2021年中考复习人教版第二篇第二部分第27讲代词课件(60张PPT)

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名称 2021年中考复习人教版第二篇第二部分第27讲代词课件(60张PPT)
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更新时间 2021-03-17 13:35:47

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第27讲 代 词
第二部分 语法
这一讲要求掌握人称代词各种格的形式及用法,掌握形容词性和名词性物主代词的区别和用法,掌握反身代词的用法,熟练掌握指示代词、不定代词、复合不定代词、疑问代词的用法,以及用 it 表示物、自然现象、时间、距离的用法。
一、人称代词
1. 人称代词的格: 人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。主格常作主语、表语,宾格常作宾语。例如:
He played basketball with his brother.(主语)
It’s she .(表语)
I teach him English.(宾语)
2. 人称代词用在引导比较状语从句的 than/as 之后,用主格和宾格形式都可以。例如:
I can run faster than he/him .

八、it 的用法
1. 动物和无生命的事物一般用 it 来表示,但如果要强调动物的性别时也可以用 she(her),he(him)来表示。例如:
I have a cat. She is my friend. 我有一只猫。她是我的朋友。
2. it 作主语,可以表示时间、距离和自然现象。例如:
It’s five past six. 现在是6点过5分。
It’s 100 metres from my home to school. 从我家到学校有100米的路程。
It is a cold day today. 今天天气寒冷。
注意: rain, snow 作名词时,不能用 it 作主语。例如:
There was no snow yesterday. 昨天没有下雪。

3. 人称代词作并列主语时的排列顺序:
(1)单数的排列: you and I;you, he and I, I 放在最后。但在承认错误时,I 放在其他人称代词的前面。例如:
I and he broke the window yesterday.
(2)复数的排列: we and you; we and they; we, you and they。
二、物主代词
物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
1. 形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰名词。形容词性物主代词还可以和 own 连用。例如:
My cat is white. 我的猫是白色的。
His dog is white, too. 他的狗也是白色的。
This is a house of his own. 这是他自己的房子。
2. 名词性物主代词在句中作主语、表语或宾语,相当于在对应的形容词性物主代词后加上名词。例如:
My pen is red, but hers is yellow.(作主语,hers=her pen)我的钢笔是红色的,但是她的钢笔是黄色的。
These books are mine. (作表语,mine=my books)这些书是我的。
My bike is broken. May I use yours? (作宾语,yours=your bike)我的自行车坏了。我可以用你的(自行车)吗?
三、反身代词
1. 作动词或介词的宾语。例如:
I teach myself English. 我自学英语。
She is looking at herself in the mirror. 她正看着镜中的自己。
2. 作主语或宾语的同位语,位于名词或代词之后,或位于句末。例如:
I myself repaired the car.=I repaired the car myself. 我自己修理汽车。
3. 用于某些惯用词组。例如:
We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 我们在派对上玩得很开心。
Help yourself to some cakes. 请吃点蛋糕。
4. “by +反身代词”意为“独立地,单独地”,相当于 without help 或 alone。例如:
I can cook by myself. 我能自己做饭。
四、指示代词
指示代词包括: this, that, these, those。
五、疑问代词
疑问代词包括: who, whom, what, whose, which。
六、关系代词
关系代词包括: whom, who, whose, which, that。关系代词可用来引导定语从句。
七、不定代词
不定代词是代词中较难掌握的一种。主要有 all, every, each, both, some, any, many, much, one, either, neither, other, another, no, none, few, little 等,以及复合不定代词 something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody 等。
一些常见的不定代词的用法如下:
1. 由 every, some, any, no 与 one, body, thing 构成的复合代词通常只有单数形式,谓语动词用单数,修饰这类词的形容词要后置。例如:
Do you want something else? 你还想要些别的什么吗?
There is nothing important. 没有什么重要的事。
2. every 和 each 的区别和用法。(详见本书第27讲“词语辨析”)
3. one 与 it 的区别和用法。
one 常代替前面出现过的可数名词,表示泛指,相当于“a/an+单数名词”。例如:
My watch is broken. I need to buy one.(one = a watch)我的手表坏了,我得买一块。
it 常代替前面出现过的不可数名词或单数名词,表示特指,相当于“限定词+单数名词”。例如:
—Are you using your pen? 你正在用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes, I’m using it now. 是的,我正在用。
4. few, a few 与 little, a little 的区别及用法。(详见本书第27讲“词语辨析”)
5. another, other, the other, others, the others 的区别及用法。
(1)another 意为“又一,再一”,修饰单数名词,泛指不定数目中的“另一个”。例如:
This shirt is too small for me. Please show me another one. 这件衬衫太小了,请帮我拿另一件。
(2)other 意为“其余的”,其复数形式为 others。 others 常与 some 连用,构成“some...the others”结构。例如:
There are 42 students in our class. Some are from Guilin, the others are from Nanning. 我们班有42名学生。一些来自桂林,另一些来自南宁。
(3)the other 意为“两个当中的另一个”,常与 one 连用,构成“one...the other”结构。 the others 表示特定范围内“其他的人或物”。 the others=“the other+名词复数形式”。例如:
I have two cats. One is white, the other is black. 我有两只小猫。一只是白色的,另一只是黑色的。
There are 42 students in our class. 24 are boys, the others(=the other students) are girls. 我们班有42名学生,其中有24名男生,其余是女生。

6. none, no one, nobody, nothing, no 的区别和用法。
(1)none 用于指人或物,表示“(三者或三者以上)都不”,相当于 all 的否定,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,常与 of 连用。作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。例如:
They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest. 他们都很累了,但是没有一个人愿意停下来休息。
(2)no one 与 nobody 只能指人,不能与 of 连用。作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。例如:
No one likes a person with bad manners. 没人喜欢没有礼貌的人。
Nobody is happy all the time, but we should try to be happy as often as possible. 没有人会一直快乐,但是我们应该尽可能多快乐一些。
(3)nothing 指“没有东西”或“没有什么”,相当于 not anything。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart in it. 如果你用心,没有什么是困难的。
(4)no 为形容词,表示“没有”,等于 not any/ not a (an)。例如:
He has no money. = He doesn’t have any money. 他没有钱。
7. both,neither,either,all 的区别及用法。(详见本书第27讲“词语辨析”)
八、it 的用法
1. 动物和无生命的事物一般用 it 来表示,但如果要强调动物的性别时也可以用 she(her),he(him)来表示。例如:
I have a cat. She is my friend. 我有一只猫。她是我的朋友。
2. it 作主语,可以表示时间、距离和自然现象。例如:
It’s five past six. 现在是6点过5分。
It’s 100 metres from my home to school. 从我家到学校有100米的路程。
It is a cold day today. 今天天气寒冷。
注意: rain, snow 作名词时,不能用 it 作主语。例如:
There was no snow yesterday. 昨天没有下雪。
We had much rain last month. 上个月降雨量很大。
3. 代替刚提到的事物。例如:
—What’s that in English? 那个用英语怎么说?
—It’s a cat. 是一只猫。
4. 作形式主语或宾语。例如:
It took me three hours to finish the work yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时完成工作。(作形式主语)
I found it useful to learn English. 我发现学习英语很有用。(作形式宾语)
{5FD0F851-EC5A-4D38-B0AD-8093EC10F338}考点盘点
1. 人称代词 2. 物主代词 3. 不定代词 4. 反身代词 5. 指示代词
命题聚焦
人称代词:主要考查人称代词主格、宾格的用法。
物主代词: 主要考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。
不定代词: 主要考查复合不定代词在疑问句、肯定句、否定句中的使用;形容词修饰不定代词时形容词的位置;few, a few, little, a little的区别及用法;both,neither,either,all的区别及用法。
反身代词:主要考查在句中作主语、宾语、同位语等成分;与其他的词语构成固定短语。
指示代词:主要考查单数和复数的用法。
例1 —Susan, is that watch on the desk ?
—No, it isn’t watch. It must be Brian’s.
A. yours; my B. your; mine
C. your; my D. yours; mine
(2020年广西玉林市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别。第一空后无名词,应用名词性物主代词 yours 表示“你的”; 第二空后有名词 watch,应用形容词性物主代词 your。句意:——苏珊,桌子上的手表是你的吗?——不,不是我的手表,一定是布莱恩的。故答案选 A。
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例2 We enjoyed at the English party last weekend.
A. us B. our
C. ours D. ourselves
(2020年广西百色市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查反身代词的用法。 enjoy oneself 是固定搭配,表示“过得快乐, 玩得开心”,由主语 we 可知此处要用 ourselves。句意:上周末我们在英语晚会上玩得很开心。故答案选 D。
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例3 The wild animals are in danger now. Let’s protect .
A. they B. them
C. their D. theirs
(2020年重庆市 B 卷中考题)
【解析】 本题考查人称代词的用法。句意:野生动物现在处于危险之中,让我们保护它们。 they “他(她、它)们”,是人称代词主格;them “他(她、它)们”,是人称代词宾格;their “他(她、它)们的”,是形容词性物主代词;theirs “他(她、它)们的”,是名词性物主代词。句中动词 protect 作谓语,后面应接人称代词宾格作宾语。故答案选 B。
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例4 —This time, we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem.
—I agree. but we ourselves can find a way out.
A. Everybody B. Nobody
C. Somebody D. Anybody
(2020年安徽省中考题)
【解析】 本题考查不定代词辨析。 everybody “每个人”,一般用于肯定句中;nobody “没有人”,表示否定;somebody “某人”;anybody “任何人”,常用于否定句、疑问句或 if 条件句中。根据上一句句意“我们必须依靠自己来解决问题”可知,此处意为“除了我们自己,没有人能找到出路”, 应填 nobody。故答案选 B。
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例5 —Bob, when will you help me do a survey, today or tomorrow?
— is OK. I’m free these two days.
A. Both B. None
C. Either D. Neither
(2020年辽宁铁岭市、葫芦岛市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查不定代词的辨析。 both“两者都”;none “三者或三者以上都不”;either“两个中的任何一个”;neither“两者中任何一个都不”。根据 today or tomorrow 可知是在两者之中选择,又根据“I’m free these two days.”可知这两天选择哪天都可以,所以要用 either。句意:——鲍勃,你什么时候帮我做调查,今天还是明天?——两天中的任何一天都可以。我这两天有空。故答案选 C。
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例6 How delicious! Did the students make the fruit salad all by ?
A. they B. them
C. their D. themselves
(2020年江苏南京市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查反身代词的用法。句意:真美味呀!这些水果沙拉是学生们自己做的吗? all by oneself 意为“独自,单独地”,是固定短语。句子的主语是 the students,第三人称复数,因此反身代词用 themselves。故答案选 D。
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例7 —Lots of people like to give out Hongbao to each other on WeChat.
—That’s true. I’ve just received from my friend.
A. it B. that
C. one
(2020年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)
【解析】 本题考查不定代词辨析。 it 可以代替刚提到过的具体事物或情况,指代的是同一物品,指同类同物;that “那,那个” ,可以代替前面出现过的同种类事物;one 代替前面刚提到过的同一类人或物,但不是同一件,是泛指,指同类异物。句意:——很多人喜欢在微信上互相发红包。——是真的。我刚收到一个来自朋友的红包。上下文所指的“红包”并不是同一个,所以用 one 来代替。故答案选 C。
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例8 Did you do during the last summer vacation?
A. something special B. special something
C. anything special
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查不定代词的用法。在一般疑问句中应该用 anything;special “特别的”,是形容词,形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。句意:去年暑假你做了什么特别的事吗? 故答案选 C。
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例9 Some people are too shy to say a word in public. However, aren’t.
A. another B. the other
C. others D. the others
(2019年江苏淮安市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查不定代词的辨析。 another“又一,再一”,修饰单数名词,泛指不定数目中的“另一个”;the other“(两个中的)另一个”,常用于“one...the other...”的句型中;others=“other+复数名词”,others 只能作代词,常用来泛指;the others 是 the other 的复数形式,特指某一范围内“其余的人或物”,只作代词用,相当于 the other 加可数名词复数。根据上文 some people 可知,下文是指其他的人,表示泛指用 others。句意:有些人太害羞而不敢在公共场合说话。然而,其他的人不会。故答案选 C。
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例10 is unhealthy for us to go to school without eating breakfast in the morning.
A. That B. This
C. It
(2019年湖南湘潭市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查代词和固定句型的用法。分析本题的题干结构可知,本句的句型结构为 It is adj. for sb. to do sth.(对某人来说做某事是……的)。句中 it 作形式主语,后面的不定式才是真正的主语。句意:对我们来说,早上不吃早餐就去上学是不健康的。故答案选 C。
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1. Mr. Jackson is a popular writer, and we all like reading books.
A. his B. her
C. their D. your
(2020年北京市中考题)
2. I bought a present for . I hope you like .
A.your; this B. yours; that
C.you; it D. you; one
(2020年天津市中考题)
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3. Most parents think that it is the happiest thing to spend time with . children.
A.his B. our
C.your D. their
(2020年山东东营市中考题)
4. After-school activities help students gain more skills and teach to care about others.
A. me B. you
C. them
(2020年贵州安顺市中考题)
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5. —Is this your sweater, Frank?
—No. You can ask Tom, maybe it’s .
A.him B. his
C.her D. hers
(2020年湖北荆州市中考题)
6. —Mary and her classmates are busy preparing for their final examination.
—That’s why you can always see learning in the library.
A. them B. us
C.her
(2020年青海省中考题)
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7. This is my pet dog. name is Dingding.
A.Its B. It’s
C.It
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
8. —Maybe I can’t pass the English test this time, Mum.
—Don’t worry. Believe in .
A.it B. us
C. yourself D. yours
(2020年湖北襄阳市中考题)
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9. The family photos aren’t in room. It must be in .
A. my; his B. his; my
C. me; his
(2020年湖南岳阳市中考题)
10. —Judy, is that boy with glasses new classmate?
—Yes. Let’s say hello to .
A.we; he B. us; himself
C. ours; his D. our; him
(2020年贵州黔东南州中考题)
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11. Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches .
A.her B. herself
C.she
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
解析:动词 teaches 后用反身代词表示“自学”。
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12. friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture.
A. I B. Me
C. My D. Mine
(2020年上海市中考题)
13. We’re practicing spoken English. Would you like to join ?
A.me B. us
C. you D. them
(2020年辽宁抚顺市、本溪市、辽阳市中考题)
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14. —Oh, I forget to bring my umbrella.
—I’ve got . You can share .
A.it; my B. one; mine
C. it; I D. one; me
(2020年四川达州市中考题)
解析: one 指代提及过的同类物品,是泛指;it 指代提及过的同一个物品,是特指。第一空意为“我有一把伞”,是泛指,故填 one。第二空后没有名词,因此要用名词性物主代词 mine,相当于 my umbrella。
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15. The twins are so alike that even their father finds hard to tell them from each other.
A.it B. him
C.them
(2020年湖南长沙市中考题)
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16. —Take care while walking along the wet hill path(小径). You may fall and hurt .
—OK. Thanks for reminding me.
A.it B. you
C.yourself D. yourselves
(2020年山东东营市中考题)
解析:注意答语中的宾语是 me,故反身代词填单数形式 yourself。
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17. Boys and girls, you should look after when your parents are not at home.
A.himself B. herself
C.yourselves D. themselves
(2020年重庆市 A 卷中考题)
18. Li Lei and his cousin made some zongzi by during the Dragon Boat Festival.
A.them B. they
C.themselves
(2020年福建省中考题)
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19. I knocked at the door but answered. Maybe they went to the concert.
A.nobody B. somebody
C. everybody D. anybody
(2020年辽宁抚顺市、本溪市、辽阳市中考题)
20. —Who is at the door?
—A deliveryman(快递员) or wanting to sell his new products.
A. everybody B. anybody
C.somebody D. nobody
(2020年江苏泰州市中考题)
解析:问句询问谁在敲门,由答语“一个快递员或者想推销新产品的某人”可知,此处应填 somebody,空后的现在分词短语作不定代词的后置定语。
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21. Safety is very important for . So we must learn how to protect .
A.everyone; ourselves B. anyone; ourselves
C.everyone; us D. anyone; us
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
22. —Sally, I have exciting to tell you. We will go back to school soon.
—Great!
A.anything B. something
C.everything
(2020年湖北恩施州中考题)
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23. —Have you brought with you? We won’t have time to come back.
—Don’t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.
A. everything B. something
C. anything
(2020年四川乐山市中考题)
24. —When shall we go on a picnic, Saturday or Sunday?
— is OK. I’m free the whole weekend.
A. Neither B. All
C. Either D. Both
(2020年江苏淮安市中考题)
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25. —Don’t play games any more. There’s for you.
—OK, Mum.
A.nothing useful B. useful nothing
C.something useful
(2020年湖南郴州市中考题)
26. —Can you play volleyball or basketball?
— of them. I’m good at ball games.
A. Both B. Either
C. Neither D. None
(2020年浙江温州市中考题)
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27. The school offers two courses on computer technology. One is for beginners and is for those who already have some basic knowledge.
A. other B. another
C.the other
(2020年湖南长沙市中考题)
28. —What would you like, ice cream or apple juice?
— One for my sister and the other for myself.
A.Neither. B. All.
C.None. D. Both.
(2020年云南省中考题)
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29. —Although these were good students, of them had a score above 60 .
—I can’t believe it!
A.none B. no one
C.some D. all
(2020年湖北武汉市中考题)
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30. —What do we know about the next Olympic Games?
—Very . The only news is that they won’t cancel it.
A.a few B. few
C.a little D. little
(2020年江苏无锡市中考题)
解析:根据“The only news is...”可知没什么新闻,应用表示否定意义的词,排除 A 和 C 两项;news 为不可数名词,排除 B 项,故填 little。
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31. —Why do you live so far from school?
—The cost of renting (租) houses in central Huhhot is higher than in any other area of the city.
A.that B. those
C.it D. one
(2020年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考题)
解析: that 可代替前面出现过的不可数名词或单数名词,表示同种类事物,避免重复,those 是其复数形式;it 可以代替提到过的具体事物,指代的是上文提及的同一物品;one 代替前面提到过的同一类人或物,但不是同一个,是泛指。
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32. Julia is taller than in our class.
A.other student B. any other student
C.others students D. any other students
(2017年山东菏泽市中考题)
解析:此处是将茱莉亚和班上其他学生比较。“any other+单数名词”表示同一范围内一个事物与其他剩余的相比。
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33. Linda is a friend of .She is a doctor from England.
A.I B. me
C.mine D. my
34. —Can you speak German, Frank?
—Yes, but only .
A. little B. a little
C.few D. a few
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35. I’m expecting a new bicycle for long, but I haven’t got enough money to buy .
A.one B. it
C.this D. that
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1. —Did you do the homework ?
—Yes, I finished it on my own last night.
A.you B. your
C.yours D. yourself
(2020年广西梧州市中考题)
2. —Look at the umbrella. Whose is it?
—It may be Millie’s. umbrella is the same as this one.
A.She B. Her
C. Hers D. Herself
(2020年广西北部湾经济区Ⅱ卷中考题)
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3. The deaf girl often uses body language to show feelings.
A.her B. she
C.hers D. herself
(2020年广西河池市中考题)
4. You can ask some questions by telephone.
A.he B. him
C.his
(2020年广西桂林市中考题)
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5. We must protect wild animals because they are friends of .
A.ours B. our
C.us
(2020年广西柳州市二模试题)
解析:此处指动物是我们的朋友,因此 of 后应填 ours 来指代 our friends。
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6. —I tried many ways to solve the problem, but of them worked.
—Never give up. You’ll surely make it.
A.none B. all
C.either D. neither
(2020年广西贵港市二模试题)
解析:句中关键词 many 提示“我”尝试了不止两种方法,再由转折连词 but 可推知这些方法都不奏效,选项中表示三者或三者以上的否定的只有 none。
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7. —They won the basketball match yesterday.
—Great! We are so proud of .
A.they B. them
C.their D. theirs
(2019年广西百色市中考题)
8. Look! The woman over there is our teacher. She teaches English.
A.us B. them
C.her D. him
(2019年广西北部湾经济区六市同城中考题)
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9. Look! The boys are making the model boat by .
A.himself B. themselves
C.ourselves D. yourselves
(2019年广西河池市中考题)
10. —What did your sister buy for your mother on Mother’s Day?
— She made a card for her.
A.Nothing. B. Something.
C.Anything. D. Everything.
(2019年广西贵港市中考题)
解析: by oneself 意为“独自,单独地”,是固定短语。
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11. —Who is the girl under the tree?
—She is classmate, Annie.
A.I B. me
C.my
(2019年广西柳州市中考题)
12. —Are those keys, Jack?
—No, they aren’t. They’re Uncle .
A.yours; Sam’s B. your; Sam
C.your; Sam’s D. yours; Sam
(2019年广西玉林市中考题)
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13. —What would you like, meat or fish?
— I prefer chicken.
A.Either. B. Neither.
C.Both. D. Each.
(2018年广西玉林市中考题)
14. —What are you going to give for your mother’s birthday?
—I think I will buy her .
A.something special B. special something
C.anything special D. special anything
(2018年广西百色市中考题)
解析:形容词修饰不定代词时需要后置。
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