2021-2022学年高中英语牛津版选修十一：Unit3 The secret of success 知识点学案 （Word版含答案）

Module 11 Unit 3 The secret of success
一、重点单词与短语：
1. improvement n. 改进，改善 [c/u]
①make many improvements 作出许多改进
②an improvement in… 在……方面好转
③an improvement on… 比……好转
▲improve vt. & vi. 改进，改善，（使）好转
④improve on/upon 对……作出改进
典题赏析：
1) There has been an improvement _______ the weather. 天气有了好转。
2) Today’s weather is an improvement _______ yesterday’s. 今天的天气比昨天的天气好。
3) Their living conditions have been _______（改善）in the past few years. 【陕西卷】
4) He has _______ _______ the invention. 他进一步完善了那项发明。
2. man in the street普通人，常人，平民百姓
3. resign vi. & vt. 辞职，辞去；听从，顺从
①resign office = resign one’s office = resign one’s post辞职
②resign from a job 辞去工作
③resign…to… 把……托交给……
④resign oneself to 听从……，顺从……
典题赏析：
1) ______ from the company, the young director still went to the office every day to finish off the unfinished work.
A. Resigning B. Retiring C. Designing D. Assigning
2) The workers could hardly _______ the boss抯 bad temper but under his supervision they had to _______ themselves to working harder.
A. tolerate; contribute B. bear; dedicate C. stand; resign D. put up with; invest
4. pull out 退出，脱离；（火车）驶出车站；渡过难关，恢复健康 (反：push)
①pull…out of… 把……从……拉出来
②pull down 拉下；拆毁
③pull in（车）进站，停站；（船）到岸，靠岸
④pull off 脱（衣、帽等）；把车开到路边；成功完成
⑤pull on 穿戴（袜子、手套等）
⑥pull over 把……拉过来，把……划到岸边，把……开到路边
⑦pull through（使）恢复健康，（使）渡过难关
⑧pull away 开动，离开
⑨have the pull of/over sb. 胜过某人；控制某人
典题赏析：
1) You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.
A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out
2) Minster Street is being widened. They’ll have to ______ a lot of lovely old houses.
A. pull away B. pull down C. pull up D. pull out
3) The policeman signed to a driver to ______ to check if he had drunk.
A. pull over B. pull out C. pull in D. pull through
5. (at) the last minute/moment （在）最后一刻
①at any minute/moment马上，随时
②in a minute/moment 马上，立刻，一会儿
③just a minute/moment 等一下
④the minute/moment… 一……就……
⑤to the minute/moment 准时，正好
典题赏析：
1) Rather than ______ everything to the last minute, he prefers ______ early.
A. leave; start B. leaving; start C. leave; to start D. to leave; starting
2) He had planned to make a compromise, but ______ he changed his mind at the last minute.
A. therefore B. thus C. anyhow D. somehow
3) 揟he plane ______ in a minute. Please fasten your safety belts and remain on your seats until it has landed, the stewardess announced in a sweet voice.
A. is going to land B. will land C. is about to land D. will be landing
4) 桾hanks for your help, but can you do me one more favor, please?
______, Sir. What’s it then?
A. Just a minute B. My pleasure C. That’s right D. At your service
6. put out 公布，广播，出版；扑灭
①put across 解释，说明
②put aside 储蓄
③put away 把……收起来，放好
④put back 把（钟、表）拨慢；推迟，阻碍
⑤put through 接通；做成，完成
⑥put down 放下，镇压
⑦put off 推迟，拖延
⑧put on 穿上，戴上
⑨put forward 提出（观点，议案等）；向前拨
⑩put up 挂起，张贴；建造，搭起
put up with 忍耐，容忍
put together 组织，汇集；组装
典题赏析：
1) The workers will go on strike if the demands they _______ are turned down.
A. put off B. put forward C. put out D. put away
2) Tom, _______ the box carefully. It is filled with glasses which we抣l soon need.
A. put down B. put on C. put off D. put together
3) Every Sunday afternoon mom would put everything in the house ______ and make a thorough cleaning.
A. out B. up C. away D. off
7. take off 快速成功，突然流行；脱下；起飞
8. tire vt. & vi. （使）疲劳，（使）疲倦
①tire of 对……感到厌倦
②tire sb. out 使某人筋疲力尽 (be tired out筋疲力尽)
③be tired/sick of 对……感到厌倦/厌烦
④be tired with/from因……而疲劳/劳累
典题赏析：
1) Sooner or later, he will _______ _______ politics. 迟早他会厌倦政治的。
2) ____ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of the Mount Tai.
【浙江卷】
A. To be tired B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired
9. throw oneself into 投身于，致力于，积极从事
①throw oneself on/upon 扑倒在……上；依靠，依赖
②throw doubt on 使人对……产生怀疑
③throw light on 阐明，讲清
④throw it like that 像那样扔出去
⑤throw at 向……扔去
⑥throw away 扔掉，抛弃
⑦throw down 扔掉，扔下；使倒下
⑧throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱掉
⑨throw up 抛起，举起
典题赏析：
1) Since her husband died, she’s _______ _______ _______ her work.
自从丈夫去世后，她就全身心投入到工作中。
2) Fresh evidence has thrown _______ on her story. 新的证据让人对她的说法产生了怀疑。
3) The modern scientific development has _______ this question.
A. throw out B. throw off C. throw over D. throw light upon
10. fold vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹；抱住
①fold up 折叠，对折
②fold sb. in one’s arms 抱住某人
11. will n. 意志，毅力；心愿；遗嘱 [c/u]
v. aux. 将，将要；会，将会；愿意；总是，老是
①at will 随意地，任意地
②make a will 立遗嘱
③against one’s will 违心地；违背意愿地
④Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
典题赏析：
1) No one can behave _______, completely regardless of social conventions.
A. at will B. at random 　　 C. on purpose 　　 D. on edge
12. Euphemism（委婉语）：委婉语通常是一种叙述令人困窘或不快的事的礼貌方式。使用委婉语时，你会用比较含糊或不那么直接的词语来代替被认为是刺耳或无礼的词语。
1）我们经常使用委婉语来表达禁忌或非常敏感的话题：
①pass away 死亡
②on one’s last legs 将要崩溃或濒临死亡
③senior citizen 年长的人
④physically challenged 身体有残疾的
⑤visually challenged 视力不好的
⑥not all there 痴头呆脑
2）我们经常使用委婉语来提升某人的身份或某事的状态：
⑦sanitary worker 环卫工人
⑧the man in the street 普通人，常人，平民百姓
⑨between jobs 失业
3）我们用委婉语来表示在公共场合不适合直接表达的情形：
⑩wash one’s hands 上厕所
body count 在某一现场发现的死亡人数
correctional facility 监狱
13. economical adj. 节约的；实惠的
①be economical with the truth 有所隐瞒
▲economics n. 经济学
▲economic adj. 经济的，经济学的 (economic crisis/growth/problems/policy)
▲economy n. 经济；节约，节省 [u]；经济制度，经济结构；节约办法 [c]
▲economically adv. 经济地，省钱地，节约地；在经济上
▲economist n. 经济学家 [c]
14. scratch vt. 挠，抓；扒出，挖出；刮破，划伤；划掉，取消
①scratch the surface 隔靴搔痒，只触及问题的表面或一小部分
典题赏析：
1) He smiled at her, _______ his head. 他挠挠头，对她笑了笑。
15. allergic adj. 过敏的，过敏性的；对……极其反感
①be allergic to 对……过敏；对……极其反感/讨厌
②have an allergic reaction to 对……有过敏反应
典题赏析：
1) —What are these housewives talking about?
—They are discussing whether men are actually _______ to housework or just too lazy.
A. relevant B. allergic C. native D. accessible
16. capital punishment/death penalty 死刑
17. faith n. 信心；信仰 [u]
①have faith in 相信，信任，信仰
②lose faith in 对……失去信心
▲faithful adj. 忠实的，忠诚的，可信赖的
③be faithful to (= be loyal to) 对……忠诚
▲faithfully adv. 忠实地，忠诚地，可信赖地
典题赏析：
1) Have faith ______ yourself, be faithful ______ your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success.
A. of; of B. in; in C. to; in D. in; to
2) Never ______ faith in himself, the scientist went on with his research.
A. lose B. to lose C. losing D. to be lost
18. thirst n. 渴望，渴求；口渴 [u]
vi. 渴望，热望
①have a thirst for 渴望……
②thirst for/after渴望……
▲thirsty adj. 口渴的；渴望的
③be thirsty for 渴望……
典题赏析：
1) Nowadays, people have a great _______ for advanced knowledge. 如今，人们非常渴望先进的知识。
19. drive n. 干劲，魄力 [u]；驾车出行 [c]；驱动 [u]；驱动器 [c]
vt. 迫使，逼迫（某人生气、发疯等）；驾驶，开，赶走；开车送（某人）
①drive sb. angry/mad (crazy) 使某人生气/发疯
②drive sb. to do sth. 逼迫某人干某事
③drive a car 开车
④drive a horse/cart 赶马/车
⑤drive sb. 开车送某人
⑥drive away/off 赶走/跑
⑦drive sb. into a corner 迫得某人走投无路
典题赏析：
1) Brian has got tremendous _______. 布莱恩干劲十足。
2) Let’s go for a _______ along the coast. 我们开车沿着海岸去兜兜风吧。
3) This cough is driving me _______. 咳嗽快把我逼疯了。
4) We keep dogs in the yard to _______ _______ intruders.
我们在院子里养着几条狗以赶走不速之客。
20. for the taking 供自由取用
21. bless vt. 祝福，保佑 (blessed-blessed; blest-blest)
①be blessed with赋有……的，享有……的
They blessed their child. 他们祝福他们的孩子。
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！（用于祝福）
I have never been a rich man, but I have always been blessed with good health.
我从来不是一个富人，但幸运的是我一直很健康。
▲blessed adj. 神圣的，快乐的
▲blessing n. 祝福，祈福 [c]
典题赏析：
1) I _______ _______ _______ a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have.
我有幸拥有幸福的童年，一个多数人想拥有的童年。
22. nursery rhyme 童谣，儿歌
23. shrink vi. & vt. 退缩；缩水；（使）缩小 (shrank/shrunk; shrunk/shrunken)
①shrink from (doing) sth. 回避（干）某事
典题赏析：
1) This cloth _______ in the wash. 这种布洗后会缩。
2) Brave men never _______ _______ danger. 勇敢的人决不会因危险而畏缩。
3) We will not _______ _______ making the necessary changes in policy.
我们不会回避对政策做出必要的修改。
4)The threat of air pollution is real and we shouldn’t ______ responsibility to fight it.
A. hand over B. shrink from C. pull over D. arise from
二、重点句型：
1. His next computer, the ZX81, was an even bigger hit, and his company’s receipts grew by 600% over the previous year.
他的下一台电脑ZX81更加热销，他的公司收入比前一年增长了600%。
分析：句中hit是名词，指“红极一时的人或物；成功”。
The first TV show was a big hit. 首次电视演出一炮走红。
The novelist Wang Shuo became a hit in the early 1990’s.
小说家王朔是20世纪90年代初期红极一时的人物。
另：hit还可用作动词，意为“击，打；碰撞；袭击；偶然想到”。构成短语：
①hit sb. + 介词 + the + 身体的某一部位 “打某人的……”
②hit on/upon 突然想起；偶然发现
A stone hit me on the back. 石头砸了我的背。
The car hit the wall. 汽车撞到了墙上。
A terrible flood hit this area. 可怕的洪水袭击了这个地区。
A good idea hit me. 我突然想起了一个好主意。
I hit on a good idea. 我突然想起了一个好主意。
I hit on the book in a small book shop. 我在一家小书店里偶然发现了这本书。
典题赏析：
1)—Have you seen Madagascar? It’s really a fantastic movie.
—Yes, it’s really a big _______ this summer.
A. movie B. hit C. beat D. success
2) Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had _______ his leg. 【全国卷】
A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck
3) It _______ me that I had forgotten to close the window.
A. struck B. hit C. occurred to D. all of above
参考答案：一、重点单词与短语：
1. in; on; improved; improved on/upon 3. AC 4. BBA 5. CDDD 6. BAC 8. tire of; B 9. thrown herself into; doubt; D 11. A 14. scratching 15. B 17. DC 18. thirst 19. drive; drive; mad; drive away 21. was blessed with 23. shrinks; shrink from; shrink from
二、重点句型：1. BBD
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