中考英语二轮语法专题学案：名词 （含答案）

中考语法-名词
概念。
名词表示一种物质或者概念，分为具体名词（可以看得到），如desk,
apple等和抽象名词（看不到），如idea,
experience等。
（名词常常和代词/数词一起考查）
二、名词分类。
分为两种：可数名词和不可数名词
1、可数名词单数变复数规则
种类
变化
读音
例词
一般情况
直接在词尾加-s
在清辅音后读/s/
book-booksmap-maps
在浊辅音和元音后读/z/
mouth-mouths
brother-brothers
以s/x/sh/ch结尾
在词尾加-es
/iz/
box-boxes
bus-busescash-casheswatch-watches
以辅音字母+y结尾
变“y”为“i”+es；
/iz/
city-cites
以a/e/i/o/u+y结尾
直接加s
/z/
day-days
key-keys
boy-boys
以f或fe结尾
变f/fe为v，+es
/iz/
knife-knivesleaf-leaves
以f/fe结尾的词有：
妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf）
小偷（thief）吓得发了慌
躲在架（shelf）下保己（self）命
半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光
可数名词的不规则变化：
单数
复数
汉语
man
men
男人
woman
women
女人
tooth
teeth
牙齿
foot
feet
脚
goose
geese
鹅
child
children
孩子
mouse
mice
老鼠
单复数同形
sheep
sheep
绵阳
deer
deer
鹿
只有复数
people
人们
clothes
衣服
pants/trousers
裤子
shorts
短裤
sunglasses
太阳镜
其他名词单数变复数的规则：
1)
以o
结尾的名词，变复数时
有生命的加es：hero-heroes“英雄”，potato-potatoes“土豆”，tomato-tomatoes“西红柿”
无生命的加s：photo-photos“照片”，radio-radios“收音机”，piano-pianos“钢琴”
“某国人”的单复数变化
口诀：中日不变，英法变，其它加s
单数
复数
汉语
Chinese
Chinese
中国人
Japanese
Japanese
日本人
English
man
English
men
英国人
Frenchwoman
Frenchwomen
法国人
German
Germans
德国人
American
Americans
美国人
注意：英国人的表达有时候是British，单数复数同形
the+姓氏复数表示一家人：the
Greens,
the
Smiths
4）特殊：男/女+职业时，两部分都要变复数
man
teacher-men
teachers
(男老师)
woman
doctor-women
doctors
（女医生）
scarf
复数有两种：scarfs/
scarves
roof
复数roofs
5）以s
结尾的学科名词是单数。Mathematics“数学”，physics“物理”，politics“政治”等。
E.g.
Physics
is
my
favorite
subject.
6）数量和钱做主语，谓语动词用单数。
Two
thousand
dollars
is
much
money.
One
hundred
years
is
very
long.
2、不可数名词（不变形，不能加a/an，也不能加s/es）
常见的不可数名词有：
液体：juice“果汁”，water“水”，coffee“咖啡”，milk“牛奶”
食物：
主食：bread“面包”，rice“大米”
肉类：fish“鱼肉”，chicken“鸡肉”，beef“牛肉”，
pork“猪肉”，meat“肉”
其他candy“糖果”，food“食物”，fruit“水果”
常考不可数名词有：
news“新闻”，information“信息”，advice“建议”，progress“进步”，success“成功”，
knowledge“知识”,
weather“天气”，fun“乐趣”，work“工作”，money“钱”，air“空气”，hair“头发”，paper“纸”，fire“火”
注意：
suggestion“建议”，是可数名词
job“工作”，是可数名词
修饰名词的量词是可数名词。
E.g.
a
bottle
of
water
“一瓶水”
two
bottles
of
water
“两瓶水”
特殊情况：有些名词不可数，加上形容词后却变成了可数名词
不可数
可数
fire“火”
a
big
fire“一场大火”
rain“雨”
a
heavy
rain
“一场大雨”
life“生活”
live
a
happy
life
过着幸福的生活
time“时间”
a
second
time
再一次
sport“运动”
an
exciting
water
sport
“一项有趣的水上运动”
三、名词所有格
名词所有格常翻译成“...的”，如Tom’s
bike
“汤姆的自行车”，分两类：
1、’s所有格
A)
以s结尾加’，不以s结尾加’s;
e.g.
Maria’s
skirt
玛利亚的短裙
Children’s
Palace少年宫
these
ladies’
hats
这些女士的帽子
B)
两人共有一种东西，在第二个人名后加’s，即A
and
B’s;
e.g.
Tom
and
Danny’s
football
汤姆和丹尼的足球
C)
如果两人共有很多东西，分别在每个人名后加’s，即A’s
and
B’s
E.g.
Kitty’s
and
Lucy’s
books
凯蒂和露西的书
D)
’s所有格常用来表示有生命的事物，表示无生命的事物时，常用于时间和距离
five
minutes’
walk
走路五分钟的路程
ten
years’
time
十年时间
如果表示别的无生命的事物可以用”-”连接，相当于一个形容词
a
ten-day
trip
十天的旅行
an
eighty-word
passage
一篇八十字的文章
the
+姓氏+’s表示地点
E.g.
the
Green’s
格林家
the
barber’s
理发店
2、of
所有格
a
map
of
China
一张中国地图
3.
双重所有格：即’s
所有格加of
所有格
a
friend
of
my
father’s
我爸爸的一个朋友
a
photo
of
mine
我的一张照片（注意：用名词性物主代词）
专有名词
专有名词常用来表示名字，人名、地名、国家名、其他事物的名称等，需要大写第一个字母，
前面一般不加冠词，如：Michael,
Japan,
January等
（特殊：the
USA,
the
Great
Wall...）
【随堂练习】
一、写出下列可数名词的复数形式。
1.
toy
2.
goose
3.
library
4.
city
5.
knife
6.
leaf
7.
tomato
8.
tooth
9.
man
10.
child
11.
deer
12.
foot
13.
wolf
14.
Frenchman
15.
hero
16.
Japanese
二、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
1.
P
are
my
favorite
animals
and
they
live
only
in
China.
2.
A
whale
has
many
d
from
a
fish.
3.
We
live
in
a
flat
with
two
(卧室).
4.
Please
look
up
the
new
words
in
one
of
the
(词典).
5.
Both
of
the
(贼)
were
caught
just
now.
6.
She
had
made
friends
with
five
(德国人).
7.
I’m
not
myself
today.
I
think
I
must
go
to
the
(doctor).
8.
(Lily
and
Linda)
seats
are
on
the
left.
9.
With
the
(战士)
help,
the
boy
could
go
to
school
again.
His
parents
thanked
him
very
much.
10.
This
is
a
photo
of
my
(姐姐).
She
was
ten
then.
三、名词所有格。
1.
So
I’ve
got
one
holiday.
A.
weeks
B.
week’s
C.
weeks’
D.
week
2.
The
PLA
man
saved
three
lives
in
the
accident.
A.
children’s
B.
children
C.
child
D.
childs’
3.
Can
you
imagine
what
life
will
be
like
in
time?
A.
20
years’
B.
20
year’s
C.
20-years’
D.
20-years
4.
room
is
big
and
bright.
They
like
it
very
much.
A.
Tom
and
Sam
B.
Tom’s
and
Sam
C.
Tom
and
Sam’s
D.
Tom’s
and
Sam’s
5.
fathers
are
both
scientists.
A.
Jim’s
and
Bob
B.
Jim’s
and
Bob’s
C.
Jim
and
Bob’s
D.
Jim
and
Bob
6.
is
covered
with
heavy
snow.
A.The
surface
of
earth
B.
The
earth’s
surface
C.
The
earths’
surface
D.
The
surface
7.
is
too
much
for
a
little
boy
to
carry.
A.
The
weight
of
a
bike
B.
A
bike’s
weight
C.
The
weights
of
a
bike
D.
Bike’s
weight
8.
He
said
he
was
going
to
help
with
English.
A.
a
friend
of
Mary’s;
herC.
a
friend
of
Mary’s;
hers
B.
a
friend
of
Mary;
herD.
a
friend
of
Mary;
hers
9.
I
went
to
my
yesterday
and
had
a
wonderful
time
there.
A.
aunt
B.
aunt’s
C.
aunts
D.
aunts’
10.
The
shop
sells
clothing.
A.
children
and
women’sC.
children’s
and
women’s
B.
child’s
and
woman’sD.
children’s
and
women
作业：
1.
We
went
to
Dr.
Brown's
yesterday.
He
gave
us_____.
A.
some
advice
B.
advices
C.
an
advice
D.
some
advices
2.
What
_____
they've
got!
No
wonder
they
are
very
happy.
A.
a
good
news
B.
quite
a
few
news
C.
good
news
D.
little
news
3.
What
_____!
Let's
go
swimming.
A.
a
fine
weather
B.
fine
day
C.
a
fine
day
D.
bad
weather
4.
You
have
made
______.
You
should
be
more
careful.
A.
a
lot
of
mistake
B.
a
great
deal
of
mistakes
C.
a
large
number
of
mistakes
D.
few
mistakes
5.
Before
we
moved
into
the
new
house,
we
bought
many
_____
A.
furnitures
B.
furniture
C.
pieces
of
furniture
D.
pieces
of
furnitures
6.
The
bookshelf
over
there
is_________.
A.
Mary’s
and
Jane’s
B.
Mary’s
and
Jane
C.
Mary
and
Jane’s
D.
Mary
and
Jane
7.
They
had
a
good
time
at
the
_____
Palace.
A.
children
B.
Children’s
C.
Children
D.
Childrens’
8.
Xiao
Li
was
____
in
my
boyhood.
A.
my
close
friend
B.
mine
a
close
friend
C.
a
close
friend
of
mine
D.
a
close
friend
of
me
9.
How
far
is
your
school
?
A.
twenty
-
five
minutes
walk
B.
the
walk
of
twenty-five
minutes
C.
twenty-five
minutes
walks
D.
twenty-five
minutes’
walk
10.Will
you
have
a
little
______?
A.
more
fishes
B.
more
fish
C.
much
fishes
D.
fishes
11.
We
haven't
got
much______
for
our
picnic.
Will
you
go
and
get
some?
A
apple
B
tomato
C
bread
D
biscuit
12.
I’ve
read_____
sports
news
about
the
Fl
race
today.
A
two
B
pieces
C
two
piece
D
two
pieces
of
13.
Linda,
I've
bought
many_______.
Now
let's
make
the
birthday
cake.
A.
fresh
eggs
B.
chocolate
milk
C.
frozen
food
D
rice
dumplings
14.
You
can
get
much
____________
about
the
World
Expo
on
the
Internet.
A)
map
B)
picture
C)
ticket
D)
information
15.
Help
yourselves
to
some
_______,
children.
A.
fish
?B.
fishes
?
C.
a
piece
of
fish
??D.
a
fish
中考真题汇编
1.
---
Where
is
Tom?
---
He’s
left
a
______
saying
that
he
has
something
important
to
do.
A.
excuse
B.
message
C.
exercise
D.
news
2.
There
is
no
______
in
the
bus
so
we
have
to
wait
for
another
bus.
A.
room
B.
a
room
C.
rooms
D.
seats
3.
---
Would
you
like
some
______?
---
Oh,
yes.
Just
a
little.
A.
pears
B.
oranges
C.
sugar
D.
apples
4.
You
can
find
the
following
INSTRUCTIONS
on
_______.
KEEP
IN
A
COLD
PLACE
A.
food
B.
money
C.
clothes
D.
books
5.
Mr.
Green
has
lived
in
the
_____
hotel
since
he
came
to
China.
A.
five-star
B.
five-stars
C.
five
star’s
D.
five
stars
6.
She
was
born
in
Wuhan,
but
Beijing
has
become
her
second
_______.
A.
home
B.
family
C.
house
D.
place
7.
---
What’s
the
_____
today?
---
It’s
June
26.
A.
day
B.
date
C.
time
D.
hour
8.
English
is
spoken
as
a
first
language
in
______.
A.
the
USA
B.
France
C.
Japan
D.
China
9.
______
comes
from
cows.
A.
Wool
B.
Chicken
C.
Pork
D.
Milk
10.
Let
the
children
go
away.
They’re
making
too
much
______
here.
A.
noise
B.
voice
C.
noisy
D.
sounds
随堂练习答案：
一、1.
toys
2.
geese
3.
libraries
4.
cities
5.
knives
6.
leaves
7.
tomotoes
8.
teeth
Men
10.
children
11.
deer
12.
feet
13.
wolves
14.
Frenchmen
15.
heroes
Japanese
二、1.
Pandas
2.
differences
3.
bedrooms
4.
dictionaries
5.
thieves
6.
Germans
doctor’s
8.
Lily’s
and
Linda’s
9.
soldier’s
10.
sister’s
三、1-5BAACB
6-10BAABC
作业答案：
一、1-5ACCCD
6-10CBCDB
11-15CDADA
中考真题答案：
1-5BACAA
6-10ABADA