2021年中考英语复习语法精讲：数词和主谓一致课件（23张PPT，无音频）

语法精讲：数词和主谓一致
知识结构
【知识必备】
基数词变序数词的变化规则
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}基数词
序数词
数字写法
one
________
1st
two
________
2nd
three
________
3rd
five
________
5th
eight
________
8th
first
second
third
fifth
eighth
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}基数词
序数词
数字写法
nine
________
9th
twelve
twelfth
12th
twenty
________
20th
one hundred
one hundredth
100th
one hundred and one
one hundred and first
101st
ninth
twentieth
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
1.9 meters tall
five past six
six o'clock
ten to one
数词的不同表达
日期
确数
时刻
年用基数词，日期用序数词
基数词+度量单位+形容词、副词，表示计量
几点钟用基数词加o'clock
几点过几分，分钟小于等于30，用介词past
差几分到几点，分钟大于30，用介词to
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
in the 2020s
five years old
in my thirties
at the age of seven
数词的不同表达
顺序和编号
年代
年龄
序数词为与名词之前并加定冠词
基础词为与名词之后
in the +整十年份复数表示“在几世纪几十年代”
in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十多岁时”
基数词+years old
at the age of +基数词
(1)“基数词＋连字符＋名词”(＝形容词)作定语，名词用单数形式。
e.g.
a 10?meter?long bridge 一座10米长的桥
a ten?minute walk＝ten minutes’ walk 步行10分钟的路程
(2)“another＋基数词＋名词复数”＝基数词＋more＋名词复数。
e.g. another three students＝three more students 另外三个学生
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
(3)数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等词连用作主语，常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：
Ten dollars is enough to buy the book. 十美元足够买这本书了。
(4)分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母加“?s”；分数作主语时，谓语动词与分数所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
1. 表示顺序时，序数词前必须加the，其后接单数名词。
2. 序数词前若有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词，则不加the。
e.g.It's my first time to be here. 这是我第一次来这里。
3. 序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an，表示“又一，再一”，内含顺序性。
e.g. a third time 第三次
考点精讲
考点二 序数词
4. 序数词与基数词连用时，通常是序数词在前面。
e.g. the first three pages of the book 这本书的前三页
5. 序数词修饰谓语动词时，定冠词the省略。
e.g. The team ranks first in its country.
该队在其国家排名第一。
考点精讲
考点二 序数词
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
真题训练
1.【2020 ?辽宁丹东】The words from Page 1 to Page 3 are very clear. But the ones on the ________ page are not.
A. first B. two C. three D. fourth
2.【2020?湖北省恩施州】Among all these books, ________ of them are for children to read.
A．three fifth B．three fifths C．threes fifth
D
B
主谓一致
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
语法一致
意义一致
就近原则
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语成分
谓语
例句
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句
单数
What he said is very important for us all.
不定代词each, every, either, neither, everything, nobody等
Each of us has a new dictionary.
the number of/one of＋名词复数
The number of students in our class is 32.
“a pair/a kind＋of＋复数名词”
A pair of gloves is lying on the table.
1. 语法一致原则：单数主语谓语动词用单数，复数主语谓语动词用复数。
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语成分
谓语
例句
“pairs/ kinds＋of＋复数名词”
复数
Sixty pairs of socks are sold every week on average in the shop.
a number of＋名词复数
A number of trees are cut down.
and或both...and...连接的名词或代词
Both John and Mike are students.
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语成分
谓语
例句
主语后有with, along with, together with, as well as等修饰的名词或代词
取决
于主
语
Tom with his parents is watching TV.
a lot of(lots of/plenty of/most of)＋名词
Lots of people have been there.
分数或百分数＋of＋名词
Two thirds of the work has been finished.
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语成分
谓语
例句
集体名词(如：family/class/team /group/public等)
取决于主语的意义
His family is going to move to Beijing.(作为整体时，用单数)
The whole family are watching TV.(作家庭成员讲时，用复数)
2.意义一致原则：根据句子主语的意义，而不是主语的形式来确定谓语动词的单复数。
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语成分
谓语
例句
集合名词(如：people/police等)
复数
The police are helping the girl find her mother.
the ＋姓氏名词复数，表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”
The Blacks enjoy working in China.
the＋某些形容词，表示一类人
The young are energetic.
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语成分
谓语
例句
and连接并列主语，表示同一个人或物(即：and后面无冠词)
单数
A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in our school.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语
Two pounds isn’t so heavy.
Two months is a long holiday.
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
3.就近原则：谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语保持一致
(1)由either...or...，neither...nor...，not...only...but also...，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和距离较近的主语在数上保持一致。
e.g.
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
(2)There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
e.g. There is a glass of water and three apples on the table.
考点三 主谓一致
考点精讲
真题训练
考点精讲
考点三 主谓一致
1.【2020 ?辽宁丹东】Fresh water ________ more important than anything else.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2.【2020 ?上海市】There________more than two ways to solve this maths problem．
A．am B．is C．are D．be
A
C
提升训练
two　　hundred　　one　　year　　three thirty eighteen sixty last in
Born into a wealthy family in Jiangyin, Xu Xiake(1587—1641) became interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 1 ， however his father died, and so, it seemed, did his travelling dreams. At that time, his mother was already in her 2 . He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his old mother as tradition required.
But his mother had different ideas. Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for 3 months every year, when there was less farm work.
4 years had passed since his father died. So at the age of twenty and with his mother's support, Xu set off for the 5 time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 6 years. During this time, he travelled throughout the Ming kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through and recording his experiences and many discoveries in a diary. This diary, which once had over five 7 thousand words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
eighteen
sixties
three
Two
first
thirty
hundred
提升训练
two　　hundred　　one　　year　　three thirty eighteen sixty last in
Sadly Xu became seriously ill during his 8 and longest journey, a 4?year trip through the southwest of China. He died 9 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed 10 after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a traveling legend around the world.
last
in
years
Come on!
Where?there's a will there's a way.