2022届高三英语一轮复习人教版2019选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Looking into the future 分层训练（含答案）

Unit
2　Looking
into
the
future
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.We
can’t
　　　　(emphasis)
the
importance
of
doing
academic
research
in
the
colleges.?
2.There
was
no
　　　　(predict)
for
that
earthquake.?
3.The
outgoing
girl
finds
working
as
a
sports
reporter
is
her
favourite　　　　(occupy).?
4.Though
there
is
a
long
　　　　(distant)
between
Tom
and
his
family,
they
don’t
feel
distant.?
5.After
a
little
gentle
　　　　(persuade),Lisa
agreed
to
let
us
in.?
6.The
teacher
praised
him
for
his
working
　　　　(efficient)
in
organizing
the
conference.?
7.The
big
company
has
said
it
will
give
　　　　(prefer)
to
companies
with
which
it
can
do
business
honestly.?
8.He
talked
　　　　(constant)
about
his
work.?
Ⅱ.短语达标
1.The
lights
　　　　　　　　(开)
when
it
gets
dark.?
2.　　　　　　　　(缺乏)
actual
data,we
cannot
evaluate
the
result
is
objective.?
3.Last
year
the
hospital
founded
an
organization
to
help
people
suffering
heart
disease　　　　　　　　(与……保持联系)
each
other.?
4.　　　　　　　　(从这种意义上来说),his
words
still
hold
true.?
5.If
your
clothes
　　　　　　　　(着火),
stop
immediately.Drop
to
the
ground
and
roll.?
6.He
　　　　　　　　(记录)
every
money
he
spent.?
7.I
knew
　　　　　　　　(初期)
that
I
wasn’t
going
to
enjoy
it.?
8.You
don’t
　　　　　　　　(关心)
anything
but
yourself.?
Ⅲ.句式仿写
1.我一听到此消息便通知了你。(the
instant引导时间状语从句)
I
sent
you
the
news
　
.?
2.我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅油画的意义。(It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.)
　
the
meaning
of
the
painting.?
3.Susan向我表明她希望自己能过上新的生活。(make
it+adj.
+to
sb.+that...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.?
4.作为一名医生,我知道我最好改变我的饮食方式。(the
way引导定语从句)
As
a
doctor,I
know
I
have
to
change
　
.?
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
In
the
near
future,IOT(Internet
of
Things)
will
drive
huge
innovation(革新)
in
the
way
our
food
is
grown.Plants
will
have
a
“voice”,not
a
human
voice,but
a
voice
based
on
data
that
can
tell
people,computers,and
machines
when,for
example,they
are
thirsty,or
need
more
sun,medicine,etc.
Take
vertical(垂直的)
farms
for
example.Farming
is
moving
indoors
where
the
growth
of
plants
can
be
monitored
and
controlled.The
facilities
are
built
vertically,so
growing
areas
can
be
put
in
piles.This
greatly
reduces
the
amount
of
land
needed
for
farming.
From
an
IOT
point
of
view,vertical
farms
are
connected
in
two
ways.First,small
sensors(传感器)
in
the
soil
or
connected
to
plants
tell
a
control
system
exactly
how
much
light,water,and
nutrients
are
needed
to
grow
the
healthiest
crops.Sensors
will
also
tell
vertical
farmers
when
crops
are
nearing
their
peak
for
harvesting
at
just
the
right
time
to
make
sure
that
they
are
still
fresh
when
they
reach
their
final
destination.
Second,vertical
farms
will
be
connected
to
other
networks
and
information
systems,including
databases
that
track
the
local
demand.For
example,local
restaurants
may
input
when
they
need
fresh
food
supplies.And
vertical
farmers
could
get
that
information
so
they
know
which
crops
to
grow
in
what
quantities.This
type
of
IOT
system
would
have
been
unimaginable
a
generation
ago.
Today,vertical
farms
are
being
experimented.Yet,the
numbers
point
to
a
bright
future
for
the
industry,especially
as
the
world’s
population
continues
to
grow.For
example,Green
Sense
Farms
in
Chicago
is
able
to
harvest
crops
26
times
a
year
using
85
percent
less
energy,one
tenth
of
the
water,and
no
pesticides.A
side
benefit
of
lower
energy
use
is
lower
CO2
output
of
two
tons
per
month,with
the
added
benefit
of
creating
46
pounds
of
oxygen
every
day.
1.
How
do
sensors
attached
to
plants
work?
A.By
recording
farmers
harvesting
crops.
B.By
monitoring
farmers
working
their
fields.
C.By
analyzing
information
to
preserve
crops.
D.By
passing
information
to
a
control
system.
2.According
to
Paragraph
4,what
can
the
IOT
system
do?
A.Helping
expand
the
output
of
crops.
B.Helping
match
supply
with
demand.
C.Helping
determine
the
needs
of
farmers.
D.Helping
move
restaurants
onto
farms.
3.What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
the
future
of
vertical
farming?
A.Negative.
B.Indifferent.
C.Optimistic.
D.Doubtful.
4.What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A.Voice
machines
help
plants
speak
up.
B.Farmers
are
all
turning
to
vertical
farming.
C.IOT
has
brought
great
innovation
to
our
future
life.
D.Vertical
farms
driven
by
IOT
are
a
future
for
agriculture.
B
(2018·北京卷)
Preparing
Cities
for
Robot
Cars
The
possibility
of
self-driving
robot
cars
has
often
seemed
like
a
futurist’s
dream,years
away
from
materializing
in
the
real
world.Well,the
future
is
apparently
now.The
California
Department
of
Motor
Vehicles
began
giving
permits
in
April
for
companies
to
test
truly
self-driving
cars
on
public
roads.The
state
also
cleared
the
way
for
companies
to
sell
or
rent
out
self-driving
cars,and
for
companies
to
operate
driverless
taxi
services.California,it
should
be
noted,
isn’t
leading
the
way
panies
have
been
testing
their
vehicles
in
cities
across
the
country.It’s
hard
to
predict
when
driverless
cars
will
be
everywhere
on
our
roads.But
however
long
it
takes,the
technology
has
the
potential
to
change
our
transportation
systems
and
our
cities,for
better
or
for
worse,depending
on
how
the
transformation
is
regulated.
While
much
of
the
debate
so
far
has
been
focused
on
the
safety
of
driverless
cars
(and
rightfully
so),policymakers
also
should
be
talking
about
how
self-driving
vehicles
can
help
reduce
traffic
jams,cut
emissions(排放)
and
offer
more
convenient,affordable
mobility
options.The
arrival
of
driverless
vehicles
is
a
chance
to
make
sure
that
those
vehicles
are
environmentally
friendly
and
more
shared.
Do
we
want
to
copy—or
even
worsen—the
traffic
of
today
with
driverless
cars?
Imagine
a
future
where
most
adults
own
individual
self-driving
vehicles.They
tolerate
long,slow
journeys
to
and
from
work
on
packed
highways
because
they
can
work,entertain
themselves
or
sleep
on
the
ride,which
encourages
urban
spread.They
take
their
driverless
car
to
an
appointment
and
set
the
empty
vehicle
to
circle
the
building
to
avoid
paying
for
parking.Instead
of
walking
a
few
blocks
to
pick
up
a
child
or
the
dry
cleaning,they
send
the
self-driving
minibus.The
convenience
even
leads
fewer
people
to
take
public
transport—an
unwelcome
side
effect
researchers
have
already
found
in
ride-hailing(叫车)
services.
A
study
from
the
University
of
California
at
Davis
suggested
that
replacing
petrol-powered
private
cars
worldwide
with
electric,self-driving
and
shared
systems
could
reduce
carbon
emissions
from
transportation
80%
and
cut
the
cost
of
transportation
infrastructure(基础设施)
and
operations
40%
by
2050.Fewer
emissions
and
cheaper
travel
sound
pretty
appealing.The
first
commercially
available
driverless
cars
will
almost
certainly
be
fielded
by
ride-hailing
services,considering
the
cost
of
self-driving
technology
as
well
as
liability
and
maintenance
issues(责任与维护问题).But
driverless
car
ownership
could
increase
as
the
prices
drop
and
more
people
become
comfortable
with
the
technology.
Policymakers
should
start
thinking
now
about
how
to
make
sure
the
appearance
of
driverless
vehicles
doesn’t
extend
the
worst
aspects
of
the
car-controlled
transportation
system
we
have
today.The
coming
technological
advancement
presents
a
chance
for
cities
and
states
to
develop
transportation
systems
designed
to
move
more
people,and
more
affordably.The
car
of
the
future
is
coming.We
just
have
to
plan
for
it.
5.According
to
the
author,attention
should
be
paid
to
how
driverless
cars
can　　　　.?
A.help
deal
with
transportation-related
problems
B.provide
better
services
to
customers
C.cause
damage
to
our
environment
D.make
some
people
lose
jobs
6.As
for
driverless
cars,what
is
the
author’s
major
concern?
A.Safety.
B.Side
effects.
C.Affordability.
D.Management.
7.What
does
the
underlined
word
“fielded”
in
Paragraph
4
probably
mean?
A.Employed.
B.Replaced.
C.Shared.
D.Reduced.
8.What
is
the
author’s
attitude
to
the
future
of
self-driving
cars?
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Sympathetic.
Ⅱ.七选五
Urbanization
Until
relatively
recently,the
vast
majority
of
human
beings
lived
and
died
without
ever
seeing
a
city.The
first
city
was
probably
founded
no
more
than
5,500
years
ago.1.　　　　
In
fact,nearly
everyone
lived
on
farms
or
in
tiny
rural(乡村的)
villages.It
was
not
until
the
20th
century
that
Great
Britain
became
the
first
urban
society
in
history—a
society
in
which
the
majority
of
people
live
in
cities
and
do
not
farm
for
a
living.?
Britain
was
only
the
beginning.2.　　　　
The
process
of
urbanization—the
migration(迁徙)of
people
from
the
countryside
to
the
city—was
the
result
of
modernization,which
has
rapidly
transformed
how
people
live
and
where
they
live.?
In
1900,fewer
than
40%
of
Americans
lived
in
urban
areas.Today,over
82%
of
Americans
live
in
cities.Only
about
2%
live
on
farms.3.　　　?
Large
cities
were
impossible
until
agriculture
became
industrialized.Even
in
advanced
agricultural
societies,it
took
about
ninety-five
people
on
farms
to
feed
five
people
in
cities.4.　　　　
Until
modern
times,those
living
in
cities
were
mainly
the
ruling
elite(精英)
and
the
servants,laborers
and
professionals
who
served
them.Cities
survived
by
taxing
farmers
and
were
limited
in
size
by
the
amount
of
surplus
food
that
the
rural
population
produced
and
by
the
ability
to
move
this
surplus
from
farm
to
city.?
Over
the
past
two
centuries,the
Industrial
Revolution
has
broken
this
balance
between
the
city
and
the
country.5.　　　　
Today,instead
of
needing
ninety-five
farmers
to
feed
five
city
people,one
American
farmer
is
able
to
feed
more
than
a
hundred
non-farmers.?
A.That
kept
cities
very
small.
B.The
rest
live
in
small
towns.
C.The
effects
of
urban
living
on
people
should
be
considered.
D.Soon
many
other
industrial
nations
became
urban
societies.
E.But
even
200
years
ago,only
a
few
people
could
live
in
cities.
F.Modernization
drew
people
to
the
cities
and
made
farmers
more
productive.
G.Modern
cities
have
destroyed
social
relations
and
the
health
of
human
beings.
Ⅲ.语法填空
As
you
know,science
plays1.　　　　
very
important
role
in
our
education.Do
you
want
to
keep
up
2.　　　　
the
latest
research
and
discoveries
in
science?
There
are
many
good
websites3.　　　　
you
can
check
out
the
latest
in
the
science
world.?
One
great
site
is
Science
News
for
Kids.This
site
reports
science
news4.　　　　(cover)a
wide
range
of
subjects.The
articles
are
intended
for
younger
readers,but
adults
will
find
this
site5.　　
　　(suit)
for
them
as
well.Another
wonderful
site,one
that
I
check
out
every
day,6.　　　　(call)
Science
Daily.The
site
is
7.　　　　(constant)
updated
with
news,often
about
exciting8.　　　　(finding)
that
change
how
we
view
the
world.?
These
sites
post
the
latest
stories
and
also
keep
all
the
past
articles
they
9.　　　
　(post)
earlier.That
way
you
can
find
articles
just
about
anything
that10.　　　　(be)
related
to
the
science
fields
you
are
interested
in.?
参考答案
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.emphasize　2.prediction　3.occupation　
4.distance　5.persuasion　6.efficiency　
7.preference　8.constantly
Ⅱ.短语达标
switch
on　2.In
the
absence
of　3.keep
in
touch
with　4.In
this
sense　
5.catch
fire
6.kept
track
of　7.early
on　8.care
about
Ⅲ.句式仿写
the
instant
I
heard
it　2.It
takes
me
quite
a
long
time
to
understand　3.Susan
made
it
clear
to
me
that　4.the
way
I
eat
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读
1.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的
“small
sensors(传感器)
in
the
soil
or
connected
to
plants
tell
a
control
system
exactly
how
much
light,water,and
nutrients
are
needed
to
grow
the
healthiest
crops”可知,传感器将农作物生长所需要的光、水和营养等信息传递给控制系统。故选D。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Second,vertical
farms
will
be
connected
to
other
networks
and
information
systems,including
databases
that
track
the
local
demand.”可知,垂直农场将与其他网络和信息系统相连,包括追踪当地需求的数据库,再结合后面的例子可知,物联网系统有助于使供应与需求相匹配。故选B。
3.C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的
“Today,vertical
farms
are
being
experimented.Yet,the
numbers
point
to
a
bright
future
for
the
industry...”可知,作者对垂直农场的未来持乐观态度。故选C。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的
“In
the
near
future,IOT(Internet
of
Things)
will
drive
huge
innovation
in
the
way
our
food
is
grown.”及第二段中的“Take
vertical(垂直的)
farms
for
example.”可知,文章主要以垂直农场为例介绍了在不久的将来,物联网将推动粮食种植方式的巨大创新。故选D。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While
much
of
the
debate
so
far
has
been
focused
on
the
safety...policymakers
also
should
be
talking
about
how
self-driving
vehicles
can
help
reduce
traffic
jams,cut
emissions(排放)
and
offer
more
convenient,affordable
mobility
options.”可知,作者认为人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点应放在减少交通拥堵、减少排放及提供便利、价格适中的交通方式等方面。选项A“有助于解决与交通有关的问题”与此意思吻合。选项B“为消费者提供更好的服务”说法太笼统;选项C与第二段第一句中的cut
emissions矛盾;选项D在文中没有提及。
6.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakers
should
start
thinking
now
about
how
to
make
sure
the
appearance
of
driverless
vehicles
doesn’t
extend
the
worst
aspects
of
the
car-controlled
transportation
system
we
have
today.”并结合上文内容可知,作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理,不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面,与选项D提到的“(车辆)管理”吻合,显然这是作者比较关心的。选项A是人们辩论的事情;选项B概括过于广泛;选项C是无人驾驶汽车的好处。
7.A　词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“the
first
commercially
available
driverless
cars
will
almost
certainly”并结合下句中“as
the
prices
drop
and
more
people
become
comfortable
with
the
technology”可知,随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如,第一批上市的无人驾驶汽车会被用到“叫车服务”中。选项A“使用”符合题意。
8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The
car
of
the
future
is
coming.We
just
have
to
plan
for
it.”可知,无人驾驶汽车的时代马上来到,准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。选项A“怀疑的”,选项C“反对的”,选项D“同情的”,都不符合题意。
Ⅱ.七选五
1.E　第一段主要讲述了在过去城市非常少,大多数人都是住在农场或乡村里。根据段意可知,此处应选E。并且E项与设空处下一句也形成语意上的对比和呼应。
2.D　空格前一句中的
beginning与D项中的Soon相对应。句意:英国只是个开始,之后许多其他的工业国家也成为城市化的社会。故选D。
3.B　空格所在的段落通过列举数据来体现现在城市化在进一步加速。由上文可知,绝大多数的美国人住在城市里,少部分住在农场里,因此此空说明剩下的人居住在何地。故选B。
4.A　设空处前两句述过去城市规模不可能大的原因,故选A项,与前面的意思呼应。
5.F　由空格前一句阐述工业革命打破了此前城市和乡村的这种平衡,可知空格处是对前一句内容的进一步阐述,也是对后一句(农业生产率空前提升)的引领。故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空
1.a　考查冠词。play
an
important
role
in...在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用),因为空后有以辅音音素开头的very,故填冠词a。
2.with　考查介词。keep
up
with跟上,不落在……后面。
3.where　考查定语从句。先行词为websites,空处在从句中作地点状语,所以用
where,相当于
on
which。
4.covering　考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词,该句中已经有谓语动词(reports),提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为主动关系,所以用
cover的v.-ing形式作后置定语,在此相当于which
covers。
5.suitable　考查形容词。这里构成“find+宾语+宾补(形容词)”结构,所以用suit的形容词形式。
6.is
called　考查动词的时态和语态。另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science
Daily。one
that
I
check
out
every
day是主语another
wonderful
site的同位语,且主语和call构成被动关系,再结合全文的时态,确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
7.constantly　考查副词。修饰动词updated,作状语,故用副词。
8.findings　考查名词复数。finding为可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,且定语从句中谓语动词为change,为复数概念,所以应用复数形式。
9.posted　考查动词时态。这里指的是the
past
articles(以前的文章),也就是说是以前发布的,所以用一般过去时。
10.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything,并在从句中作主语,再结合全文的时态可知应填is。