help,I
passed
the
exam.
thanks
for=thank
you
for(+名词/代词/动名词)因......而感谢，强调感谢的原因。Thanks
for/Thank
you
for
your
invitation.Thanks
for/Thank
you
for
inviting
me
to
the
party.
in
timeon
time
in
time
及时，指按照规定的时间行事，不迟，尚有充裕的时间可做些别的事情。on
time
按时、准时，指正好在规定的时间内。
trouble/
trouble/'tr?bl/
n.问题；苦恼eg:
The
less
trouble,
the
better.（
谚）多一事不如少一事。trouble
作名词，常用作不可数，相当于difficulty。常用搭配：get
(sb.)
into
trouble（使某人）陷入困境have
trouble
/difficulty/problems
with
sth.=have
trouble
/difficulty/problems
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难ask
for
trouble
自寻烦恼
in
trouble
陷入困难trouble
作动词，表示“使烦恼，使忧虑；麻烦”。eg:
Could
I
trouble
you
to
open
the
door?
P3
3b
hit
hit
(v.)-hit-hit
(用手或器具)击；打，还可以表示“碰撞；撞击(身体部位)”hit
sb.
+on/in
+the
+
身体部位You
hit
me
on
the
back
of
the
head.He
hit
Tom
in
the
face.
right
away
right
away
马上；立刻，相当于at
once,
in
a
moment,
in
a
minuteeg:
Please
answer
my
question
right
away.
Don't
worry,
I'm
coming
at
once.
P4
语法
Should
情态动词should的意义及用法should“应当;应试”，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，后面接动词原形，其否定式是
shouldn’t，疑问式应把
should提前。具体用法如下:1.
should表示提出建议，意为“应该;应当”You
should
listen
to
music
when
you
are
tired.We
should
help
the
people
in
trouble.2
should表示可能性或判断、推测、推论。I
don＇t
know
who
should
speak
first.He
should
be
around
sixty
years.他应该60岁上下。3.
shouldn‘t用来表示責备或批评，意思是“不应该”You
shouldn’
t
spend
too
much
time
on
TV.4.
Should1?用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示。Should
I
buy
the
book
for
you?5.
should表示委婉客气地表达某种想法，意为“倒想;想I
should
advise
you
to
say
less
and
do
more..我想劝你少说多做。6.
should表示说话人的感情，如:惊奇、愤怒、失望等。It's
surprising
that
Mary
should
love
such
a
person
as
Jack.玛丽竟然发像杰克这样的人，真是奇怪7.
should是
shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用在间接引语中，用于征求对方的意见。Mr.
Wang
asked
if
he
should
get
his
visa
the
next
day.王先生问明天他是否可以拿到签证。8.
should用于疑问向中，表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会;竟然会;怎么会”的意思。How
should
I
know?我怎么会知道呢?Why
should
I
do
it?为什么要我做那件事呢?Should
she
do
such
a
thing?地会做这种事吗?9.
should用于虚拟语气中If
she
asked
me
tomorrow,I
should
do
it.假如她明天问我，我会做的。
反身代词
反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式，词尾加?self或?selves组成的。反身代词意为“本身”，为加强语气，也可翻译为“亲自”、“自己”。
P3
语法
反身代词
带有反身代词的固定搭配：enjoy
oneself
玩得高兴、过得愉快
help
oneself
to
请随便吃......lose
oneself
in
迷恋/沉醉于
(all)
by
oneself
独自地come
to
oneself
苏醒、恢复意识
teach
oneself=learn
by
oneself
自学用法作动词宾语或介词宾语eg:
The
boy
can
dress
himself.这个男孩能给自己穿衣服。
Take
good
care
of
yourself.
好好照顾你自己。作主语或宾语的同位语eg:
Mrs.
Black
herself
is
a
lawyer.布莱克夫人本人就是一名律师。
You
had
better
ask
the
driver
himself.你最好问司机本人。作表语
eg:
Just
be
yourself.
做你自己就好了反身代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词形成相互关系，在人称，性和数上保持一致。The
children
are
enjoying
themselves
in
the
park.
P6
2b
be
interested
in
be
interested
in
对......感兴趣，后接名词或动名词eg:
He
is
interested
in
the
story.
I
am
interested
in
reading
books.
as
as
作介词，“作为，当做”+n.作宾语eg:As
a
pupil,
you
should
study
hardas
作连词“像...一样；如...一样”引导方式状语从句eg:He
works
as
others
do.“因为；既然”引导原因状语从句eg:As
you
are
busy,let
me
do
it
instead.“当...时；一边...一边”引导时间状语从句eg:They
talked
as
they
walked.
be
used
to
be
used
to
习惯于做……适应于……,to
在此为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.-ing
形式。be
可以换成get
或become。eg:
He
is
used
to
getting
up
early.
他习惯于早起。（1）be
used
to
(doing)sth.
强调状态；
get/become
used
to
(doing)sth.
强调过程。（2）be
used
to
do
sth./for
doing
sth.
意为“被用于做某事”，是被动语态。eg:A
stamp
is
used
for
sending
letters.Wood
is
used
to
make
paper.（3）used
to
do
sth.“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。eg:
He
used
to
go
to
work
on
foot.
时间介词on,in,at
1.指日期
on
October
1st.2.指某天的某段时间
on
a
cold
winter
night3.指具体某天on
Sunday;
on
that
day
时间介词on4.指纪念日
on
your
birthday5.指节日
on
Teachers'
Day1.in
用于月份、季节、年代、世纪前in
June/autumn/1998/the
20th
century2.固定短语in
the
morning/afternoon/evening
时间介词in3.在短时间内（后）I'll
come
in
an
hour./
in
two
days1.用于确切的时间at
nine
o'clock2.固定短语at
noon/midnight3.在某时刻at
this
time
时间介词at4.指年龄
at
the
age
of
20
P6
2b
ran
outran
out
of
ran
out
(被)用完,不及物动词词组,不用于被动语态，以主动形式表被动主语通常是时间、金钱等无生命事物eg:
Our
time
is
running
out.
What
do
you
plan
to
do
when
your
money
runs
out?
ran
out
of用完;用光,及物动词词组,主语必须是人，相当于use
up,多用于进行时或完成时eg:I
have
run
out
of
my
money.通常是时间、金钱等无生命事物eg:
Our
time
is
running
out.
What
do
you
plan
to
do
when
your
money
runs
out?
die
It
is
reported
that
five
people
died
in
the
traffic
accident.His
father
has
been
dead
for
ten
years.His
father
died
ten
years
ago.This
is
a
dying
bird.The
death
of
her
mother
was
sudden.
so
that
so
that
以便，为了so
that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等。eg：We
went
early
so
that
we
could
get
good
seats.
so
that引导目的状语从句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可用“so
as
to(in
order
to)＋动词原形”转化为简单句。eg：He
got
up
early
so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.
＝He
got
up
early
in
order
to/so
as
to
catch
the
early
bus.so
that还可以与in
order
that互换。eg：He
worked
day
and
night
so
that/in
order
that
he
could
succeed.
P6
2b
called
called称作，call的过去分词，相当于形容词，也可用named.called或named
与后面的名词一起构成过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。eg:
This
is
a
boy
called
Tom.be
called/named
还可以用作谓语eg:
This
flower
is
called/named
“rose”.call/name+宾语+宾语补足语
call的意思是称作；name
的意思是取名；命名；说出名字eg:
His
mother
names
him
John.
mean
mean
(v.)意思是(vt.)，打算，意欲（vi.）mean
doing
意味着
mean
to
do
打算；意图；企图eg:
Success
means
working
very
hard.
I
don't
know
what
do
you
mean.
I
mean
to
see
you
off
tomorrow.meaning
(n.)意思(可数/不可数)eg:
It
doesn't
seem
to
have
much
meaning.
The
word
has
many
meanings.means
(n.)方式/方法/手段(单复同形)eg:
There
are
no
means
of
getting
there.
decision
decision
/d?'s??n/
n.决定；抉择decision常用于短语make
a
decision/decisions意为“作决定”。make
a
decision
to
do
sth.＝decide
to
do
sth.＝make
up
one's
mind
to
do
sth.决定做某事。eg:
He
made
a
decision/decided
to
go
to
New
York
finally.
be
in
control
of
be
in
control
of
掌管；管理A
teacher
must
be
in
control
of
his
class.be
out
of
control
无法管理/失去控制be
under
control
在控制中/被控制住The
car
was
out
of
control
and
hit
a
tree
by
the
road.
keep
on
doing
sth.
keep
on
doing
sth.
继续或坚持做某事keep
on
doing
sth.
强调继续或重复做某事，中间有间隔。eg:
Don’t
keep
on
interrupting
me.
别老是跟我打岔。（1）keep
doing
sth.
一直做某事，强调动作持续不间断，无停顿。eg:
Keep
smiling.
保持微笑。（2）keep
sb.doing
sth.
让某人一直做某事eg:
I’m
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.对不起让你久等了。（3）keep
sb.
from
doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事eg:
You
shouldn’t
keep
him
from
watching
cartoons.你不该阻止他看动片。
P7
2e
mind
mind
做动词时“介意；反对”+doingWould/Do
you
mind
doing
sth.?(某人做某事你介意吗)Would
you
mind
closing
the
door?Would/Do
you
mind
+人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词+doing
sth.?(某人做某事你介意吗)Would
you
mind
me/my
closing
the
window?Would/Do
you
mind
+if
从句?(你是否介意......)Do
you
mind
if
I
close
the
window?change
one's
mind
改变主意make
up
one's
mind
下定决心keep
in
one’s
mind
牢记in
one’s
mind
在某人的脑海中
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U1
What's
the
matter？
知识点讲解
人教版八年级下册
advice
/?d'va?s/
n.建议，忠告，劝告，是不可数名词，
表示“一条建议”“两条建议”“一些建议”可用：
a
piece
of
advice；two
pieces
of
advice；some
advice。
ask
sb.for
advice
征询某人的建议
give
sb.
some
advice＝
give
some
advice
to
sb.
给某人提出一些建议
give
advice
on
sth.
在某方面给出建议
take(follow)
one’s
advice
接受某人的建议
What’s
the
matter？怎么了？
该句用来询问对方所遇到的麻烦，或医生及护士询问病人身体情况，常与with
连用，后可跟sb./sth.，意为“某人/某物怎么了？”。
eg：—What’s
the
matter(with
you)？
—I
lost
my
pen./
I
have
a
cold.
“(你)怎么了？”各种常见表达：
What’s
the
matter
(with
you)?
＝What’s
the
trouble
(with
you)?
＝What’s
the
problem
(with
you)?
＝What’
s
wrong
(with
you)？＝What’s
up?
＝What
happened?
此类句型中，matter，problem
前需加定冠词the，
trouble前可加the或形容词性物主代词；
wrong
是形容词,其前不加任何修饰词。
matter
(n.)问题；事情
matter（v.）要紧；有关系
，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中
It
doesn't
matter
.没关系；不要紧，一般用于回答对方的道歉，
此时等于That's
OK./That's
all
right./All
right.
no
matter
无论
+由when、where、who、how等引导的从句。
eg:
Don’t
open
the
door,
no
matter
who
comes.
have
a
stomachache胃疼
have
vt.
患（病）；遭受（病痛）
have
表示此义时常用于结构“have
a/an+疾病名称”，表示患病或身体某部位不舒服
have
a
cold
感冒
have
a
toothache
牙疼
have
a
fever
发烧
have
a
headache
头疼
stomachache/'st?m?ke?k/
n.
胃痛；腹痛
stomachache
是由名词stomach（胃；腹部）加ache（疼痛）构成的复合名词。
eg:
Mary
has
a
stomachache.
“身体部位＋ache”构成疾病名称
headache
头痛 toothache
牙疼
backache
背痛
much
too
太
关键词为too，修饰
形容词/副词
This
dish
is
much
too
salty.
too
much
太多(的)
关键词为much，修饰不可数名词/动词
Today
I
have
too
much
homework
to
do.
Don't
speak
too
much
at
the
meeting.
too
many
太多的
关键词为many，
修饰复数名词
I
have
too
many
questions
to
ask.
so
many
如此多
关键词为many,修饰复数名词
There
are
so
many
cars
in
the
street
here.
so
much
如此多
关键词为muh修
饰不可数名词
There
was
so
much
food
that
we
couldn＇t
eat
it
all.
enough
(adj.)足够的，充足的
enough+名词
eg:
We
have
enough
money
to
buy
a
car.
enough
(adv.)足够地，充分地
副词/形容词+enough
eg:She
is
brave
enough
to
fight
with
the
robber.
lie
(n.)
谎言
tell
a
lie
说谎
lie/la?/
v.躺，平躺
lie
down
躺下
规则是说谎(lie-lied-lied)，
不规则是躺(lie-lay-lain)。
躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。
lie
about
sth.
to
sb.
就某事对某人说谎
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
vi.
躺；位于
lay
lain
lying
lie
vi.
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lay
vt.
放置；下蛋
laid
laid
laying
feel/fi?l/
v.摸起来
feel常用作系动词，其后跟形容词作表语。其主要用法有：
①表示某物摸起来给人的感觉，通常要以被摸之物作主语，
不可用于进行时态。
eg：Your
hand
feels
cold.
Silk
feels
soft
and
smooth.
②表示某人的感觉，以人作主语，可用于进行时态。
eg：I
feel
fine./
I’m
feeling
fine.
He
feels
/is
feeling
tired.
without/w?'?a?t/
prep.没有，缺乏
without后接名词、代词宾格或v.?ing作宾语，其反义词为with。
eg:
We
got
there
without
any
trouble.
She
left
the
room
without
saying
a
word.
without
用于否定句，表示条件，意为“如果没有”，可与if引导的否定条件状语从句转换。
eg:
We
can't
finish
the
work
without
your
help.
=We
can't
finish
the
work
if
you
don't
help
us.
see
sb.
doing
sth.看见某人正在做某事
eg:
I
saw
him
playing
soccer
a
moment
ago.
see
sb.
do
sth.看见某人做了某事
eg:
Did
you
see
your
teacher
come
into
the
classroom?
类似用法的词watch、hear、feel、notice、find
when
引导时间状语从句，放在过去进行时构成的主句之后，表示“某事正在进行，这时另一件事情发生了”，相当于at
this/that
time。
eg：He
was
just
getting
into
the
shower
when
the
telephone
rang.
复合形容词的用法
an
eight-thousand-word
report
a
five-month-old
baby
若表示所属关系，名词可用复数，但需要去掉连字符并加所有格
On
May
Day
we
have
a
three-day
holiday.
On
May
Day
we
have
a
three
days'
holiday.
without
thinking
twice
毫不犹豫地
get
off
下车
get
on
上（公共汽车）
get
off
下（公共汽车）
get
into
上（小汽车）
get
out
of
下（小汽车）
expect
sb.
to
do
sth.
期望/预料/希望某人做某事
I
didn't
expect
her
to
give
up
studying
English.
expect
to
do
sth.
预计/预料去做某事
I
didn't
expect
to
meet
you
here.
expect
，侧重于相信或认为有可能实现的愿望
wish
，常用来描述不可能或可能性较小的事情
hope
来描述可能性较大的事情
to
one’s
surprise让某人吃惊的是，通常用作插入语，放在句首，用逗号与其他部分隔开。
eg:
To
his
surprise,
the
plan
succeeded.
surprise
动词
surprise
sb.
名词
to
one’s
surprise,
give
sb.
a
surprise,
in
surprise
surprising
形容词
常修饰物，意为“令人惊讶的”
常用人作主语，意为“感
到惊讶的”
surprised
to
one’s+
表示感彩的名词，意为“令/
使某人……的是”。
to
one’s
joy
令/
使某人高兴的是
to
one’s
disappointment
令/
使某人失望的是
to
one’s
satisfaction
令/
使某人满意的是
agree
to同意、赞成
接表示提议、办法、计划、安排的名词、代词或动词原形
eg:They
agreed
to
solve
the
problem.
agree
with
同意、赞成
后接表示人的名词或表示意见、看法的名词或代词做宾语
eg:Do
you
agree
with
us?
agree
on
就......取得一致意见=agree
in
doing
sth.
指双方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议，后接表示某事或计划等
eg:We
finally
agreed
on
the
price
for
the
house.
thanks
to(+名词/代词/动名词)
幸亏、多亏了......、由于......的帮助
,
相当于
because
of...
with
the
help
of...或with
one's
help...
Thanks
to
my
teacher,
I
passed
the
exam.
Because
of
my
teacher,I
passed
the
exam.
With
the
help
of
my
teacher,I
passed
the
exam.
With
my
teacher's
help,I
passed
the
exam.
thanks
for=thank
you
for(+名词/代词/动名词)
因......而感谢，强调感谢的原因。
Thanks
for/Thank
you
for
your
invitation.
Thanks
for/Thank
you
for
inviting
me
to
the
party.
in
time
及时，指按照规定的时间行事，不迟，尚有充裕的时间可做些别的事情。
on
time
按时、准时，指正好在规定的时间内。
trouble/'tr?bl/
n.问题；苦恼
eg:
The
less
trouble,
the
better.（
谚）多一事不如少一事。
trouble
作名词，常用作不可数，相当于difficulty。
常用搭配：
get
(sb.)
into
trouble（使某人）陷入困境
have
trouble
/difficulty/problems
with
sth.
=have
trouble
/difficulty/problems
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
ask
for
trouble
自寻烦恼
in
trouble
陷入困难
trouble
作动词，表示“使烦恼，使忧虑；麻烦”。
eg:
Could
I
trouble
you
to
open
the
door?
hit
(v.)-hit-hit
(用手或器具)击；打，还可以表示“碰撞；撞击(身体部位)”
hit
sb.
+on/in
+the
+
身体部位
You
hit
me
on
the
back
of
the
head.
He
hit
Tom
in
the
face.
right
away
马上；立刻，相当于at
once,
in
a
moment,
in
a
minute
eg:
Please
answer
my
question
right
away.
Don't
worry,
I'm
coming
at
once.
情态动词should的意义及用法
should“应当;应试”，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，后面接动词原形，其否定式是
shouldn＇t，疑问式应把
should提前。具体用法如下:
1.
should表示提出建议，意为“应该;应当”
You
should
listen
to
music
when
you
are
tired.
We
should
help
the
people
in
trouble.
2
should表示可能性或判断、推测、推论。
I
don＇t
know
who
should
speak
first.
He
should
be
around
sixty
years.他应该60岁上下。
3.
shouldn‘t用来表示責备或批评，意思是“不应该”
You
shouldn’
t
spend
too
much
time
on
TV.
4.
Should1?用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示。
Should
I
buy
the
book
for
you?
5.
should表示委婉客气地表达某种想法，意为“倒想;想
I
should
advise
you
to
say
less
and
do
more..我想劝你少说多做。
6.
should表示说话人的感情，如:惊奇、愤怒、失望等。
It's
surprising
that
Mary
should
love
such
a
person
as
Jack.
玛丽竟然发像杰克这样的人，真是奇怪
7.
should是
shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用在间接引语中，用于征求对方的意见。
Mr.
Wang
asked
if
he
should
get
his
visa
the
next
day.
王先生问明天他是否可以拿到签证。
8.
should用于疑问向中，表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会;竟然会;怎么会”的意思。
How
should
I
know?我怎么会知道呢?
Why
should
I
do
it?为什么要我做那件事呢?
Should
she
do
such
a
thing?地会做这种事吗?
9.
should用于虚拟语气中
If
she
asked
me
tomorrow,I
should
do
it.
假如她明天问我，我会做的。
反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式，词尾加?self或?selves组成的。反身代词意为“本身”，为加强语气，也可翻译为“亲自”、“自己”。
带有反身代词的固定搭配：
enjoy
oneself
玩得高兴、过得愉快
help
oneself
to
请随便吃......
lose
oneself
in
迷恋/沉醉于
(all)
by
oneself
独自地
come
to
oneself
苏醒、恢复意识
teach
oneself=learn
by
oneself
自学
用法
作动词宾语或介词宾语
eg:
The
boy
can
dress
himself.这个男孩能给自己穿衣服。
Take
good
care
of
yourself.
好好照顾你自己。
作主语或宾语的同位语
eg:
Mrs.
Black
herself
is
a
lawyer.布莱克夫人本人就是一名律师。
You
had
better
ask
the
driver
himself.你最好问司机本人。
作表语
eg:
Just
be
yourself.
做你自己就好了
反身代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词形成相互关系，在人称，性和数上保持一致。
The
children
are
enjoying
themselves
in
the
park.
数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself，herself,
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
be
interested
in
对......感兴趣，后接名词或动名词
eg:
He
is
interested
in
the
story.
I
am
interested
in
reading
books.
as
作介词，“作为，当做”+n.作宾语
eg:As
a
pupil,
you
should
study
hard
as
作连词
“像...一样；如...一样”引导方式状语从句
eg:He
works
as
others
do.
“因为；既然”引导原因状语从句
eg:As
you
are
busy,let
me
do
it
instead.
“当...时；一边...一边”引导时间状语从句
eg:They
talked
as
they
walked.
be
used
to
习惯于做……适应于……,to
在此为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.-ing
形式。be
可以换成get
或become。
eg:
He
is
used
to
getting
up
early.
他习惯于早起。
（1）be
used
to
(doing)sth.
强调状态；
get/become
used
to
(doing)sth.
强调过程。
（2）be
used
to
do
sth./for
doing
sth.
意为“被用于做某事”，是被动语态。
eg:A
stamp
is
used
for
sending
letters.
eg:Wood
is
used
to
make
paper.
（3）used
to
do
sth.“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。
eg:
He
used
to
go
to
work
on
foot.
.
1.指日期
on
October
1st.
2.指某天的某段时间
on
a
cold
winter
night
3.指具体某天on
Sunday;
on
that
day
时间介词on
4.指纪念日
on
your
birthday
5.指节日
on
Teachers'
Day
1.in
用于月份、季节、年代、世纪前
in
June/autumn/1998/the
20th
century
2.固定短语
in
the
morning/afternoon/evening
时间介词in
3.在短时间内（后）
I'll
come
in
an
hour./
in
two
days
1.用于确切的时间at
nine
o'clock
2.固定短语at
noon/midnight
3.在某时刻at
this
time
时间介词at
4.指年龄
at
the
age
of
20
.
ran
out
(被)用完,不及物动词词组,不用于被动语态，以主动形式表被动主语通常是时间、金钱等无生命事物
eg:
Our
time
is
running
out.
What
do
you
plan
to
do
when
your
money
runs
out?
ran
out
of用完;用光,及物动词词组,主语必须是人，
相当于use
up,多用于进行时或完成时
eg:I
have
run
out
of
my
money.
.
It
is
reported
that
five
people
died
in
the
traffic
accident.
His
father
has
been
dead
for
ten
years.
His
father
died
ten
years
ago.
This
is
a
dying
bird.
The
death
of
her
mother
was
sudden.
.
die
动词，“死，死亡”，非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用
dead
形容词，“死的，无生命的”，表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，表达“死了多长时间”用have/has
been
dead
for
+时间段；或“died
+时间段+ago”
dying
die的现在分词，作定语或表语，“垂死的；要死的”
death
名词“死；死亡”在句中做主语或宾语。
so
that
以便，为了
so
that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等。
eg：We
went
early
so
that
we
could
get
good
seats.
so
that引导目的状语从句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可用“so
as
to(in
order
to)＋动词原形”转化为简单句。
eg：He
got
up
early
so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.
＝He
got
up
early
in
order
to/so
as
to
catch
the
early
bus.
so
that还可以与in
order
that互换。
eg：He
worked
day
and
night
so
that/in
order
that
he
could
succeed.
.
called称作，call的过去分词，相当于形容词，也可用named.
called或named
与后面的名词一起构成过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。
eg:
This
is
a
boy
called
Tom.
be
called/named
还可以用作谓语
eg:
This
flower
is
called/named
“rose”.
call/name+宾语+宾语补足语
call的意思是称作；name
的意思是取名；命名；说出名字
eg:
His
mother
names
him
John.
.
mean
(v.)意思是(vt.)，打算，意欲（vi.）
mean
doing
意味着
mean
to
do
打算；意图；企图
eg:
Success
means
working
very
hard.
I
don't
know
what
do
you
mean.
I
mean
to
see
you
off
tomorrow.
meaning
(n.)意思(可数/不可数)
eg:
It
doesn't
seem
to
have
much
meaning.
The
word
has
many
meanings.
means
(n.)方式/方法/手段(单复同形)
eg:
There
are
no
means
of
getting
there.
.
decision
/d?'s??n/
n.决定；抉择
decision常用于短语make
a
decision/decisions意为“作决定”。make
a
decision
to
do
sth.＝decide
to
do
sth.
＝make
up
one's
mind
to
do
sth.决定做某事。
eg:
He
made
a
decision/decided
to
go
to
New
York
finally.
.
be
in
control
of
掌管；管理
A
teacher
must
be
in
control
of
his
class.
be
out
of
control
无法管理/失去控制
be
under
control
在控制中/被控制住
The
car
was
out
of
control
and
hit
a
tree
by
the
road.
.
keep
on
doing
sth.
继续或坚持做某事
keep
on
doing
sth.
强调继续或重复做某事，中间有间隔。
eg:
Don’t
keep
on
interrupting
me.
别老是跟我打岔。
（1）keep
doing
sth.
一直做某事，强调动作持续不间断，无停顿。
eg:
Keep
smiling.
保持微笑。
（2）keep
sb.doing
sth.
让某人一直做某事
eg:
I’m
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.
对不起让你久等了。
（3）keep
sb.
from
doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事
eg:
You
shouldn’t
keep
him
from
watching
cartoons.
你不该阻止他看动画片。
.
mind
做动词时“介意；反对”+doing
Would/Do
you
mind
doing
sth.?
(某人做某事你介意吗)
Would
you
mind
closing
the
door?
Would/Do
you
mind
+人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词+doing
sth.?(某人做某事你介意吗)
Would
you
mind
me/my
closing
the
window?
Would/Do
you
mind
+if
从句?(你是否介意......)
Do
you
mind
if
I
close
the
window?
change
one's
mind
改变主意
make
up
one's
mind
下定决心
keep
in
one’s
mind
牢记
in
one’s
mind
在某人的脑海中
谢谢
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